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pools
If you live in the country and have enough room for a bird sanctuary, a watering place for birds can be very easily
provided by simply hollowing out a small dish-shaped area in the ground and fllling it with water. This unit can become a part of the landscaping by lining the depression with cement and making a small ornamental pool. Do not make the pool too deep. Birds rarely wiil use a pool or a birdbath that is more than 2 or 3 inches deep. Have the sides at a very flat slope so that entry is easy. The birds will approach the pool more freely if there are no nearby bushes that could hide enemies. Have at least 3 to 4 feet of open space around the pool. Use grass in this area or, better, fi.ne sand and drrst for a natural dust bath. These pools can vary in size from 3 to 10 feet across, depending upon the space you can devote to them. The chief objections to this kind of pool are that it occupies too much space in the average yard and is very difficult to clean.

If you are fortunate enough to have a small stream or a running spring on your land, the pool described above can be made a part of it. Widen a section of the stream, give the sides a very gradual slope, provide the grass or dust area, remove close bushes and shrubs, and you will have an excellent, natural bird-watering place.
While bushes should be removed from the area immediately surrounding the pool, have a fence, open bush, dead tree, or overhanging branches about 10 feet away to serve as a place for the birds to rest and preen themselves. Locate the pool and preening perch where they will get both sunshine and shade and the birds will use them constantly.

A shallow pool with sloping sides and lined with concrete is wel-

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Watt-From the National Audubon Society

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how to make a concrete birdbath

A simple and inexpensive way to make a concrete birdbath is shown here. The bowl is formed with sweeps that mold the core and the concrete to shape. Select a level, flat surface on which to mount a piece of taned buitdi.ng paper about 36 inches square. Tack it in place at the edges. Drill a hole at the exact center for the r/+-incJn pivot, which may be a wood dowel or iron rod and insert the pivot.
Cut the sweep for the core out of. tla-incln stock as shown. The bowl is cast or swept upside down. The core is made of clay. To use less clay, you can build up the core out of waste lumber as illustrated. Over this core spread the clay, which should be soft enough to shape easily. place the sweep on the pivot and work it back and forth until the core is shaped. Allow the core to dry partially and coat it with grease or oil.

When the clay has set, mix the concrete, one part cement to three parts sand and gravel. Keep it rather thick so that

it can be formed.

Add the second spacer block, put the concrete over the clay mold, and sweep it into shape. Small pieces of chicken wire can be added as reinforcement. When shaped, trowel the concrete smooth and allow it to harden. After the concrete has set, remove it from the board, and take out the clay core. Round the edges with a brick; then take out the wood spacer block in the center and plug the hole with cement.

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Maintenance of the birdbath is an interesting home chore for

the youngsters.

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The trickle and splash of falling water is an attraction for birds.

Gene

Heil-from the National Audubon Society

The drains, too, must be looked after.

Birdbaths can be very elaborate, approximating the formal jet fountains in public parks. Many of these are more decorative than practical. However, a fountain with a jet of water has an attraction for birds. They are fascinated by the trickle and splash of water as you will discover if you provide a fountain in your birdbath, pool, or fountain. Most of the formal birdbaths have permanent water connections and the water must be turned off during freezing weather.

Gare

of birdbaths

a week.

Whether a birdbath is simple or elaborate, it must be kept clean. Flush it out every other day and flll it with clean water. You will thus prevent the formation of algae, which not only makes the water unflt for use but also causes an odor. The formation of algae in larger pools and baths can also be prevented by adding one ounce of copper sulfate to every 50 gallons of water. No harmful effects to birds from this solution have ever been noted. Scrub the bowl with a wire brush or with sand and a piece of burlap at least once

winter
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Unless there has been a very dry spell and there is no snow or ice on the ground, it is not necessary to provide water for the birds during the winter. Since birds do not bathe in

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