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Biology Unit 6 Study Guide: Chromosomes, The Cell Cycle, and Mitosis
• Chromosomes
1. What is a chromosome? What is it made of?
A structure made of DNA and proteins where genes are located.
2. What are genes? Where are the located? What important role do they play in humans?
Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. They are located on chromosomes.
Genes play an important role in how a person’s body develops and functions.
4. True/False: When the two chromatids of a chromosome separate, they become individual
chromosomes.
True.
14. Which adult determines the gender of the child and why?
The male because males can have an X or Y gamete and females always have a Y gamete.
Name ______________________ Date ______
Males- XY
Females- XX
16. What is the common name of Trisomy 21 and what is the cause?
The common name is Down Syndrome. The cause is fusion of a diploid gamete with a haploid gamete.
17. List and briefly describe the four types of gene mutations.
Deletion – piece of chromosome breaks of completely
Duplication – fragment attaches to its homologous chromosomes
Inversion – fragment reattaches on to the opposite side
Translocation – fragment attaches to a non homologous chromosome
20. What stages make up interphase? What happens during each of these stages?
G1 – growth, most of cell’s life
S – DNA is copied. Chromosomes consist of two chromatids.
G2 – Prepares the nucleus to divide
23. What are the three checkpoints for division? Be able to identify them in order.
Cell growth checkpoint (G1) – if good moves on to S
DNA synthesis checkpoint (G2) – if good moves on to mitosis
Mitosis checkpoint – if good moves to G1
27. When chromatids finally arrive each pole has ____ ____________ ____ of chromosomes.
One complete set.
37. What is the difference in cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells?
In animal cells the cell is pinched in half by protein threads.
In plants, a cell plate is formed by fusing of the Golgi apparatus.