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Dr.-Ing. L. Hring
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Organization
Lecture with exercises
Lecture: 2 SWS (90 minutes) a week Exercise: project at the end of semester
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Preliminaries
Required previous knowledge
Communications 1 (System theory) Communications 2 (Statistical signal processing) Transmission Techniques (Modulation techniques) (Coding Theory) Radio Propagation Channels
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References
Further references:
Scripts regarding lectures of NTS H. Rohling: OFDM A Flexible and Adaptive Air Interface for a 4G Communication System, Hamburg R. van Nee and R. Prasad: OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications A. Paulraj et al: Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications
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Outline
1. Introduction 2. Radio Propagation Channels 3. OFDM Basics 4. OFDM Transmitter 5. Synchronization Mismatches 6. OFDM Receiver 7. Advanced Techniques 8. Introduction to MIMO Systems 9. Multiuser Systems 10. Case Study
L. Hring OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 5
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1 Introduction
History: Transmission principle of dividing data into several bit streams more than 50 years ago Wide range of application by advanced signal processing techniques (e.g. Fast Fourier transform) Papers:
1967 by Saltzberg: Performance of an efficient parallel data transmission system 1971 by Weinstein: Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform 1990 by Bingham: Multicarrier modulation for data transmission An idea whose time has come
L. Hring OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 6
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1 Introduction
In 2008:
[Source: H. Rohling: A Flexible and Adaptive Air Interface for a 4G Communication System] L. Hring OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 7
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1 Introduction
Application areas of OFDM:
UMTS LTE (downlink)
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line-of-sight (LOS)
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path coefficient
path delay
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transfer function
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Rayleigh distribution:
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Linearity property:
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with
for
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-2
-1
-2
-1
-4
-3
-2
-1
-4
-3
-2
-1
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Wideband channel
Signal bandwidth B > coherence bandwidth Bc frequency-selective Intersymbol interference (ISI) occurs
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constant factor
frequency-flat
Time domain
no intersymbol interference
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Time domain
subsequent symbols will severely overlap
ISI occurs
L. Hring OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 25
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Frequency-selective (Bc<<B)
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3 OFDM Basics
3.1 Idea of multicarrier transmission Idea of multicarrier transmission: Wideband channel N narrowband channels
within each subband
frequency-flat
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3 OFDM Basics
3.1 Idea of multicarrier transmission Comparison: Single-Carrier vs. Multi-Carrier
B TS/N
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B/N=f TS
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 28
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3 OFDM Basics
3.1 Idea of multicarrier transmission Transmitter block diagram
Tx signal:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.1 Idea of multicarrier transmission Receiver block diagram
Rx signal:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Special choice of pulse-shaping filter:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Special choice of frequency spacings:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Special choice of frequency spacings:
-3 -2 -1
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Discrete time representation
x(t) is sampled at t=iT+kTS:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Discrete Time representation
Receiver: Reverse operation
Exercise 2: Proof
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3 OFDM Basics
3.2 OFDM as special case Simplified OFDM transmission chain
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3 OFDM Basics
3.3 Usage of cyclic prefix Block transmission
block 1 block 1 block 1 block 2 block 2 block 2 block 3 block 3 block 3 path 1 path 2 path L
DFT window
time
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3 OFDM Basics
3.3 Usage of cyclic prefix Block transmission with guard interval (GI) / cyclic prefix (CP)
GI GI GI block 1 block 1 block 1 GI GI GI block 2 block 2 block 2 GI GI GI block 3 block 3 block 3 path 1 path 2 path L
DFT window
time
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3 OFDM Basics
3.3 Usage of cyclic prefix Usage of guard interval / cyclic prefix
IBI can be completely avoided if
guard interval
orthogonality interval
copy
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions Two-Dimensional Channel Assumptions:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions Transmission under ideal conditions
Discrete-time baseband Tx signal (including cyclic prefix)
information symbols
with
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
Signal after digital/analog conversion
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions Transmission via radio channel
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions Receiver processing
Rx baseband signal
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
Exercise 3: Show that holds
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
Overview:
input signal (orthogonal subcarriers) linear time-(in)variant channel output signal (orthogonal subcarriers)
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
Carry out DFT at receiver:
Demodulated signal:
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions
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3 OFDM Basics
3.4 Transmission under ideal conditions Matrix-vector representation
IDFT operation
where
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