Orifice plate calculator pressure drop calculation

Orifice plate is used for flow rate measuring in pipe systems. With orifice plate, pressure drop is created. Based on the magnitude of pressure drop, flow rate can be calculated. This instrument is very practical for large tube diameters and for dirty fluid when turbines are not applicable. Measure pressure drop from position 1 to position 2 and calculate flow rate and more with this easy to use calculator The Pressure measurement point should be fixed at 1D away from the Orifice in the upstream and D /2 away in downstream to avoid the turbulence in flow due to installation of the orifice.
Explanation of used values D1 D2 p1 p2 p1 - p2 ni mi T rho R kappa diameter of tube throat diameter upstream pressure downstream pressure pressure drop through orifice kinematic viscosity dynamic viscosity upstream temperature upstream density gas constant isentropic coefficient

Resulting values Q G V1 V2 ReD e C volumetric flow rate mass flow rate upstream velocity throat velocity upstream Reynolds number expansion coefficient coefficient of discharge

Theory
Calculation of flow rate using orifice plate calculator is for incompressible flow, based on the Bernoulli principle:

where is: p - pressure rho - density V - velocity g - gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2) z - geodetic height Assumption that pressure lost is negligible (pressure drop is obvious and included with coefficient of discharge which is introduced bellow):

and:

and if velocities substituted with flow rate:

where is: Q - volumetric flow rate D - diametar Pressure drop through the orifice because of velocity increase can be calculated as follows:

or:

Expressing flow rate from the previous equation leads to:

Substituting:

flow rate can be determined as:

where is: C - coefficient of discharge e - expansion coefficient

Coefficient of discharge can be calculated using following equation (ISO):

where is: beta - diameter relation D2/D1 ReD - Reynolds number which can be calculated as follows:

where is: ni - kinematic viscosity mi - dynamic viscosity

L1 and L2 are functions on tap type and it is: L1=L2=0 for corner taps L1=1 L2=0.47 for D & D/2 taps L1=L2=0.0254/D D[m] for 1" taps

Expansion coefficient e can be calculated (for gases only):

where is: kappa - isentropic coefficient; kappa = 1.4 for air and other two atom gas molecules Other values are calculated using following equations: mass flow:

velocities:

If flowing fluid is gas, then it is considered as incompressible and ideal. Equation for ideal gas:

can be used for calculation of temperature T:

as well as density rho:

where R is gas constant (R=287 J/kgK for air).

Appliance
Orifice plate calculator can be used for both liquids and gases. Fluid is considered as incompressible, so density (rho) and temperature (T) are constant through tube. Also, gas is considered as ideal. Units of measure are both in SI and English system. Orifice plate calculator can be used for calculation of: volumetric flow - Q mass flow - G velocity on inlet, bigger diameter - V1 velocity on smaller diameter - V2 Reynolds number on bigger diameter - ReD For calculation of those values, necessary values for input are: inlet, bigger diameter - D1 smaller diameter - D2 inlet pressure - p1 either pressure on smaller diameter - p2, or pressure drop p1-p2 either kinematic viscosity - ni, or dynamic viscosity - mi for gases only: either temperature - T, or density - rho gas constant - R for liquids: density - rho Beside four values (Q, G, V1, V2), which calculation is main purpose of calculator, values that are not defined by user are determined in process of calculation (for example: if pressure p1 and temperature T are specified for gas flow - value for rho is calculated together with four main values (Q, G, V1, V2)). Also necessery coeffients: expansion - e and discharge - C are calculated and results are shown.