MUSCLE Diaphragm

External intercostals

Internal intercostals

Quadratus lumborum

Muscles of the Thorax that Assist in Breathing ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION Xiphoid process of sternum, Central tendon. Contraction of diaphragm causes costal cartilages and adjacent it to atten and increases vertical portions of inferior six ribs, dimension of thoracic cavity, lumbar vertebrae and their resulting in inhalation; intervertebral discs. relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation. Inferior border of rib above. Superior border of rib below. Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation. Superior border of rib below. Inferior border of rib above. Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation. Iliac crest and iliolumbar Inferior border of twelfth rib Acting together, pulls twelfth ribs ligament. and first four lumbar inferiorly during forced vertebrae. exhalation, fix twelfth ribs to prevent their elevation during deep inhalation.

INNERVATION Phrenic nerve, which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves (C3C5).

Thoracic spinal Nerves T2T12.

Thoracic spinal nerves T2T12

Thoracic spinal nerves T12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1L3 or L1L4

MUSCLE ORIGIN ANTERIOR THORACIC MUSCLES Subclavius First rib.

Muscles of the Thorax that Move the Pectoral Girdle INSERTION ACTION Clavicle. Depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle. Coracoid process of scapula. Abducts scapula and rotates it downward; elevates third through fth ribs during forced inhalation when scapula is xed. Vertebral border and inferior Abducts scapula and rotates it angle of scapula. upward. Elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized. Known as boxers muscle because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing.

INNERVATION Subclavian nerve.

Pectoralis minor Second through fth, third through fth, or second through fourth ribs. Serratus anterior Superior eight or nine ribs.

Medial pectoral nerve.

Long thoracic nerve.

POSTERIOR THORACIC MUSCLES Trapezius Superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C7T12.

Clavicle and acromion, and spine of scapula.

Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor

Transverse processes of C1C4. Spines of T2T5.

Superior vertebral border of scapula. Vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine. Vertebral border of scapula superior to spine.

Superior bers upward rotate scapula; middle bers adduct scapula; inferior bers depress and upward rotate scapula; superior and inferior bers together rotate scapula upward; stabilizes scapula. Elevates scapula and rotates it downward. Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula. Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula.

Accessory (XI) nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3 C5.

Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3 C5. Dorsal scapular nerve.

Spines of C7T1.

Dorsal scapular nerve.

MUSCLE SPLENIUS Splenius capitis

ORIGIN

Muscles of the Neck and Back that Move the Vertebral Column INSERTION ACTION Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone.

INNERVATION

Acting together (bilaterally), Middle cervical spinal extend head and extend vertebral nerves. column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally ex and/or rotate head to same side as contracting muscle. Splenius cervicis Spinous processes of T3T6. Transverse processes of Acting together, extend head; Inferior cervical spinal C1C2 or C1C4. acting singly, laterally ex and/or nerves. rotate head to same side as contracting muscle. ERECTOR SPINAE - Consists of iliocostalis muscles (lateral), longissimus muscles (intermediate), and spinalis muscles (medial). ILIOCOSTALIS GROUP(Lateral) Iliocostalis Ribs 16. Transverse processes of Acting together, muscles of each Cervical and thoracic spinal cervicis C4C6. region (cervical, thoracic, and nerves. lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions; acting Iliocostalis Ribs 712. Ribs 16. Thoracic spinal nerves singly, laterally ex vertebral thoracis column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle. Iliocostalis Iliac crest. Ribs 712. Lumbar spinal nerves lumborum LONGISSIMUS GROUP (Intermediate) Longissimus Articular processes of C4C7 capitis and transverse processes of T1T4. Longissimus cervicis Transverse processes of T4T5.

Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7T4.

Mastoid process of temporal bone.

Transverse processes of C2C6.

Acting together, both longissimus capitis muscles extend head; acting singly, rotate head to same side as contracting muscle. Acting together, longissimus cervicis and both longissimus thoracis muscles extend vertebral

Middle and inferior cervical spinal nerves.

Cervical and superior thoracic, spinal nerves.

Longissimus thoracis

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Transverse processes of column of their respective thoracic and superior lumbar regions; acting singly, laterally ex vertebrae ribs 9 and 10 vertebral column of their respective regions. Occipital bone. Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend vertebral column of their respective regions and extend head.

Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

SPINALIS GROUP (Medial) Spinalis capitis Often absent or very small. Arises with semispinalis capitis.

Cervical spinal nerves.

Spinalis cervicis Spinalis thoracis

Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 Spinous processes of T10L2.

Spinous process of axis. Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae. Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines.

Inferior cervical and thoracic spinal nerves. Thoracic spinal nerves.

TRANSVERSOSPINALES Semispinalis Articular processes ofC4C6 capitis and transverse processes of C7T7.

Acting together, extends head and Cervical and thoracic spinal vertebral column; acting singly, nerves rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle. Acting together, both semispinalis cervicis and both semispinalis thoracis muscles extend vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly, rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle. Acting together, extend vertebral column; acting singly, weakly laterally ex vertebral column and weakly rotate vertebral column to side opposite contracting muscle. Acting together, weakly extend vertebral column; acting singly, weakly rotate vertebral column to side opposite contracting muscle. Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves Thoracic spinal nerves

Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis

Transverse processes of T1 T5. Transverse processes of T6 T10.

Spinous processes of C1C5. Spinous processes of C6T4.

Multidus

Sacrum; ilium; transverse Spinous process of a more processes of lumbar, thoracic, superior vertebra. and C4C7.

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.

Rotatores

Transverse processes of all vertebrae.

Spinous process of vertebra superior to the one of origin.

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.

SEGMENTAL Interspinales

Superior surface of all spinous Inferior surface of spinous processes. process of vertebra superior to the one of origin. Transverse processes of all vertebrae. Transverse process of vertebra superior to the one of origin.

Intertransversarii

Acting together, weakly extend, vertebral column; acting singly, stabilize vertebral column during movement. Acting together, weakly extend vertebral column; acting singly, weakly laterally ex vertebral column during movements. Acting together, right and left anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles elevate rst ribs during deep inhalation. RMA: Flex cervical vertebrae; acting singly, laterally ex and slightly rotate cervical vertebrae. Acting together, right and left posterior scalene elevate second ribs during deep inhalation. RMA: Flex cervical vertebrae; acting singly, laterally ex and slightly rotate cervical vertebrae.

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.

SCALENES Anterior scalene Transverse processes of C3C6. Middle scalene Transverse processes of C2C7.

First rib. First rib.

Cervical spinal nerves. Cervical spinal nerves.

Posterior scalene

Transverse processes of C4C6.

Second rib

Cervical spinal nerves.

GROUP 2

LEADER:
DACWAG, Steffi Denise

MEMBERS:
BALDO, Nillok BASTIAN, Eryl Kate BERNAL, Steffany CANLAS, Arlene COSALAN, Stacey