A

ON
A STUDY ON MERCHANDISE PLANNING IN A RETAIL STORE VISHAL KUSHWAHA
REG NO: 511128724
Submitted in fulfillment of requirement for the degree of the Master of Business Administration in marketing Of Sikkim Manipal University, India (Session:2010-2012)

BY

Under the guidance of Mr. Manav Sharma Director & center head

submitted by vishal kushwaha MBA semester IV Submitted at NORHEN COMPUTERS

NORTHERN COMPUTERS 16/79-G, CIVIL LINE BEHIND RBI NEAR CENRA BANK,KANPUR-208001 CENTER CODE-0940

ON
A STUDY ON MERCHANDISE PLANNING IN A RETAIL STORE VISHAL KUSHWAHA
REG NO: 511128724
Submitted in fulfillment of requirement for the degree of the Master of Business Administration in marketing Of Sikkim Manipal University, India

BY

Sikkim Manipal University of Health,

Medical & Technological Science, Distance Education Wing, Syndicate House, Manipal-576104

A study on merchandise planning in a retail store

Submitted in fulfillment of requirement for the degree of the Master of Business Administration in marketing Of Sikkim Manipal University, India

By Vishal kushwaha

Sikkim Manipal University of Health,

Medical & Technological Science, Distance Education Wing, Syndicate House, Manipal-576104

EXAMINER S CERTIFICATION

The project report of Vishal kushwaha A study on merchandise planning in retail store is approved and is acceptable in quality and form.

Internal Examiner (manav sharma) Centre Head

External Examiner

UNIVERSITY STUDY CENTRE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled A study on merchandise planning in retail store submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of Business Administration in marketing of Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences. Vishal kushwaha has worked under my supervision and guidance and that no part of this report has been submitted for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar title or prizes and that the work has not been published in any journal or magazines.

VISHAL KUSHWAHA Regn. No. 511128724

Certified ( Manav sharma) (director & Centre Head)

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled A study on merchandise planning in retail store. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Of Master of Business Administration in marketing to Sikkim Manipal University, India, is my original work and not submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar title or prizes.

PLACE: DATE:

( Vishal Kushwaha) Reg. NO. 511128724

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel it a duty on my part to acknowledge the contribution of the persons. Who has been Enormously helpful in preparation of this project. No research endeavor is also exercise. Various Individual, in their own capacities at some Point or the other contributes in bringing to function the research endeavor. By acknowledging the guidance, support and assistance I humbly thank them. First of all, I express my gratitude for honorable Mr. Manav sharma for his able guidance at every step of my project work. I am also thankful to Miss Sarika Upadhyay and other faculty member of my Institute, who helped me in developing knowledge, which helped me in completing this project. Last but no least I thankful to my senior and friends for their help and Co-operation.

PREFACE

In spite of the theoretical knowledge gained through classroom study, as person is uncompleted of not subject to practical exposure of real corporate world and may have to face hurdles, which will be difficult to overcome without any first hand experience of business. In this context Research program has been design to make the person aware of happening of the real business world. The report, entitled A STUDY ON MERCHANDISE PLANNING IN RETAIL STORE. Has been done by me at BIG BAZZAR outlets, in Kanpur This report focus on the Retail Market activities and enlightening the Problem of Unorganized trading, opportunities in the Retail Market, trends adopted by the retail market, trend adopted by the retail market, new era of technologies in Retail Industry operation etc. It is specially design on the basis Of secondary design on the basis of secondary data as well as Primary data collected through Questionnaire, Books, Internet, business Magazine etc. I hope my Research report will be prove fruitful for readers and readers will find this report useful to boost

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY
SIZE OF INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY RETAIL HISTORY RETAIL TNDUSTRY IN INDIA RETAIL SECTOR GROWTH IN INDIA CONTRIBUTION OF RETAIL IN INIDIA CONCLUSION ON RETAIL INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
BIG BAZAAR MILESTONES SWOT ANALYSIS

PROJECT OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION OBEJECTIVES MERCHANDISE MANAGEMENT PROCESESS MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISING PLANNING IN A RETAIL STORE STRATEGIC DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

METHODOLOGY
PRIMERY DATA SECONDARY DATA

MERCHANDISE ANALYSIS

 FINDING

CONCLUSION BIBLOGRAPHY

Size of Indian retail industry

The size of retail industry in an economy depends on many factors and the level of consumer spending is the most important among these factors. The retail sector in India has grown by leaps and bounds in the last five years. The reason behind this growth has been the synergy of many propellants. However the growth is not always genuine as there are exaggerations as well. But these exaggerations also have benefits since they given a feel of growing competition all around. Secondly the present situation is just a depiction of nascent stage. The future of the trajectory may not be as steep as it is now or may be even slope downward. 'What will be the future size of the retail industry' is the mind boggling question. Another moot point that will gain importance in due time concerns the future of the unorganized retail market which constitute a significant proportion of the whole industry. The retail stores have proved to be a vantage point for the customers. This implies that the small farmers who used to sell their product in the sabjimandis and on roadsides are going to lose a significant market share as they can't employ the two profit maximizes-economies of scale and economies of scope. Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for 14 to 15 percent of its GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be US$ 450 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. India is one of the fastest growing retail market in the world, with 1.2 billion people.

India's retailing industry is essentially owner manned small shops. In 2010, larger format convenience stores and supermarkets accounted for about 4 percent of the industry, and these were present only in large urban centers. India's retail and logistics industry employs about 40 million Indians (3.3% of Indian population). Until 2011, Indian central government denied foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, forbidding foreign groups from any ownership in supermarkets, convenience stores or any retail outlets. Even single-brand retail was limited to 51% ownership and a bureaucratic process. In November 2011, India's central government announced retail reforms for both multi-brand stores and single-brand stores. These market reforms paved the way for retail innovation and competition with multi-brand retailers such as Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco, as well single brand majors such as IKEA, Nike, and Apple. The announcement sparked intense activism, both in opposition and in support of the reforms. In December 2011, under pressure from the opposition, Indian government placed the retail reforms on hold till it reaches a consensus. In January 2012, India approved reforms for single-brand stores welcoming anyone in the world to innovate in Indian retail market with 100% ownership, but imposed the requirement that the single brand retailer source 30 percent of its goods from India. Indian government continues the hold on retail reforms for multi-brand stores. In June 2012, IKEA announced it has applied for permission to invest $1.9 billion in India and set up 25 retail stores. Fitch believes that the 30 percent

requirement is likely to significantly delay if not prevent most single brand majors from Europe, USA and Japan from opening stores and creating associated jobs in India. On 14 September 2012, the government of India announced the opening of FDI in multi-brand retail, subject to approvals by individual states. This decision has been welcomed by economists and the markets, however has caused protests and an upheaval in India's central government's political coalition structure. On 20 September 2012, the Government of India formally notified the FDI reforms for single and multi brand retail, thereby making it effective under Indian law.

Country India USA China Brazil

Retail Sector's share in GDP (in %) 10 10 8 6

Retail history

India has number of departmental stores. Being the seventh largest country in the world there are lot of companies like Big Bazaar, Shopper's Stop, Pantaloon, Ezone, Reliance Fresh and Dmart entering into retail. Small time department stores - or convenience stores as they are better known in most western countries - are also upcoming. Although these stores are much bigger in size than a usual-size convenience store in, lets say the US, they are much smaller than a regular-sized department store. Examples include Sabka Bazaar, Big Apple, Marks, Spencers and Dailymart Ramanujam Sridhar There is untapped, and bigger, potential beyond the new middle-class in this country. Big Bazaar has recognized this. Retail history: Big Bazaar made Rs 125 crore in total in a three-day sale across its outlets. (Above) A file picture of police trying to control the crowds at a Big Bazaar sale in Hyderabad last year. In the Sixties, an extremely humorous Tamil film titled Kathalikka Neramillai rocked Madras. The film, made by a famous director with the admirable name of Sridhar, had an interesting dialogue which went something like this: Nagesh in the movie is a guy who is mad about making films. His two sisters come for a break and he asks them what Tamil film they had seen recently. "We don't see Tamil pictures, we see only English pictures," they chorus proudly. To which Nagesh with his usual aplomb says, "Let my picture come, then all Englishmen will say that we don't see

English pictures, we see only Tamil pictures." To which his sisters say, "Then we will stop seeing films." More than the humour in the dialogue or the situation, to me it represents a state of mind that was certainly present then and is perhaps present even today. And that is a preference for things that are not made within the shores of this country - be it the language, the food, the clothes and manner of dressing, the brands and at times the strategy used to sell these brands as well. Then things changed. India opened up its economy to the rest of the world and a host of international brands came into the country. More bit the dust than hit the rooftops - our obsession with `value for money' and the right price-value equation was the key to success. People wanted brands but would not pay an arm and a leg to buy them. They would wait for the annual sale. Brands like Vivek's made the New Year Sales events customers wait for. Even traditionally dull months like Aadi in Tamil Nadu were turned into opportunities to sell. Of course, countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Dubai had their own version of sales. Yes, sales are here to stay it seems and brands will continue to milk them even as they try to ensure that there is no dilution in the brand's value. But one brand has taken this entire creation of an annual event and in making a property of it, to the next level. And that is Big Bazaar.

Sabse sasta

Last year, on January 26, I was in Delhi. And as I went for my early morning walk braving the cold, I saw something that one does not see often in a shopping centre. There was a long, winding queue of customers waiting for Big Bazaar to open. It reminded me of Traumata! The crowds were unprecedented and at times unmanageable. This year Big Bazaar had organized it much better. It had a sale for three days. And created retail history. Here are a few quick numbers. No less than 60 lakh visitors came to the Big Bazaars across the length and breadth of this country. The turnover? A whopping Rs 125 crore. Over one lakh bed sheets were sold. Not to forget 30,000 mobile phones. What staggering numbers! And yet, it must also be mentioned that every other retail format - Lifestyle, Globus, Westside - was offering 50 per cent discounts at the same time. It seems to have had a limited impact on Big Bazaar. Yet, I think it is worthwhile to go beyond the numbers and look at something equally more significant. Sabse achcha What does the future hold and what must marketers do? At the risk of repeating myself, I must say that we must move out of our own zones of comfort. We must continually monitor the consumer and not merely believe what we want to believe. The media is at best a poor indicator of the changes that are sweeping the country. We need to get a closer feel for the Indian consumer.

Biyani seems to have a great understanding of this emerging superpower. Take an objective look at costs and ruthlessly shave unwanted cost elements. Air Deccan's free seating ensures a much quicker turnaround of aircraft. See if you can create an event that is easily recognizable as yours. An event that becomes a part of your brand and furthers its success. Yes, India is rising in expectation and affluence. The uncomfortable question is: "Do we know this India?"

Retail industry in india

The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days and getting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected to grow at a pace of 25-30% annually. The India retail industry is expected to grow from ` 35,000 crore in 2004-05 to ` 109,000 crore by the year 2010.

In the Indian retailing industry, food is the most dominating sector and is growing at a rate of 9% annually. The branded food industry is trying to enter the India retail industry and convert Indian consumers to branded food. Since at present 60% of the Indian grocery basket consists of non- branded items. Growth of Indian Retail It is expected that by 2016 modern retail industry in India will be worth US$ 175- 200 billion. India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries with revenue expected in 2007 to amount US$ 320 billion and is increasing at a rate of 5% yearly. A further increase of 7-8% is expected in the industry of retail in India by growth in consumerism in urban areas, rising incomes, and a steep rise in rural consumption. It has further been predicted that the

retailing industry in India will amount to US$ 21.5 billion by 2010 from the current size of US$ 7.5 billion. According to the 8th Annual Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) of AT Kearney, India retail industry is the most promising emerging market for investment. In 2007, the retail trade in India had a share of 8-10% in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country. In 2009, it rose to 12%. It is also expected to reach 22% by 2010. According to a report by Northbride Capita, the India retail industry is expected to grow to US$ 700 billion by 2010. By the same time, the organized sector will be 20% of the total market share. It can be mentioned here that, the share of organized sector in 2007 was 7.5% of the total retail market.

Major Retailers in India

Pantaloon: Pantaloon is one of the biggest retailers in India with more than 450 stores across the country. Headquartered in Mumbai, it has more than 5 million sq. ft retail space located across the country. It's growing at an enviable pace and is expected to reach 30 million sq. ft by the year 2010. In 2001, Pantaloon launched country's first hypermarket Big Bazaar. It has the following retail segments:

Food & Grocery: Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar

Home Solutions: Hometown, Furniture Bazaar, Collection-i Consumer Electronics: e-zone Shoes: Shoe Factory Books, Music & Gifts: Depot Health & Beauty Care: Star, Sitara E-tailing: Futurebazaar.com Entertainment: Bowling Co.

Tata Group
Tata group is another major player in Indian retail industry with its subsidiary Trent, which operates Westside and Star India Bazaar. Established in 1998, it also acquired the largest book and music retailer in India Landmark in 2005. Trent owns over 4 lakh sq. ft retail space across the country. RPG Group RPG Group is one of the earlier entrants in the Indian retail market, when it came into food & grocery retailing in 1996 with its retail Foodworld stores. Later it also opened the pharmacy and beauty care outlets Health & Glow.

Reliance

Reliance is one of the biggest players in Indian retail industry. More than 300 Reliance Fresh stores and Reliance Mart are quite popular in the Indian retail market. It's expecting its sales to reach ` 90,000 crores by 2010.

AV Birla Group
AV Birla Group has a strong presence in Indian apparel retailing. The brands like Louis Phillipe, Allen Solly, Van Heusen, Peter England are quite popular. It's also investing in other segments of retail. It will invest ` 80009000 crores by 2010.

Retail formats in India

Hypermarts/supermarkets: large self-servicing outlets offering products from a variety of categories. Mom-and-pop stores: they are family owned business catering to small sections; they are individually handled retail outlets and have a personal touch. Departmental stores: are general retail merchandisers offering quality products and services. Convenience stores: are located in residential areas with slightly higher prices goods due to the convenience offered. Shopping malls: the biggest form of retail in India, malls offers customers a mix of all types of products and services including entertainment and food under a single roof.

E-trailers: are retailers providing online buying and selling of products and services. Discount stores: these are factory outlets that give discount on the MRP. Vending: it is a relatively new entry, in the retail sector. Here beverages, snacks and other small items can be bought via vending machine. Category killers: small specialty stores that offer a variety of categories. They are known as category killers as they focus on specific categories, such as electronics and sporting goods. This is also known as Multi Brand Outlets or MBO's. Specialty stores: are retail chains dealing in specific categories and provide deep assortment. Mumbai's Crossword Book Store and RPG's Music World are a couple of examples.

Challenges facing Indian retail industry

The tax structure in India favors small retail business Lack of adequate infrastructure facilities High cost of real estate Dissimilarity in consumer groups Restrictions in Foreign Direct Investment Shortage of retail study options

Shortage of trained manpower Low retail management skill

The Future
The retail industry in India is currently growing at a great pace and is expected to go up to US$ 833 billion by the year 2013. It is further expected to reach US$ 1.3 trillion by the year 2018 at a CAGR of 10%. As the country has got a high growth rates, the consumer spending has also gone up and is also expected to go up further in the future. In the last four year, the consumer spending in India climbed up to 75%. As a result, the India retail industry is expected to grow further in the future days. By the year 2013, the organized sector is also expected to grow at a CAGR of 40%. India retail industry is progressing well and for this to continue retailers as well as the Indian government will have to make a combined effort.

Retail Sector Growth In India

Growth after 2011 Before 2011, India had prevented innovation and organized competition in its consumer retail industry. Several studies claim that the lack of infrastructure and competitive retail industry is a key cause of India's persistently high inflation. Furthermore, because of unorganized retail, in a nation where malnutrition remains a serious problem, food waste is rife. Well over 30% of food staples and perishable goods produced in India spoils because poor infrastructure and small retail outlets prevent hygienic storage and movement of the goods from the farmer to the consumer.,, One report estimates the 2011 Indian retail market as generating sales of about $470 billion a year, of which a miniscule $27 billion comes from organized retail such as supermarkets, chain stores with centralized operations and shops in malls. The opening of retail industry to free market competition, some claim will enable rapid growth in retail sector of Indian economy. Others believe the growth of Indian retail industry will take time, with organized retail possibly needing a decade to grow to a 25% shar A 25% market share, given the expected growth of Indian retail industry through 2021, is estimated to be over $250 billion a year: a revenue equal to the 2009 revenue share from Japan for the world's 250 largest retailers., The Economist forecasts that Indian retail will nearly double in economic value, expanding by about $400 billion by 2020. The projected increase alone is equivalent to the current retail market size of France.

In 2011, food accounted for 70% of Indian retail, but was under-represented by organized retail. A.T. Kearney estimates India's organized retail had a 31% share in clothing and apparel, while the home supplies retail was growing between 20% to 30% per year. ]These data correspond to retail prospects prior to November announcement of the retail reform. The Indian market offers endless possibilities for investors.] It might be true that India has the largest number of shops per inhabitant. However we (locatus) have detailed figures for Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg. In Belgium, the number of outlets is approximately 8 per 1,000 and in the Netherlands it is 6. So the Indian number must be far higher.

Retail industry can be classified into two broad categories organized retail and unorganized retail.
1. Organised retail - Those traders/retailers who are licensed for trading

activities and registered to pay taxes to the government.

2. Unorganised retail It consists of unauthorized small shops -

conventional Kirana shops, general stores, corner shops among various other small retail outlets - but remain to be the radiating force of Indian retail industry.

Overview Retail industry, being the fifth largest in the world, is one of the sunrise sectors with huge growth potential and accounts for 14-15% of the countrys GDP. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, Indian retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. According to the Global Retail Development Index 2012, India ranks fifth among the top 30 emerging markets for retail. The recent announcement by the Indian government with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in retail, especially allowing 100% FDI in single brands and multi-brand FDI has created positive sentiments in the retail sector. Emerging Areas Some sectors that occupy a prominent position with the retail industry are: Apparel Retail: Everybody understands the impact of fashion and textiles on the environment. Almost $19.5 billion were spent on online apparel shopping in the year 2009 and increasing since then. Fashion & Lifestyle Retail: In India the vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are the key attractive forces for global retail giants wanting to enter into newer markets, which in turn will help the retail to grow faster. Food & Beverage Retail: Backed by huge potential and changing lifestyles, the food and beverage retail market is growing at a robust 30-35 per cent per year.

Pharmaceutical Retail: Driven by therapies like anti-diabetic, vitamin, anti-infectives and dermatology, it accounted for a robust 15% growth in 2011. E-commerce or E-tailing the next big revolution: With the advent of ecommerce in the retail industry, retail stores are facing stiff competition from e-stores. The rising demand for e-shopping has lead to a new debate cropping up in the world. Factors driving growth are:

Emergence of nuclear families Falling real estate prices Growing trend of double-income households Increase in disposable income and customer aspiration Increase in expenditure for luxury items Large working population Low share of organized retailing Growing liberalization of the FDI policy in the past decade

Skill sets required are: The industry employs a staggering number of people, and given its rapid proliferation, this number is always on the rise. The backbone of the sector are the operations and supply chain management jobs but there are various other options as well, from sales executives and store managers to merchandise planners and buyers.

Conceptual understanding

Analytical skills Detail-orientation Fair understanding of customers psychology Observations skills Project Management Operational Skills In-depth product knowledge

Bottlenecks

A long way to meet international standards Lack of efficient supply-chain management Lack of required retail space No fixed consumption pattern Shortage of trained manpower Lack of proper infrastructure and distribution channels

Ratings agency Fitch has assigned a stable outlook to the retail sector for 2012 as factors like expected sales, growth-driven expansion and efficient working capital management are likely to benefit retail companies.

Indian retail sector to double in 5 years

Yet due to a growth kirana and in to the retail market, neighbourhood ignore remain unimpacted. and the

Retailers focus more on opening stores rather and sourcing supply chain aspirations of each consumer segment.

Due to the rapid growth of the retail sector in India since the 1990s, the future of the $372 billion retail industry is set to double in just five years according to management consultancy Technopak. And yet, Purnendu Kumar of Technopak says, that with retail market growing at a fast pace, modern retail alone wont be able to cater to the growing needs of the consumer. Currently, India has more than 12 million kiranas growing at 5-6% annually. Thus according to the study Neighbourhood kiranas are not likely to be impacted by the rise of the modern retail.

As incomes increase, Indians are likely to spend more. The expenditure on food and groceries has declined consistently from 40% in 2003 to 36% in 2008. In 2013 this could further decrease to 32%. The expenditure on eating out, entertainment, and tourism is on the rise, Purnendu Kumar of Technopak said. In India modern retail, still considered in its nascent stages, has had difficulty in working out a format for the consumer. Retailers focused more on opening stores rather and ignored sourcing and supply chain and the aspirations of each consumer segment, Kumar added. Those who focused on the front-end were in trouble as they werent driven by profitability but by the number of stores they could open. Many retailers expanded rapidly without the right amount of capital in place. It takes 2-3 years for one store to break even and 6-7 years for the business to break even, says Kumar.

Contribution of Indian Retail Industry

Contribution of Retail: Contribution of Retail: What, How and In this report we have analyzed in detail the retail industry in India. We had initially started with the evolution of the retail sector in India, then moved onto its size, distribution and the growth of the retail sector. We have also covered issues like the Foreign Direct Investment in the retail sector, the untapped opportunities that exist in the retail industry in India. We have also discussed about the bottlenecks that the retail industry is facing in India, online retailing in India and the role of Information Technology in the retail sector in India. Major Findings 1. The Retail Sector in India can be split up into two, the organised and the unorganized. The organized sector whose size is expected to triple by 2010 can be further split up into departmental stores, supermarkets, shopping malls etc. 2. In terms of value the size of the retail sector in India is $300 billion. The organised sector contributes about 4.6% to the total trade. 3. The retail sector in India contributes 10% to the Gross Domestic Product and 8% to the employment of the country.

4. In terms of growth the FMCG retail sector is the fastest growing unit and the retail relating to household care, confectionery etc, have lagged behind . 5. The foreign retail giants were initially restricted from making investments in India. But now FDI of 51% is permitted in India only through single branded retail outlets. Multi brand outlets are still beyond their reach. Again they can only enter the market through franchisees,. This was how Wal-Mart had entered joining hands with Bharati Enterprises. 6. On line retailing is still to leave a mark on the customers due to lacunae that we have already mentioned. In this section we have coined down the major findings of our research. Major Findings 1. The Retail Sector in India can be split up into two, the organised and the unorganized. The organized sector whose size is expected to triple by 2010 can be further split up into departmental stores, supermarkets, shopping malls organised sector contributes about 4.6% to the total trade. 3. The retail sector in India contributes 10% to the Gross Domestic Product and 8% to the employment of the country. 4. In terms of growth the FMCG retail sector is the fastest growing unit and the retail relating to household care, confectionery etc, have lagged behind . 5. The foreign retail giants were initially restricted from making investments in India. But now FDI of 51% is permitted in India only through single etc. 2. In terms of value the size of the retail sector in India is $300 billion. The

branded retail outlets. Multi brand outlets are still beyond their reach. Again they can only enter the market through franchisees,. This was how Wal-Mart had entered joining hands with Bharati Enterprises. 6. On line retailing is still to leave a mark on the customers due to lacunae that we have already mentioned. Indian Retail: Past Vs Present It is widely accepted that the retail industry has undergone a drastic change in last five years and there is yet more to come. Let us compare the image of Indian retailing in 2004-05 to that of its status in 2007-08 in the following table:

Magnification of the Indian Retail Industry Yardstick Situation in 0405 Situation 07-08 Value of retail sales Rs. 10,20,000 crore Rs 12,00,000 crore Annual growth rate 5% 5.7% Value of organized market

Rs 35,000 crore Rs 55,000 crore Share of organized market in the sector 3.4% 4.6% Forecasts (after 5 years) about size of organized retail market Over Rs. 1,00,000 crore Rs. 2,00,000 crore Forecasts about growth rate of organized retail market Around 30% Around 40% The above table clearly shows that the retail market as well as the mindset required for it has experienced a thorough revisal in the last three years. This is just the beginning and Indians are sanguine that the sector will see rosy days in the future. This confidence has helped India acquire the No.1 position among 30 most attractive retailing destinations in the world according to the Global Retail Development Index of 2005 (by AT Kearney, India). Among emerging markets, India holds the second position after China in the list of most favored retail destinations.

The retail industry employs a huge share of the total workforce in India. It is the second largest employer after India. Presently 7 percent of the total labor force is employed in the retail sector. According to available data it is also the largest employer in the services sector and maximum growth in the nonagricultural sector has been witnessed by retail trade. According to market analysts 300 new malls, 1,500 supermarkets and 325 departmental stores are going to come up in India in the next few days. The shopping revolution that has led to this retail boom is going to continue and this is a good news for the government as well as those who wish to work in the organized sector. Contribution of FDI in Retailing Permitting Foreign Direct Investment in the retailing sector can have immense benefits. It can generate huge employment for the semi-skilled as well as illiterate population which otherwise can't be employed in the already confined rural and organized sector. The retail sector is highly dependent on the rural sector. Thus it can facilitate the improvement of the standard of living of farmers by purchasing commodities at a reasonable cost. It also stems out an indirect employment generation channel by training and employing people in the transportation and distribution sectors such as drivers, mechanics etc. It is also evident that real estate is a genuine challenge for organized retailing. Traditional retailers can use this situation in their favor by taking franchisees of the mega players of this industry. On the other hand, the consumer gains from the wide variety of choices and a more diversified basket of prices available under one roof. Secondly the indirect benefits like better roads, online marketing, expansion of telecom sector etc. will give a 'big push' to other sectors including the rural one itself. Last but not the least the huge tax revenue generated from these retail

biggies and collected in government coffers will gradually wipe out the ugly looking fiscal and revenue deficits. Besides the transaction in foreign currencies by these MNCs will create a balance in exchange rate and will bring in stable funds in the economy as opposed to FII's hot money. This will in turn act as a boost to the developing (or 'transforming', as suggested by the USAID) economy of India. The phobias relating to FDI in the retail sector are unfounded as neither the retailing sector in India is an infant industry, nor it can outweigh the paramount local tastes and preferences. Let's pray that the retail sector like the IT and manufacturing sector brings happiness in the eyes of the people and help remove the regional and classbased disparities.

Conclusion on retail industry in India

What, how and In this report we have analyzed in detail the retail industry in India. We had initially started with the evolution of the retail sector in India, then moved onto its size, distribution and the growth of the retail sector. We have also covered issues like the Foreign Direct Investment in the retail sector, the untapped opportunities that exist in the retail industry in India. We have also discussed about the bottlenecks that the retail industry is facing in India, online retailing in India and the role of Information Technology in the retail sector in India. In this section we have coined down the major findings of our research. Major Findings (1). The Retail Sector in India can be split up into two, the organised and the unorganized. The organized sector whose size is expected to triple by 2010 can be further split up into departmental stores, supermarkets, shopping malls etc. (2). In terms of value the size of the retail sector in India is $300 billion. The organised sector contributes about 4.6% to the total trade. (3). The retail sector in India contributes 10% to the Gross Domestic Product and 8% to the employment of the country. (4). In terms of growth the FMCG retail sector is the fastest growing unit and the retail relating to household care, confectionery etc, have lagged behind .

(5). The foreign retail giants were initially restricted from making investments in India. But now FDI of 51% is permitted in India only through single branded retail outlets. Multi brand outlets are still beyond their reach. Again they can only enter the market through franchisees,. This was how Wal-Mart had entered joining hands with Bharati Enterprises. (6). On line retailing is still to leave a mark on the customers due to lacunae that we have already mentioned. In a nutshell we may conclude that the retail industry in India has a very bright future prospect. It is expected to enrich the Indian Economy in terms of income and employment generation.

Type Industry Founded

Public Retailing 2001

Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Products Revenue Employees Parent Divisions Website Department store Rs 6000 crores (in 2011) (Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar combined) ~ 36000 people [1] Future Group ~ 214 [http://www.bigbazaar.com

Big Bazaar is a chain of hypermarket in India. As of June 2, 2012 there are 214 stores across 90 cities and towns in India covering around 16 million sq.ft. of retail space. Big Bazaar is designed as an agglomeration of bazaars or Indian markets with clusters offering a wide range of merchandise

including fashion and apparels, food products, general merchandise, furniture, electronics, books, fast food and leisure and entertainment sections. Big Bazaar is part of Future Group, which also owns the Central Hypermarket, Brand Factory, Pantaloons, eZONE, HomeTown, futurebazaar.com, KB's Fair Price to name a few and is owned through a wholly owned subsidiary of Pantaloon Retail India Limited (BSE: 523574 523574), that is listed on Indian stock exchanges. History Big Bazaar was launched in September, 2001 with the opening of its first four stores in Calcutta, Indore, Bangalore and Hyderabad in 22 days. Within a span of ten years, there are now 161 Big Bazaar stores in 90 cities and towns across India. By September 2012 BIG BAZAAR will have two more stores in North east namely SILCHAR and JORHAT in Assam. Big Bazaar was started by Kishore Biyani, the Group CEO and Managing Director of Pantaloon Retail India. Though Big Bazaar was launched purely as a fashion format including apparel, cosmetics, accessory and general merchandise, over the years Big Bazaar has included a wide range of products and service offerings under their retail chain. The current formats includes Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar, Electronic Bazaar and Furniture Bazaar. The inspiration behind this entire retail format was from Saravana Stores, a local store in T. Nagar, Chennai The stores are customized to provide the feel of mandis and melas. [ while offering the modern retail features like Quality, Choice and Convenience. As

the modern Indian family's favorite retail store, Big Bazaar is popularly known as the "Indian Walmart". On successful completion of ten years in Indian retail industry, in 2011, Big Bazaar has come up a new logo with a new tag line: Naye India Ka Bazaar, replacing the earlier one: 'Isse Sasta Aur Accha Kahin Nahin'. Operations

The Big Bazaar Store in Nagpur. Most Big Bazaar stores are multi-level and are located in stand-alone buildings in city centers as well as within shopping malls. These stores offer over 200,000 SKUs in a wide range of categories led primarily by fashion and food products. Food Bazaar, a supermarket format was incorporated within Big Bazaar in 2002 and is now present within every Big Bazaar as well as in independent locations. A typical Big Bazaar is spread across around 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of retail space. While the larger metropolises have Big Bazaar Family centres measuring between 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) and 160,000 square feet (15,000 m2), Big Bazaar Express stores in smaller towns measure around 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2).

Big Bazaar has the facility to purchase products online through its official web page, and offers free shipping on some of their products

MILESTONES
It has been a remarkable journey for Future Group as its evolved ram a manufacturing to

a completely integrates player controlling the entire value chain. During its evolution the company achieved various milestone and demonstrated Innovativeness and leadership by pioneering concept that has now become industry Standards. Some of the major milestone achieved by the company in its life span of 14 year is enumerated below. 1987: Company incorporates as Manz Wear Private Limited. Launch of Pantaloon Trouser, Indias first formal trouser brand. 1991: Launch of BARE, the Indian jeans brand. 1992: Initial public offer (IPO) was made in the month of May. 1994: The PANTALOON SHOPPE- Exclusive menswear store in franchisee format Launcher. Across the nation. The company starts the distribution of branded garments through multi-Brand Retail outlets across the nation. 1995: John Miller Formal shirt brand launched. 1997: Pantaloons Indias family store launched in Kolkata. 2001: Big Bazaar Is se sasta aur accha kahi nahin-Indias first hypermarket chain launched.

Three Big Bazaar stores launched within a span of 22 days in Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad 2002: Food Bazaar Wholesale prices the supermarket chain is launched. Big Bazaar - ICICI Bank Card is launched. Food Bazaar becomes part of Big Bazaar with the launch of the first store in Mumbai at High Street Phoe 2003

Big Bazaar enters Tier II cities with the launch of the store in Nagpur Big Bazaar welcomes its 10 million-th customer at its new store in Gurgaon

2004: Central Shop Eat Celebrate in the heart of our city-Indias first seamless mall is launched in Bangalore.

Big Bazaar wins its first award and national recognition. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar awarded the countrys most admired retailer award in value retailing and food retailing segment at the India Retail Forum A day before Diwali, the store at Lower Parel becomes the first to touch Rs 10 million turnover on a single day

2005: Fashion Station Fashion Ka Big Bazaar-the popular fashion chain is launched.

Initiates the implementation of SAP and pilots a RFID project at its central warehouse in Tarapur Launches a unique shopping program: the Big Bazaar Exchange Offer, inviting customers to exchange household junk at Big Bazaar Electronic Bazaar and Furniture Bazaar are launched

Big Bazaar and ICICI Bank launched ICICI Bank-Big Bazaar Gold credit card program to reward its loyal customers.

2006 Future Capital Holding, the companys financial arm launched real estate fund Kshitij and Horizon and private equity fund Indivision.

Mohan Jadhav sets a national record at Big Bazaar Sangli with a Rs 1,37,367 shopping bill. The Sangli farmer becomes Big Bazaars largest ever customer. Big Bazaar launches Shakti, Indias first credit card program tailored for housewives Navaras the jewellery store launched within Big Bazaar stores

2007

The 50th Big Bazaar store is launched in Kanpur Big Bazaar partners with Futurebazaar.com to launch India's most popular shopping portal Big Bazaar initiates the "Power of One" campaign to help raise funds for the Save The Children India Fund Pantaloon Retail wins the International Retailer of the Year at USbased National Retail Federation convention in New York and Emerging Retailer of the Year award at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona.

2008

Big Bazaar becomes the fastest growing hypermarket format in the world with the launch of its 101st store within 7 years of launch

Big Bazaar dons a new look with a fresh new section, Fashion@Big Bazaar Big Bazaar joins the league of Indias Business Super brands. It is voted among the top ten service brands in the country in the latest Pitch-IMRB international survey Big Bazaar initiated the Mega Saving "Monthly Bachat Bazaar" campaign, to provide exceptional deals on groceries and food items during the first week of every month.

2009

Big Bazaar opens its second store in Assam at Tinsukia Big Bazaar initiates Maha Annasantarpane program at its stores in South India a unique initiative to offer meals to visitors and support local social organizations Big Bazaar captures almost one-third share in food and grocery products sold through modern retail in India Mahendra Singh Dhoni and Asin, youth icons of India, were chosen as the brand ambassadors of Big Bazaar Big Bazaar announced the launch of 'The Great Exchange Offer' Formed a joint venture with Hidesign to launch Holii, a new brand of handbags, laptop bags and other accessories.

2010

Future Value Retail Limited is formed as a specialized subsidiary to spearhead the groups value retail business through Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar and other formats. Big Bazaar wins CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards for the third consecutive year. Adjudged the Most Preferred Multi Brand Food &

Beverage Chain, Most Preferred Multi Brand Retail Outlet and Most Preferred Multi Brand One Stop Shop

Big Bazaar connects over 30,000 small and medium Indian manufacturers and entrepreneurs with around 200 million customers visiting its stores Big Bazaar opens its third store in Kanpur at Z Square Mall Big Bazaar opens its fourth store in Kanpur at Jajmau which is the largest leather tannery garrison of Asia Vidya Balan was chosen as the brand ambassador of Big Bazaar's Price Challenge exercise Ranked 6 among the Top 50 Service Brands in India.[10]

2011

Big Bazaar forays into the rural wholesale and distribution business through Aadhaar Wholesale store at Kalol, Gujarat. Big Bazaar has come up a new logo with a new tag line: Naye India Ka Bazaar.[11] 200th store opened in India [12] Future Group has launched its latest venture, Foodhall a premium food destination across 10 metros in India [13] For the convenience of the online customers, Big Bazaar has started free shipping on all orders above Rs. 1000 [14] Entered into an agreement with Hindustan Unilever to co-develop and co-brand bakery products, which would be sold exclusively at Big Bazaar stores.[15]

2012

Big Bazaar entered into a five year multi-million dollar deal with Cognizant Technology Solutions for IT infrastructure services that support Future Group's network of stores, warehouses, offices, and data centers.[16] Partnered with Disney to launch "Kidz Cookies", exclusively for kids across India.[17] Big Bazaar is planning to add further value to its retail services by offering Value added services like grinding, de-seeding, vegetables cutting at free of cost

Big Bazaar Parent Company Category Sector Tagline/ Slogan Future Group Retail Lifestyle and retail Is se sasta aur accha kahi nahi!

USP

Affordable lifestyle STP

Segment Target Group Positioning

Price sensitive group Upper middle class and lower middle class Family favourite retail store SWOT Analysis 1. Affordability for middle class 2. Quality,choice and convenience 3. Wide range of products and service offerings 4. Strong presence in local market 5. Attractive promotional offers 6. Large no. SKU provided to consumer

Strength

7. Good branding and advertising by also roping in celebrity brand ambassadors 1. Not known globally and restricted to the Indian market only 2.No different game plan according to divergent people, their lifestyles, their tastes and budgets in India 1. To expand globally by tie-ups 2. Entering into high premium segment 3.Opportunity to expand into financial services catering to huge segment

Weakness

Opportunity

4. Increased rural penetration 1.Competitors global presence 2. Future bazaar under debt can cause financial problems 3.Low priced brand perceived to be of low quality in Indian consumer minds

Threats

Competition 1. Reliance retail 2. Lifestyle Retail 3.Aditya Birla More Competitors 4. Shoppers stops

Foreign investment will play a bigger role in retailing

The opening of the retail sector to foreign direct investment (FDI) a policy change that would alter radically the face of the Indian economy - is happening slowly. Since February 2005 the government has taken several liberalizing step, but it continues to disallow FDI by retailers of multiple brand, keeping out the big hypermarket groups and discounters .this is a carefully crafted decision designed to cause minimum political damage domestically, while showing foreign investors that liberalization remains on track. Foreign firms will continue to lobby for liberalization and have cited the restriction on FDI as a factor limiting future growth .Their options should multiply as food imports are liberalized and import duties come down. The government will also need to reform real-estate laws are restructure tax regimes further if it is to attract international retailers.

Developing and implementing a merchandise plan is a key in a retail strategy. to succeed, a firm must have the proper assortment of good and services when they are in demand and sell them in a manner consistent with its overall strategy . Merchandising consists of the activates involved in acquiring particular good and/ or services and making them available at place, time, and prices and in the quantity that enable a retailer to reach its goals. For virtually, merchandising decision dramatically affect performance: why Do investment in merchandise skills and talent often produce better returns then investment in technology or other skill specialties? In retailing organization, merchandisers in a critical role because they are responsible for bringing to market the products that will excite and please target consumers. Rarely is there a situation, as with retail merchandising, where so few individuals drive so many decisions and outcomes. A small fraction of the employ population control as much as 70 to 80% of a firms density. Retailed may be called on to place multi million$ bet at time, even 100 million or billion$ wagers

The merchandise philosophy is a reflection of the retailers target market, which is nothing but the customer segment that he wishes to cater to. Keeping this target market in mind, the retailer has to evolve a strategy for store location, pricing and the product assortment that he is going to offer to the customer. The field of merchandising has evolved over the years, in lines with the changes occurring in retail. The enlightened and knowledgeable consumer seeks product that suit his requirements, and is most often, willing to pay the required price. Products have also evolved to suit the lifestyles of the customer. The success of any retail operation in largely based on the retailers ability to provide the right goods to the consumer at the right place and at the right time. It is for this reason that the function of merchandising plays a key role in retail management. When you study merchandising in the technical or overall context of retail management, you learn about assortment planning and many other aspects of merchandising activity that go into planning and implementing merchandisebased decisions.

. Recognize the key differences between merchandise as products, and merchandise as a visual appeal aspect of retail execution. . Describe merchandise as an activity. . Explain visual appeal and packaging concepts. . Explain what market presence means. . Elaborate on the key aspects of market presence in modern retail. . Explain the six features of in-store merchandising. . Bring out the importance of store atmospherics. . Mention the components of store exterior atmospherics. . Describe store interior atmospherics and its components. . List out the various elements of in-store mood builders. . Describe merchandise planning elements. . Explain how merchandise strategy is development. . Explain the concept of category Management. . Describe the overall approach to merchandise planning in retail. . Explain the merchandise planning execution process. . Describe the role of merchandise and buyer. . Explain how merchandise performance is measured.

A situation where the flow of data between activities is not accompanied by the flow of control. A Connector drawn with a dotted line with a Phi between activities represents Data Flow Only. A Phi is required for Data FloProcess: Merchandise management
Flow.

Objective

Create, load, and manage the set of products for businesses to operate online stores. Description Businesses need to manage a catalog over its life cycle and consider the following elements: Catalog design Design the catalog structure or taxonomy for which to describe and enter products in the catalog. Catalog load Load the product information, either manually or using automation, into the catalog based on the defined taxonomy. Merchandising Add merchandising constructs such as associations, kits, guided sales techniques, and sales catalogs, to promote the sale of products to the customer. Catalog maintenance Product management will continue to evolve the catalog. New products are introduced, old, obsolete products are discontinued, product information is often revised, and prices from suppliers may change frequently. Catalog maintenance may involve the first three steps as product additions and deletions may cause the catalog to be redesigned and loaded again. Catalog syndication Businesses may publish the catalog or a subset of the catalog externally to third parties or onto other media. Online sales catalog

The catalog containing product content and business logic to display products and categories to customers. This includes associating display pages and assigning prices to the products.

Objective Create merchandising constructs that enable businesses to better promote products and categories to their customers. Description A Product Manager must plan for methods to promote products to their customers. Web Sphere Commerce supports the following merchandising concepts that may be used within JSP files:

Static merchandising associations that allow one product or category to naturally promote other products or categories to customers. This type of merchandising includes

Cross-sells: A generic promotional relationship between a product, SKU or category to another product, SKU or category. For example, item is a cross-sell to item as purchasers of one often purchase the other. Up-sells: A relationship between a product or category to a similar or like product or category which is generally more upscale in terms of price, features, quality, and so on. For example, the 15 inch monitor has an up-sell relationship to the 17 inch monitor with speakers. Accessories: A relationship between a product or category to a product or category viewed as complementary. For example, the flashlight has an accessory relationship to D batteries.

Replacement: A relationship between a products meant to replace an existing product. A new product will replace one that is being discontinued.

Shopping metaphors to provide assistance to customers in selecting their products from the catalog. Web Sphere Commerce supports three different paradigms

Product Exploration: A parametric search within a category where possible ranges of values for attributes of SKUs are selected by the customer in order to reduce the list of products to display. Product Comparison: A view of multiple selected SKUs in a form such that the values of each attribute are displayed for comparison. Sales Assistant: A guided sell approach in which a list of SKUs are returned based on the customers answers to a set of presented questions.

Features

Nested shopping metaphors in which a Sales Assistant or Product Exploration can be displayed with the Product Comparison metaphor. Sequencing merchandising associations between source and target products or categories. Specify associations with quantities of the target.

Customization

Extendible

merchandising

associations

for

other

type

of

associations, such as Down-sell, Alternative, Substitute. A new type can be introduced to the database and data beans.

Accepted order list A list of orders that have been submitted and have payment information created. They may or may not have a payment authorization at this point. Active auto bid The auto bid (automatic bid) is active and will create bid for an Open Cry auction on behalf of customer. Active bid The bid is active. Active contract An active contract is one that was deployed successfully and purchases can be made against the contract. If the expiry date for a contract has passed, the contract still remains in the active state until it is canceled. Contracts enable a customer organization to purchase products from a store or a group of stores at a specified price for a specified period of time under specific conditions. Web Sphere Commerce provides the ability to record and deploy contracts that have been negotiated. A contract consists of the following elements: Profile The contract profile contains the identifying information for the

contract. This information includes a unique name for the contract, a short description, and a time period during which the contract Participants Contract participants are the organizations or member groups that are entitled to the contract. There is a Buyer participant, a Seller participant and contacts Terms for each and participant organization. is valid.

conditions

Contract terms and conditions are the rules that cover the actual implementation of the contract. Contract terms and conditions cover such information as product pricing, returns and refunds, payment, Attachments Contract attachments cover any information not covered by the previous elements such as file attachments that provide additional information about the contract and any general remarks about the contract. Web Sphere Commerce stores Universal Resource Identifiers (Uris) for contract attachments, not the actual attachments. All contracts are associated with business accounts. Active RFQ request The RFQ request has been submitted and the seller can respond to it. Active RFQ response shipping, and order approval.

The RFQ response has been submitted, approved if appropriate, and is available for evaluation by the buyer. If approvals have been enabled, the response goes to the approver rather than directly to the buyer. If the approver approves the response, it is submitted to the buying organization. Ad copy An ad copy represents a set of marketing data to be shown to customers in an e-mail or in the Web site through an activity. The data may include the following: image, flash, URL link (click action), and marketing text (may include HTML tags).

Address book An address book is a set of addresses of the customer. The addresses can be used for billing and shipping. Adjustment code The adjustment code to be recorded as the reason for the inventory adjustment. Note: This is not used or required. Allocated line item(s) Order line items that have been allocated from existing (instock) inventory. Allocated order An order with all its order line items allocated from existing (instock) inventory.

Answer Solution to customer's request in plain text format. Approval pending RFQ response Approvals have been enabled and an approver is reviewing the RFQ response. Approval required notification A notification by e-mail or some other means to a Sales Manager that a contract has been submitted for approval and needs to be reviewed. Approved Buyer An approved merchant can logon and access the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details.

Approved buyer admin An approved seller can logon and use the supplier store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved Buyer Administrator

An approved merchant can logon and access the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved contract If the designated approvers for the contract decides a contract is complete and acceptable, they can move the contract into the approved state. Web Sphere Commerce will automatically attempt to deploy an approved contract. Approved Customer An approved user can logon and shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved merchant An approved merchant can logon and access the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved order An order that has been approved by the Buyer Approver. Approved organization An approved merchant can logon and access the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details.

Approved payment A payment that has been approved, which can also be called "authorized." Approved registration notification A notification is sent to the customer when their notification has been approved. See 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved reseller An approved merchant can logon and access the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved Seller An approved seller can logon and use the supplier store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved supplier An approved supplier can logon and access the supplier hub. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Approved user A user who has been approved to use the store. Approved User Registration Notification

An email received by a user indicating that they have been approved to use the store. Auction discussion message Discussion message about the auction. Discussion messages are posted to a discussion forum. The forum enables auction administrators to view and respond to messages from customers. Auction discussion messages can

provide information such as the following: product details, auction rule details, announcements of future auctions. Auction started notification Informs customers who have included this auction in their gallery that the auction has started. Auction style template Auction styles are templates that automatically complete fields for you. For example, perhaps you schedule Open Cry auctions and always use non-discriminative pricing. An auction style can complete the appropriate fields for the auction type and pricing mechanism, saving you the trouble of selecting these fields for each auction. Authorization A single payment authorization.

Authorization amount An amount of a payment authorization. Backordered order An order that has at least one order line that is backordered. Backordered order list A list orders that are backordered. Batch A payment batch is a grouping of captured payments and issued credits that will be treates as an entity and settled via a backend system or payment processor. Batch availability request XML document that contains a request for inventory availability updates. The request consists of list of line items defined as follows: private ----The ----quotation additional global distributor unit request message information user store allowed String line product product of also identifier identifier; measure contains: identifier indicator credentials identifier currency = null; number

---

quotation

contract quotation

identifier type

-- display sequence Batch availability response The inventory availability response contains the following data: -fulfillment center identifier (fulfillment location) -- A list of specified items. For each specified item find out the following: --- The member identifier and part number of the specified item ----The external Outmode Quantity for quantity (optional) available

--- Restock date (optional) Batch expected availability request The inventory availability response contains the following data: -fulfillment center identifier (fulfillment location) -- A list of specified items. For each specified item find out the following: --- The member identifier and part number of the specified item ------Restock The external Outmode Quantity date for quantity (optional) available (optional)

Bid control rule

Bid rules determine how bidding is allowed to proceed for Open Cry and Sealed Bid auctions. Bid rules describe the minimum bid price, quantity, and bid increment. Bid override notification Informs a customer that a higher bid has been placed. Bidding closed auction The auction is closed and no more bids are accepted. Business account Business accounts represent the relationship between a store and the store's customer organizations and are the starting point for managing business relationships. Using business accounts, you can track contracts and orders for customer organizations and configure how Buyers from customer organizations shop in a store. A business account contains the following information about within a that customer organization. organization: -- The name of the customer organization and a contact person

-- The department and name of the Account Representative from the store assigned to the customer organization. -- Information about purchase orders a customer organization has organization. with a store. -- Information on how invoices are delivered to the customer

-- Whether or not the customer organization has a credit line. -- Any display customization information for the business customer. Store pages can be customized for a business account by specifying a piece of HTML code that can be used by a store's JSP -Any general remarks Also, business accounts files. about the business account. by control customer entitlement

controlling the ability of Buyers from customer organizations to access a store's master catalog and see standard pricing for products contained in the master catalog. If a customer organization is not entitled to purchase products in the store's master catalog at standard prices, they are limited to products and prices covered by contracts the customer organization has with a store. Business account analysis data A report containing information about a business account including number of orders, products purchased, and so on. Buyer organization Buyer Organization. See 'Buyer' and 'Organization' in the online help for more details. Buyer purchase orders Web Sphere Commerce provides the ability for you to track and authorize customer purchase order numbers. If a business account includes any purchase order terms and conditions and a contract specifies the use of that account, all purchases under the contract must specify a purchase order number defined with

the account. A single purchase order number can then be used for payment authorization. Purchase order numbers are specified

when the customer places an order. Purchase order numbers can be specified for three different types of purchase orders: -Blanket purchase orders Used for an unlimited number of orders. Blanket purchase order numbers that will be accepted when placing an order must be specified in the business account before Buyers attempt to specify -a blanket purchase purchase order number. orders Limited

Used for orders where the total amount of all orders made specifying the limited purchase order number does not exceed a spending limit. The spending limit for a limited purchase order is recorded and used to validate orders that specify a limited purchase order number to ensure the spending limit is not exceeded. Limited purchase order numbers that will be accepted when placing an order must be specified in the business account before Buyers attempt to specify a limited purchase order number. -Individual purchase orders Used for one order and acceptable purchase order numbers are not predefined. You can specify that customer under an account must use a unique purchase order number for each order placed on behalf of a business account. If you do not require a unique purchase order number for each order for the account, then those customers may reuse purchase order numbers.

Blanket

and

limited

purchase

orders

are

also

known

as

predefined purchase orders because purchase order numbers for these types of purchase order must be defined in the business account before Buyers can use the purchase order numbers when making a purchase. Purchase order numbers can be tracked and authorized for any payment method supported by Web Sphere Commerce, including credit line. Canceled contract A contract which is no longer required is moved into canceled state. A contract may be canceled because it has been rejected and it has been decided not to continue working on that contract. A canceled contract is a contract that is no longer in use, but is left in the database for reference.

Canceled order An order that was canceled as a result of being rejected by the Buyer Approver. Canceled payment A payment that has been canceled. This is a terminal state. Cancelled RFQ response The seller has decided not to send this RFQ response to the buyer. Cancelled scheduled order

An order that was previously scheduled, but that has now been cancelled. Catalog The sales catalog allows the customers to browse for products. Formerly known as a navigational catalog, it is a hierarchical map of categories with products, SKUs and kits. A store may have multiple sales catalogs and each is organized for display to the customers, usually for merchandising purposes. The sales catalog may have products assigned to multiple categories and a category may have more than one parent to form a map rather than a tree. Catalog in XML A Master Catalog or Sales Catalog, in whole or in part, defined in an XML format specified by the Product Manager or merchandising manager. Catalog Item An item that is in the catalog. In the context of returns, it is an ad-hoc item, i.e. one that is returned without reference to a previously placed order.

Classification The Product Manager or Category Manager must understand the products they will be selling and plan how they will be organized. Their decision on the classification used to organize products

within a hierarchical tree of categories is usually based on one or a -they combination Product are classification and by of (industry the the standard they or following: custom possess.

classification): products are strictly organized based on what attributes -- Supplier provided classification: as some businesses may have a limited number of suppliers, managing products based on the categorization provided by their supplier can be more efficient than mapping the categorization to another classification scheme. -- Business policy classification: some businesses may manage their catalog based on their own business policies (such as brand names, manufacturers, or business rules) and will organize their catalog to reflect their business policies.

Cleansed product data Product information that has undergone cleansing, normalization and rationalization such that products are described consistently. Clickstream analysis reports A set of business intelligence reports focusing on clickstream analysis from Tivoli Web Site Analyzer data. Closed batch A payment batch that has been settled. Closed contract

When a revised version of a contract is deployed, then the current active version of the contract is moved into closed state. The contract remains in the

system for reporting and to fulfill orders in progress. An active, suspended, or approved contract goes to the closed state automatically when a new version of the contract has been approved. Creating a new version of a contract creates a copy of the contract and places the copy of the contract in the draft state. Closed return request A return request that has been closed. Closed RFQ request The RFQ is closed and no more responses are being accepted by the RFQ owner. Closed store A closed store is one that is unavailable to customers to enter, browse the catalog, and purchase products. The store owner can update the store data using the Web Sphere Commerce Accelerator, and may enter the store to test the modifications. When the modifications are complete, the store owner can open the store to make the store available to customers. Closed stores report

A report about stores that have been in the closed state for a certain period of time. Completed order An order that has its payment captured. The order has now been fulfilled and the money captured. The financial transfer at the financial institution may not yet have happened. . Order pick history A history of items that have been picked. Order releases Releases associated with an order; a release is defined as a group of one or more items that will ship together Order requiring approval An order that requires approval from the Buyer Approver. Order ship history A history of items that have been released to fulfillment. Order status The parameters listed below correspond to columns in the ORDSTAT table. -- ordered (Integer): Web Sphere Commerce order reference number as defined in the ORDERS_ID column in table ORDSTAT. This is a foreign key that references column ORDERS_ID in the ORDERS -MerchantOrderNumber table. (String, mandatory):

Order number generated in the backend system as defined in the OSMORDER column. -- Currency (String): The ISO 4217 currency type in which the price is expressed as defined in the OSCPCUR column. -- price Total (Big Decimal(20,4)): The total product price for the order defined for the as defined in order as the defined in the OSPRTOT column. column. column. -- tax Total (Big Decimal(20,4)): The total tax for the order as OSTXTOT in the -- shipping Total (Big Decimal (20,4)): The total shipping charge OSSHTOT -- ShipingTaxTotal (Big Decimal(20,4)): The total tax on shipping charge for the order as defined in the OSSHTXTOT column. -- Order Status (String): The status of the order as defined in the OSSTATUS

column. -- PlaceDateTime (Timestamp): The date that the order is actually placed as defined in the OSPLTIME column. -- RequestShipDateTime (Timestamp): The date that the order is requested to be shipped as defined in the OSRSTIME column. -- ScheduleShipDateTime (Timestamp): The date that the order is scheduled to be shipped as defined in the OSSSTIME column. -- ActualShipDateTime (Timestamp): The date that the order is actually invoiced shipped as as defined in in the the OSASTIME column. column. -- InvoiceDateTime (Timestamp): The date that the order is defined OSINVTIME -- invoice Value (Big Decimal(20,4)): The net value that the

order is invoiced as defined in the OSINVVAL column. -- ship Condition (String): Code to be designate whether partial shipment of the order will be accepted as defined in the OSSCOND column. 'SC': Ship Complete, 'SP': Ship Partial. -- shippingModeFlag (String): Code to indicate shipping address and shipping mode are at order level or order item level as defined in the OSSMFLAG column. 'O': Order level; 'I': Item level. -- comment (String): Comments regarding the order status as defined in as the in the defined in FIELD3 the OSCMNT FIELD1 the FIELD2 column. column. column. column. -- field1 (Integer): Order status customization field 1 as defined -- field2 (Big Decimal(15,2)): Order status customization field 2 -- field3 (String): Order status customization field 3 as defined in -- items (Vector of Hash table): Each hash table represents the parameters for one item. Order status XML ..

Payment requiring attention A payment that requires the attention of a Payments

Administrator for resolution. A payment is a representation of a financial object corresponding to funds that will or have been transferred from one party to another.

Payment with authorization denied An order for which payment authorization was requested but denied. Pending Buyer A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Pending Buyer Administrator A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Pending contract A contract in the pending state is a draft contract that is complete and has been submitted for approval. The Sales Manager or Account Representative decides when a draft contract is ready to submit for approval. The designated approvers for the contract must review the contract. Products can not be purchased under a contract in this state. Pending Customer A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Pending merchant

A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details.

Pending organization A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Pending remote processing An order that has been confirmed as being pending remote processing by the distributor. Pending reseller A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Pending supplier A pending user cannot logon or shop at the store. See 'Users' and 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Personal information A list of orders that have been submitted and have payment information created. They may or may not have a payment authorization at this point.

Product strategy This document contains the Product Sales & Marketing Strategies for different Catalog/Products currently offered for sale. Recommendations on areas of improvements, changes and metrics for measuring performance are included. Promotion A promotion is an incentive offered to a group of customers within a time interval. Purchase order number A single purchase order number can then be used for payment authorization. Purchase order numbers are specified when the customer places an order. Quantity The quantity of the item. Quick checkout profile A quick checkout profile is a collection of customer's preference for billing, shipping and payment. The profile will be used to enable a customer to quickly check out an order with just one click. Quote

The information received when the reseller makes a request for price and availability in Commerce Plaza. This information is saved when the reseller exits the Commerce Plaza. Ready for remote processing An order that is ready for remote processing. Ready to process order A ready to process order or a submitted order is an order that is ready to be processed. Received goods invoice An invoice in document form that is associated with the goods that are be received into inventory. It is used to identify the items that are being received. Received goods summary A summary report of the goods that have been received.

Registered e-mail address A registered email address is an email address registered in the Fashion Flow and is used as logon id. Rejected contract If the designated approver for a store decides a contract is not complete or is unacceptable, they can move the contract into the

rejected state. A contract in the rejected state can be changed and re-submitted for approval, canceled, or marked for deletion. Rejected order An order that has been rejected by the Buyer Approver. Rejected registration notification A notification is sent to the customer when their notification has been rejected. See 'User Registration Approvals' in the online help for more details. Rejected RFQ response The approver has rejected the RFQ response. Rejected User Registration Notification An email received by a user indicating that they have not been approved to use the store. Relationship agreement An agreement that is negotiated offline about the customer's relationship with the Seller. This could include requirements about credit line, invoicing, Buyer purchase orders, and storefront display.

Release Contains order items shipping at the same time, to the same address, from the same fulfillment center using the same carrier.

Sales BI reports A set of business intelligence reports focusing on sales topics, such as order summary, geographic sales, demographic sales, time period sales, sales by account, and sales by contract Sales demand/forecasting plan A set of business intelligence reports focusing on sales topics, such as order summary, geographic sales, demographic sales, time period sales, sales by account, and sales by contract Sales strategy A set of business intelligence reports focusing on sales topics, such as order summary, geographic sales, demographic sales, time period sales, sales by account, and sales by contract Scheduled job to maintain drop ship A scheduled job to maintain the levels of the drop ship receipts such that the items are always available at the fulfillment center. Scheduled order An order that has been scheduled to be automatically submitted at a specific time in the future. Service agreement An XML file that defines a trading agreement, including the participants and terms and conditions.

Settlement closed auction After bidding is closed, winners have been determined and orders have been processed for winning bids. Shipment confirmation notification A notification regarding the shipment of a release. Shipment confirmation message A message generated to trigger a shipment confirmation. Shipped orders Orders that have been shipped from the fulfillment center. Shipped releases list Releases that have been released to fulfillment. Shopping cart A shopping cart is a collection of products that are ready to be checked out by a customer. Shopping metaphor Shopping metaphors are special features to enable customers to search and compare products effectively and efficiently. The metaphors supported are: Product Exploration - parametric search within a category in which possible ranges of values for attributes of the SKUs are selected by the customer to narrow the list of products to

display. Product Comparison - a comparison of selected SKUs, usually in tabular form, such that the values of each attribute of the SKUs can be compared. Sales Assistant - a guided selling approach in which a list of SKUs is returned based on the customers answers to a set of questions. Sourcing strategy document This document of outlines the strategy for the sourcing for the

requirements

products.

This

includes

details

purchasing of products from vendors and any pricing discounts that might be in effect for certain volumes. The goal is to provide the most cost-effective way to keep store items stocked. Stale order An order that has been in existence for a long time without being processed and fulfilled. An example is an abandoned shop cart. Another example is an order that failed payment authorization. Stale order item list A list of order items that are considered to be stale, meaning that any inventory that has been allocated to this order item can be returned to inventory. Stocked goods Goods that have been returned to inventory. Store activity report

A report about the transactions occurring in a store. Store created notification An e-mail or other notification to the store owner that the Channel Manager has finished creating the store on behalf of the store owner. The store owner may now use the Web Sphere Commerce Accelerator to complete the set-up of their store. Submitted order A vendor or supplier Vendor order An order to a vendor for merchandise. A vendor is a supplier. Web activity The Web activity allows the Marketing Manager to show the right content to the targeted customer segment. Web page URL of a Web page that solves the customer request. Web Sphere Commerce database All of the data in the Web Sphere Commerce system resides in this database. Winning bid The bid that wins in the auction.

Winning bid notification Informs customers that they submitted a winning bid. Wish list A wish list is a list of the products added by a registered customer for the customer to use in the future. Withdrawn product Businesses often receive information from suppliers or

manufacturers on products being withdrawn and will need to be removed from the catalog.

Store site location

Demographic and buying patterns of residents of an area can be used to compare various possible sites for opening new store. Today, software packages are helping retailers not only in their locational decision but in decision regarding store sizing and floor-space as well.

Visual merchandise
The decision how to place & stack item in a store is no more taken on the gut feel of the store manager. A larger number of visual merchandise tools are tools are available to him to evaluate the impact of his staking option. The SPACMAN store suit from AS Nielsen and Mode CAD are example of produced helping in modeling a retail store design.

Methods of Data Collection

Interview method

Libraries Literature

Questionnaire magazines, Schedule Survey Magazines Other method Group discussion

Periodical Case study Newspapers, Books, Year Books Internet

Projection Technique

Publications of & Financial Publication of Central Semi Got State Govt.

commercial Consumer Panel Content Analysis Institutions Govt., Focus Group & local Government Data collection refers to the process of obtaining valuable and reliable information for the purpose of Research. There are two ways of Data collection as (1). Primary Data (2).Secondary Data Primary data are those, which are collected a fresh and for first time and thus happen to be original in chanter. Primary data consist of originally collected information especially for project purpose in hand through questionnaire and interview. The primary data is collected from stockiest, retailers and consumers. Some common types of primary data are: Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Psychological and lifestyle characteristics.

Attitudes and opinions. Awareness and knowledge for example, brand Intentions for example, purchase intentions. While

awareness. useful, intentions are not a reliable indication of actual future behavior. Motivation a persons motives are more stable than his/her behaviour, so motive predictor of future behavior than is past behavior. Behavior.

Primary data can be obtained by communication or by observation. Communication involves questioning respondents either verbally or in writing. This method is versatile, since one needs only to ask for the information; however, the response may not be accurate. Communication usually is quicker and cheaper than observation. Observation involves the recording of actions and is performmmmmed by either a person or some mechanical or electronic device. Observation is less versatile than communication since some attributes of a person may not be readily observable, such as attitudes, awareness, knowledge, intentions, and motivation. Observation also might take longer since observers may have to wait for appropriate events to occur, though observation using scanner data might be quicker and more cost effective. Observation typically is more accurate than communication.

Personal interviews have an interviewer bias that mail in questionnaires do not have. For example, in a personal interview the responds perception of the interviewer may affect the responses. Secondary Data can be explain as the second hand information i.e. the data which have been collected, complied and presented earlier by some other than user. Secondary datas consists of information that all ready exist somewhere having collcted for some other purpose. They are not collected specially to achieve the object of the particular project at hand such as source or Govt. publication, magazines etc. Methods of DATA collection (A). OBSERVATION: The observation method is mostly used in conducting a survey. This is a avery oldest and scientific method of investigation used by a researcher. According tto Good & Halt, Science begiins with observation and most ultimetly return to observation for its final validatiion. Observation is to be noted that it is at once a physicall as well as mental activity. Researchher must be selective and purposeful in the sence that one does not observed anything and every thing, but the range of things that fall with in any act of observation is narrowed down. The direction given the observation of the research work is the direct outcome of certain dominant interests that are served in the cource of investigation. Observation is a classical scientific method where the researcher makes direct study. In fact it is classical method for the collection of primary and dependable data.

(B). DOCUMENTARY SOURCE: The help of documentary sources such as books, annual reports and memorandum and articles of association is taken for project work. A study of all such books are essential in order to know what has been said on the subject by different shool of thinkers. A study of all such work brings greater classification and avoids duplication of effort. With help of aanual reports we can find out what is the actual production and sale and also other relevent documents are required for the preparation of project report. (C). INTRVIEW: Interview is one of the most importance and powerful methods fo cpllecting the information. It required a great patience and good questions . it is like a tape record in which the past incidence, feelings and reaction of the subjects are played back to the living present to be listened by the interview with a scientific approach always ready to fiind sequences of fundamental traits of human behaviour, underlying universal laws guiding and motivating human actions and reactions. The researcher tried to penetrate deeply in this imagination into the circumstances being narrated by the subject and realizes the full significance of the feelings being expressed by him. (D).QUESTIONNAIRE:

It is also method for obtaining information. Questionnaire contains a list of questions, the responents fill in the answer of these questions. On the basis of these questin desire information can be obtained which can be further analyzed and given as a result. Sample Size For the purpose of collection of primary data I visited at BIG BAZZAR malls where I contacted the people who had come for shopping purpose. I had interviewed 107 people but for better interpretation I am considering only 100 response sheets. There for the sample size is taken as 100.

Finding The first things in merchandising planning the store manager should understand the target market and customer needs to convert those into a product plan. During my survey I found some important aspects these are:1. The department manager arrange systematically in the store. 2. They focus on lighting according to the product. 3. The arrange of product based on category. 4. The products were available in store according to new fashion. 5. In store they keep much variety of products. 6. Food products were also available in a store. 7. Various offers and scheme was available in store.

Our Merchandise Analysis program compares your product offerings and pricing to the competition. It's and efficient and effective way to keep up with the market. Key Benefits Supported by extensive NMIS library of catalogs Streamlined, high speed data entry/acquisition keeps cost and turnaround time low. Expert in organizing relevant product categorization -- essential to meaningful analysis and comparisons. Coverage of all major parameters -- product category, price points, space allocation, etc. Results available as hard copy, data files, attached e-mail, etc. Format and content customized to your information requirements.

1. RETAIL MANAGEMENT A STRATEGIC APPROACH By Barry Berman and Joel R. Evans. 2. www.retailindustry.com
3. www.futuregroup.com 4. www.merchandisemort.com

5. Microsoft Encarta