SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2006/2007 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 14 marks each) (3 questions @ 22 marks each) [56 marks] [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 7. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 7 pages. ----------

/S1 2006

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-2Section I [56 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1.

MM2105 / MM8311

A cantilever of rectangular cross-section 60 mm wide and 100 mm deep carries a concentrated load of 10 kN at its free end. Neglecting the mass of the cantilever, calculate (a) (b) (c) the maximum bending moment in terms of L. the second moment of area about the neutral axis. (2 marks) (3 marks)

the maximum length if the maximum bending stress is 120 MN/m2. (5 marks)

Sketch the stress distribution diagram indicating clearly the points for maximum tensile and compressive stresses. (4 marks)

60 mm 100 mm

10 kN L

Fig Q1.

Q2.

A hollow shaft of 70 mm outer diameter and 10 mm thickness is made from a material that withstands a maximum shear stress of 45 MN/m2. (a) For a speed of 600 rpm calculate the torque and the power which can be transmitted by the shaft. (5 marks) (b) If the shaft is replaced by a solid shaft of the same weight and material, find the required diameter and hence the torque that can be transmitted. (5 marks) (c) Find the percentage change in the torsional stiffness, (T/) of the solid shaft. (4 marks)

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-3Q3

MM2105 / MM8311

A winch drum is used to pull a load of 180 kg along a horizontal surface as shown in Fig Q3. The load moves with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2. The mass moment of inertia of the drum is 15 kgm2 and its diameter is 0.8 m. The friction force exerted on the load is 353 N. The friction torque at the drum bearings is 50 Nm. (a) Sketch the free body diagram for the load and drum. (4 marks)

Hence determine (b) (c) the tension in the cable. (4 marks)

the angular acceleration of the drum and the applied torque. (6 marks)

a = 1.5 m/s2

m = 180 kg cable Fig Q3

Winch drum

Q4.

A stone of mass 3.5kg attached to the end of a light cable of length 1.5m is whirled in a horizontal circle. (a) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force to keep the mass moving at a speed of 80rpm. (4 marks) With the aid of the free body diagrams, determine (b) the maximum cable tension when the body is whirled in a vertical circle at the same speed. (4 marks) (c) the least velocity (in m/s) required to keep the body in a vertical circular motion. (6 marks)

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-4Section II [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

Q5.

(5 marks) A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig.Q5. The diameters of the effort and load pulleys are 280 mm and 220 mm respectively.

N1 = 30 teeth 1 2 3 4 N2 = 80 teeth N3 = 35 teeth N4 = 105 teeth Fig. Q5 W

(a) (b)

Show that the velocity ratio is 10.18

(3 marks )

When using the machine, it was found that 150 N effort would lift a load of 650 N and 280 N effort would lift 1.85 kN. Determine the law of the machine. (6 marks ) For a load of 150 kg, calculate (c) (d) the actual effort, ideal effort, friction effort, mechanical advantage and efficiency when lifting this load. (9 marks ) the power required if the load is raised at 1 m in 25 seconds. (4 marks )

/S1 2006 -5-

see page 5 MM2105 / MM8311

Q6. Fig Q6 shows a light beam ABCDE carrying loads as shown and simply supported at B and E. (a) Sketch the free body diagram of the beam and show that the reactions at supports B and E are 100 kN and 20 kN respectively. (5 marks ) Sketch the shear force diagram and determine the position of zero shear force from A. (6 marks ) Calculate the bending moments at salient locations and sketch the bending moment diagram. Determine the magnitude and location of the maximum bending moment. (8 marks ) Determine the position of the point of contraflexure from A. Indicate the point on the bending moment diagram. (3 marks )

(b)

(c)

(d)

Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scales: Free Body Diagram Shear Force Diagram Bending Moment Diagram
10 mm : 1 m 10 mm : 20 kN 10 mm : 20 kNm

30 kN A 2m B 20 kN/m C

10 kN E D 4m Fig. Q6. 2m 2m

/S1 2006 -6Q7.

see page 6 MM2105 / MM8311

A 4-wheeled car of total mass 1150 kg is accelerated from rest to 30 km/h over a distance of 30 m up the car park link way of an incline 1 in 8 (see Fig Q7). It has two axles, each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 75 kg and radius of gyration of 230 mm about its axis of rotation. The diameter of each wheel is 640 mm. The tractive resistance is 360 N. V1 V0 30 m 20 m

V2

Fig Q7. When the speed of the car reaches 30 km/h, calculate (a) (b) (c) the total kinetic energy of the car the potential energy of the car the tractive effort required (10 marks) (2 marks) (4 marks)

After the car reaches the top of the car park at speed of 30 km/h, it travels along a level floor. If the tractive resistance remains the same, (d) calculate the braking force required to slow down the car to 15 km/h over a distance of 20 m. (6 marks) **********

/S1 2006 -7LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

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