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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussar
Hussar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hussar (/hz r/ h-ZAR, /hz r/, or spelling pronunciation /hs r/ h-SAR) refers to a number of types of light cavalry which originated in Hungary during the 15th century. The title and distinctive dress of these horsemen was subsequently widely adopted by light cavalry regiments in European and other armies. A number of armored or ceremonial mounted units in modern armies retain the designation of hussars.
Contents
1 History 1.1 The hussars of medieval Hungary 1.2 Hussar light cavalry 1.3 Hussars of Frederick The Great 1.4 Hussar Verbunkos 1.5 Heavy hussars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1.6 Hussars in the 18th century 1.6.1 Hussars in Russia 1.7 Hussars of the Napoleonic Wars 1.8 19th century 1.8.1 Eastern Europe 1.8.2 Latin America 1.9 Hussars in the early 20th century 1.10 Armoured units 2 The Hussar image 3 Armament and tactics 4 Current hussar units 4.1 Argentina 4.2 Canada 4.3 Chile 4.4 Denmark 4.5 France 4.6 Netherlands 4.7 Peru 4.8 Spain 4.9 Sweden 4.10 United Kingdom 4.11 Venezuela 5 See also 6 References and notes 7 Further reading 8 External links
Cornet Henry John Wilkin, a British Hussar from the Crimean War
History
The hussars of medieval Hungary
The first written mention of the word "Hussarones"(Latin in plural) (in Hungarian: Huszr) has been found in documents dating from 1432 in Southern Hungary (at the time the Ottoman military frontiers of the Hungarian Kingdom).[1] A type of irregular light horsemen was already well established by the 15th century in medieval Hungary.[2] Etymologists are divided over the derivation of the word 'hussar'.[3] According to Webster's the word hussar stems from the Hungarian huszr, which in turn originates from the Serbian and
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Croatian (Husar, or , Gusar) meaning pirate, from the Medieval Latin cursarius (cf. the English word corsair ).[4] A variant of this theory is offered by Byzantinist scholars, who argue the term originated in Roman military practice, and the cursarii (singular cursarius).[5] Origin of the word is also attributed to old Italian.[6] Through Byzantine Army operations in the Balkans in the 10th and 11th centuries when Chosarioi/Chonsarioi were recruited with especially Serbs,[7] the word was subsequently reintroduced to Western European military practice after its original usage had been lost with the collapse of Rome in the west.[8] According to another theory, the word is derived from the Hungarian word hsz "twenty", suggesting that hussar regiments were originally composed of twenty men.[3] Or the term huszr probably signified 'one in twenty' as selected for service by ballot.[9]
The hussars reportedly originated in bands of mostly Serbian warriors [10] crossing into southern Hungary after the Turkish invasion of Serbia at the end of the 14th century. The Governor of Hungary, John Hunyadi, created mounted units inspired by his enemy the Ottoman Turks. His son, Matthias Corvinus, later king of Hungary, is unanimously accepted as the creator of these troops. Initially they fought in small bands, but were reorganised into larger, trained, formations during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus.[11][12] So the first Hussar regiments were the light cavalry of the Black Army of Hungary. Under his command the hussars took part in the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1485 and proved successful against the Turkish Spahis as well as against Bohemians and Poles. After the king's death in 1490, hussars remained the preferred form of cavalry in Hungary. The Habsburg emperors hired Hungarian hussars as mercenaries to serve against the Ottoman Empire and on various battlefields throughout Western Europe.
Depiction of Serbian cavalry in the left section of Pavle Jovanovi's work The Migration of Serbs
Later on, after the fall of the Serbian Empire, these troops were used as "Krajiniks" meaning frontiersman in Hungary (Croatia and Vojvodina) which southern parts later on became the military frontier, defending and liberating as they believed Christendom from the Ottoman invasion. Their military tactics of engaging combat, as well as pillaging and looting of Ottoman ruled territories, were similar to the ones of the Ukrainian Cossacks.
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German cavalrymen, they continued to wear the traditional Hungarian uniform, richly decorated with braid and gold trim. Possibly due to a daring and impudent surprise raid on his capital Berlin by the hussars of Hungarian general Andrs Hadik, Frederick also recognised the national characteristics of his Hungarian recruits and in 1759 issued a royal order which warned the Prussian officers never to offend the self-esteem of his hussars with insults and abuses. At the same time he exempted the hussars from the usual disciplinary measures of the Prussian Army: physical punishments including cudgeling. Frederick used his hussars for reconnaissance duties and for surprise attacks against the enemy's flanks and rear. A hussar regiment under the command of Colonel Sigismund Dabasi-Halsz won the Battle of Hohenfriedberg at Striegau on May 4, 1745, by attacking the Austrian combat formation on its flank and capturing its entire artillery. The effectiveness of the hussars in Frederick's army can be judged by the number of promotions and decorations awarded to their officers. Recipients included the Hungarian generals Pal Werner and Ferenc Kszeghy, who received the highest Prussian military order, the "Pour le Merite"; General Tivadar Ruesh was awarded the title of baron; Mihly Szkely was promoted from the rank of captain to general after less than fifteen years of service.
While Hungarian hussars served in the opposing armies of Frederick and Maria Theresa there were no known instances of fratricidal clashes between them.
Hussar Verbunkos
Verbunkos (Hungarian pronunciation: [vbuko], other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. The name is derived from the German word werben that means, in particular, "to enroll in the army"; verbunkos recruiter. The corresponding music and dance was played during military recruiting, which was a frequent event during this period, hence the character of the music. The verbunkos was an important component of the Hungarian hussar tradition. Potential recruits were dressed in items of hussar uniform, given wine to drink and invited to dance to this music.
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1683, the Polish-Lithuanian hussars fought countless actions against a variety of enemies. In the battles of Byczyna (1588), Kokenhusen (1601), Kircholm (1605), Kuszyn (1610), Trzciana (1629), Chocim (1673) and Lww (1675), the PolishLithuanian hussars proved to be the decisive factor often against overwhelming odds. Until the 18th century they were considered the elite of the Commonwealth armed forces.
Russia relied on its native cossacks to provide irregular light horse until 1741. Recruited largely from Christian Orthodox communities along the Turkish frontier, the newly raised Russian hussar units increased to 12 regiments by the Seven Years War. The founder of the first Russian Hussar regiment was dm Mnyoki, a Hungarian officer. Spain disbanded its first hussars in 1747 and then raised new units of Hsares in 1795. The Hsares de Pava was created in 1684 by the Count of Melgar to serve in Spanish possessions in Italy and was named after the Spanish victory over the French army at Pavia, Italy, south of Milan. During the battle, the King of France, Francis I, was captured by the Spanish Cavalry. The Hsares de Pava fought in Italy during the War of Piedmont (16921695) and the War of Spanish Succession, it was transferred back to Spain. In 1719, the regiment was sent again to Italy until 1746. Then, it served in campaigns against Algerian pirates and sieges of Oran and Algiers. During the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon (18081814), the unit fought the Battles of Bailn, Tudela, Velez, Talavera and Ocaa and the actions of Baza, Cuellar, Murviedro and Alacuas. The Hsares de Pava regiment also was involved in the Ten Years' War in Cuba, the Spanish-American War (1898), the Spanish Civil War (19361939), and in the Campaign of Ifni (1958). Ifni was a Spanish colony in North Africa that was attacked by irregulars from Morocco. At present, this regiment is named Regimiento Acorazado de Caballeria Pavia nr 4 (Cavalry armored regiment Pavia nr 4) garrisoned in Zaragoza (Spain).
Sweden had hussars from about 1756 and Denmark introduced this class of cavalry in 1762.
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Great Britain hired German hussars among their Hessian mercenaries and sent them to America to fight in the American War of Independence[citation needed]. Britain converted a number of light dragoon regiments to hussars in the early 19th century. The United Provinces raised its first Hussar regiment in 1784, and a second in 1787. During the French occupation from 17951813, there were a maximum of two hussar regiments. After regaining independence, the new Royal Netherlands Army raised two hussar regiments (nrs. 6 and 8). They were disbanded (nr. 8 in 1830), or changed into Lancers (nr. 6 in 1841). In 1867, all remaining cavalry regiments were transferred to hussar regiments. This tradition remains until this day. Hussars in Russia In 1707, Apostol Kigetsch, a Wallachian nobleman under the Russian Emperor Peter the Great, was given the task to form a 'khorugv' ("banner" or "squadron") of 300 men that would be employed on the Turkish-Russian border. The squadron consisted of Christians from Hungary, Serbia, Moldova and Wallachia.[17] In 1711, prior to the Pruth campaign, 6 regiments (4 khorugv's each) of hussars were formed, mainly from Wallachia. Two other 'khorugv' for guerilla warfare were formed, one Polish and one Serbian, that would tackle the Turks. In 1723, Peter the Great formed a Hussar regiment exclusively from Serbian light cavalry serving in the Austrian army.[17] On October 14, 1741, during the regency of Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna, raising of four Hussar regiments from natives who had remained in Russia was authorised[citation needed]: Serbskiy (Serbian) Moldavskiy (Moldavian) Vengerskiy (Hungarian) Gruzinskiy (Georgian) They were raised from the above-mentioned various Hussar companies, converted to regular service after the War 173639. This regiments were enlisted, not conscripted as the rest of Russian army, and were on a level between regular and irregular cavalry. Hussars were recruited only from the title nation, i.e. this regiments were national units on Russian service: all troops (incl. officers) were national and commands were given in the national languages. Each regiment was supposed to have a fixed organization of 10 companies, each of about 100 men, but these regiments were recruited from different sources, so they were less than authorised strength. Later in 175960, three more Hussar regiments were raised: Zeltiy (Yellow) Makedonskiy (Macedonian) Bolgarskiy (Bulgarian)
Portrait of Russian hussar Eugraph Davydov by Kiprensky (1810s)
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The uniform of the Napoleonic hussars included the pelisse: a short fur edged jacket which was often worn slung over one shoulder in the style of a cape, and was fastened with a cord. This garment was extensively adorned with braiding (often gold or silver for officers) and several rows of multiple buttons. Under it was worn the dolman or tunic which was also decorated in braid. The hussar's accoutrements included a Hungarian-style saddle covered by a shabraque, a decorated saddlecloth with long pointed corners surmounted by a sheepskin. On active service the hussar normally wore reinforced breeches which had leather on the inside of the leg to prevent them from wearing due to the extensive time spent in the saddle. On the outside of such breeches, running up the outside was a row of buttons, and sometimes a stripe in a different colour. A shako or fur kolpac (busby) was worn as headwear. The colours of dolman, pelisse and breeches varied greatly by regiment, even within the same army.
French 4th Hussar at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807. "Vive l'Empereur!" by douard Detaille, 1891.
The French hussar of the Napoleonic period was armed with a brass hilted sabre, a carbine and sometimes with a brace of pistols, although these were often unavailable. The British hussar was armed, in addition to his firearms, with the 1796 pattern light cavalry sabre. British hussars also introduced the sabretache (a leather pouch hung from the swordbelt) to the British Army. A famous military commander in Bonaparte's army who began his military career as a hussar was Marshal Ney, who after being employed as a clerk in an iron works joined the 5th Hussars in 1787. He rose through the ranks of the hussars in the wars of Belgium and the Rhineland (17941798) fighting against the forces of Austria and Prussia before receiving his marshal's baton in 1804 after the Emperor Napoleon's coronation.
19th century
Eastern Europe Although the Romanian cavalry were not formally designated as hussars, their pre-1915 uniforms as described below were of the classic hussar type. These regiments were created in the second part of the 19th century under the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, creator of Romania by the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia. Romania diplomatically avoided the word "hussar" due to its connotation at the time with Austro-Hungary, traditional rival of the Romanian principates. Therefore these cavalry regiments were called "Clrai" in Moldavia, and later the designation "Roiori" was adopted in Wallachia. (The word "clra" means "mounted soldier", and "roior" means "of red colour" which derived from the colour of their uniform.) The three (later expanded to ten) Roiori regiments were the regular units, while the Clrai were territorial reserve cavalry who supplied their own horses. These troops played an important role in the Romanian Independence War of 1877 on the Russo-Turkish front. The Roiori, as their name implies in Romanian, wore red dolmans with black braiding while the Clrai wore dark blue dolmans with red loopings. Both wore fur busbies and white plumes. The Roiori regiments were distinguished by the different colours of their cloth busby bags (yellow, white, green, light blue, light green, dark blue, light brown, lilac, pink and light grey according to regiment). The Regimentul 1 Roiori "General de armat Alexandru Averescu" was formed in 1871, while the Regimentul 4 Roiori "Regina Maria" was created in 1893.
After World War I the differences between the two branches of Romanian cavalry disappeared, although the titles of Roiori and Clrai remained. Both types of cavalry served through World War II on the Russian front as mounted and mechanised units. Latin America In Argentina, the 'Regimiento de Hsares del Rey' was created in 1806 to defend Buenos Aires from the British
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18061807 expeditions. After the Revolution in 1810, it became the 'Regimiento Hsares de Pueyrredn' after its founder and first colonel, Juan Martn de Pueyrredn. In Chile, the 'Hsares de la Muerte', or 'Death Hussars', were created as a paramilitary corps by Manuel Rodrguez after the 'Desastre de Cancha Rayada' (Disaster of Cancha Rayada) that took place 26 March 1818, during the period known as the Patria Vieja (Old Fatherland). In Peru, the squadrons of Hussars of the Peruvian Legion of the Guard were created in 1821 by General Jos de San Martn, from officers and troopers of the Squadron of "Hussars of the General's Escort", the former Squadron of HorseChasseurs of the Andes, which were included in the newly created army of the then recently independent republic of Peru. The 4th Squadron of the Hussars of the Peruvian Legion of the Guard was organized in Trujillo under the command of Peruvian Colonel Antonio Gutirrez de la Fuente, and was named after "Cuirassiers" in 1823 and became into "Hussars of Per" Squadron in 1824. It was renamed "Hussars of Junn" for its performance in 1824 at the Battle of Junin, which was one of the Spanish-Peruvian battles which determined the final defeat of the Spanish colonial rule. The Hussars of Junn fought at the battle of Ayacucho on December 9, 1824, among the liberating forces commanded by Antonio de Sucre against the Royalist Spanish forces commanded by Viceroy Jos de la Serna. The heroic action of the "Hussars of Junn" Regiment as part of the Light Horse commanded by General Jos Mara Crdova was victorious, the battle eventuating in the capitulation of the Spanish forces, affirming the final independence of Peru. For this heroic action the "Hussars of Junn" Regiment of the Light Horse was titled after Liberator of Per with inscription on the regimental flag.
Chilean founding father Manuel Rodrguez, wearing the Hsares de la Muerte uniform.
A characteristic of both the Imperial German and Russian Hussars was the variety of colours apparent in their dress uniforms. These included red, black, green, dark and light blue, brown and even pink (the Russian 15th Hussars) dolmans. Most Russian hussar regiments wore red breeches as did all the Austro-Hungarian hussars of 1914. This rainbow effect harked back to the 18th century origins of hussar regiments in these armies and helped regrouping after battle or a charge. The fourteen French hussar regiments were an exception to this rule they wore the same relatively simple uniform, with only minor distinctions, as the other branches of French light cavalry. This comprised a shako, light blue tunic and red breeches. The twelve British hussar regiments were distinguished by different coloured busby bags and a few other distinctions such as the yellow plumes of the 20th, the buff collars of the 13th and the crimson breeches of the 11th Hussars. Hussar influences were apparent even in those armies which did not formally include hussar regiments. Thus both the Belgium Guides (prior to World War I) and the Mounted Escort, the so-called Blue Hussars, of the Irish Defence Forces (during the 1930s) wore hussar style uniforms.
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Armoured units
After horse cavalry became obsolete, hussar units were generally converted to armoured units, though retaining their traditional titles. Hussar regiments still exist today and horses are sometimes used for ceremonial purposes. In the British Army (although amalgamations have reduced their number to two only), the French Army, the Swedish Army (Livregementets husarer, the Life Regiment Hussars), the Dutch Army and the Canadian Forces, usually as tank forces or light mechanised infantry. The Danish Guard Hussars provide a ceremonial mounted squadron, which is the last to wear the slung pelisse.
An officer of the British 11th Hussars (PAO) in the full dress of 1856, including dolman, pelisse, busby and sabretache.
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Apart from the Polish sabre and the lance, Polish heavy hussars were usually also equipped with two pistols, a small rounded shield and koncerz, a long (up to 2 metres) stabbing sword used in charge when the lance was broken, and some with horseman's pick. Also the armour became heavier and with time it was replaced by shield armour. Unlike their lighter counterparts, the Polish hussars were used as a heavy cavalry for line-breaking charges against enemy infantry. The famous low losses were achieved by the unique tactic of late concentration. Until the first musket salvo of the enemy infantry, the hussars were approaching relatively slowly, in a loose formation. Hussars in battle during the Hungarian Revolution of Each rider was at least 5 steps away from his colleagues and the 1848 infantry using still undeveloped muskets simply could not aim at any particular cavalryman. Also, if a hussar's horse was wounded, the following lines had time to steer clear of him. After the salvo, the cavalry rapidly accelerated and joined up the ranks. At the moment of the clash of the charging cavalry with the defenders, the hussars were riding knee-to-knee. Hussars of the Polish Commonwealth were also famous for the huge 'wings' worn on their backs or attached to the saddles of their horses. There are several theories which try to explain the meaning of the wings. According to some they were designed to foil attacks by Tatar lasso; another theory has it that the sound of vibrating feathers attached to the wings made a strange sound that frightened enemy horses during the charge. However, recent experiments carried over by Polish historians in 2001 did not support any of these theories and the phenomenon remains unexplained. Most probably the wings were worn only during parades and not during combat, but this explanation is also disputed. The Hussars of Central and Western Europe in the 18th and 19th century were typically armed with a curved sabre, one or two pistols carried in holsters at the front of the saddle and a carbine.
Canada
Note: All Canadian hussar regiments are reserve force armoured reconnaissance units.
1st Hussars 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal) Sherbrooke Hussars
Chile
The only remaining hussar unit in the Chilean Army is the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment "Hussars" (Regimiento de Caballeria Blindada n. 3 "Husares") in Angol. It forms part of the 3rd Army Mountain Division, and is the only horse mounted regiment remaining in the Army, aside from the Horse Grenadiers. The regiment has a mounted troop and mounted military band. It is named after one of the nation's founding fathers, Jose Miguel de Carrera, and has the informal title of The Hussars of Death, as the successor regiment to Manuel Rodriguez's cavalry unit of that name. The modern regiment has the Totenkopf as its insignia as well as on the regimental camp flag.
Denmark
Gardehusarregimentet (English: Guard Hussar Regiment). Founded in 1762. Currently it is a unit with four battalions; an armoured infantry battalion, a light (motorized) recce battalion and two training battalions. In
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addition to its operational role, the Guard Hussar Regiment is one of two regiments in the Danish Army (along with the Den Kongelige Livgarde) to be classed as 'Guards'; in this case, the Guard Hussars perform the same role as the Household Cavalry do in the British Army. In mounted parade uniform the Gardehusarregimentet are the only hussars to still wear the slung and braided pelisse which was formerly characteristic of this class of cavalry.
France
1st Airborne Hussars Regiment (or 1st Hussar Parachute battalion) : 1er Rgiment de Hussards Parachutistes (1er RHP). Founded in 1720, currently stationed in Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrnes, France. Formerly the "Hussards de Bercheny", after the founder, Count Bercheny, who was a Hungarian noble. French official website : 1rhp.info (http://www.1rhp.info) 2me rgiment de Hussards (2e RH) (2nd Hussar Regiment). Founded in 1735, currently stationed in Haguenau,Bas-Rhin,France. Traditionally called "Chamborant". 3me rgiment de Hussards (3e RH) (3rd Hussar Regiment). Founded in 1764, currently stationed in Immendingen, Tuttlingen district, Germany. Part of the Franco-German Brigade. Formerly the "Hussards d'Esterhazy". It should be noted that because of political upheavals, such as the French Revolution and the Restoration of 1815, the French Hussar regiments do not have the same historical continuity as their counterparts in some others armies. Hussard noir (black hussar) was the nickname of primary teachers in the Third Republic because of their black coat.
An ERC 90 Sagaie of the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment in Cte d'Ivoire in 2003.
Netherlands
The Dutch word for hussar is huzaar [hza]. Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama, eldest element founded in 1577 Regiment Huzaren Prins van Oranje, eldest element founded in 1668 Regiment Huzaren Prins Alexander (disbanded 2007), eldest element founded in 1672 Regiment Huzaren van Boreel, eldest element founded in 1585 Except for the Huzaren Van Boreel, every regiment operates in the armoured role in one of the two mechanised brigades of the Dutch army, using the Leopard 2 main battle tank. Each of these brigades also has a squadron from the Huzaren Van Boreel attached for reconnaissance. There is also a mounted unit for ceremonies: Cavalerie Ere-Escorte (http://www.cavalerie.net/index.php?lng=1). It is linked to the Huzaren Prins Alexander although riders from other regiments participate as well.
Peru
The 1st Light Cavalry Regiment, Glorious Hussars of Junn was formed to provide a personal mounted guard for the Peruvian President in 1987,[21] However by Ministerial Resolution No 139-2012/DE/EP of February 2, 2012, signed under the current administration of President Ollanta Humala Tasso, the Regiment of Cavalry Field Marshal Domingo Nieto has been reestablished as the official Presidential Escort, with the main mission of guaranting the security of the President of the Republic and the Government Palace of Per in Lima. The Hussars of Junin accordingly no longer serves as the Presidential Escort but is now based in the Peruvian Army Education Command and still participates in ceremonies and parades when needed. The Hussars of Junn wear a stylised Dress uniform of shako, red coat and blue breeches modelled on that worn in 1824 in the Battle of Junn. This uniform is of similar design though with different colors and braiding, from that worn by the Argentine Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers General San Martn. The Argentinian unit helped to raise and train the Hussars of Junin when the Peruvian regiment was established in February 1987. The Hussars of Junin carry lances and sabres on parade, and perform as a ceremonial guard together with the Marshal Nieto Dragoon Guards and the other ceremonial units of the Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police of Peru. The regiment also provides honor guards and escorts for welcoming ceremonies and other events of national importance. An example of such occasions is the ceremony commemorating the 1929 reintegration of the Tacna Region into Peru.
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Spain
Hsares de Pava: Regimiento Acorazado de Caballeria Pava n 4 (Cavalry Armored Regiment Pavia no. 4 "Pavia Hussars") garrisoned in Zaragoza (Spain).
Sweden
Livregementets husarer (English: Life Regiment Hussars). One of the most distinguished hussar regiments in European history with roots back to 1536. Today Livregementets husarer, also known as K 3, is the last remaining still active hussar regiment in Sweden and trains an airborne battalion, intelligence battalion, and hosts the Swedish Army's Parachute Ranger School and the Armed Forces Survival School.
United Kingdom
Queen's Royal Hussars King's Royal Hussars 60 (Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars) Signal Squadron Leicestershire Yeomanry (P.A.O) Presently, the first two regiments operate in the Armoured role, primarily operating the Challenger 2 main battle tank. The Hussar regiments are grouped together with the Dragoon and Lancer regiments in the order of precedence, all of which are below the Dragoon Guards. A Dragoon regiment, the Light Dragoons, was formed by the amalgamation of two Hussar regiments, the 13th/18th Royal Hussars and the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, in 1992. This marks a reversal of the trend during the mid-19th century when all light dragoon regiments then existing were converted to hussars. 60 (Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars) Signal Squadron is a Territorial Army unit within 36 (Eastern) Signal Regiment and was formed in 1999 from the 5th Battalion the Royal Green Jackets. The King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery have a Full Dress uniform in the Hussar style,[22] with a busby and frogged dolmen, and a pelisse for officers; the present uniform was finalised in 1928.[23]
Officer of the 1st. Cavalry Regiment "Hussars of Junn" Liberator of Per.
Venezuela
The Presidential Honor Guard Brigade of Venezuela wears full dress uniforms in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars, 1895 the hussar style, thus maintaining the traditions and legacy of Simon Bolivar's Hussar Troop, raised in 1815, who fought with him during the Venezuelan War of Independence and in the larger Spanish American wars of independence during the early 19th century. The Brigade serves as ceremonial escort to the President of Venezuela at Miraflores Palace and attends all State Arrival Ceremonies conducted there; and as honor guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Carabobo Field, Carabobo, in honor of all the fallen of the many wars and battles of the nation's armed services through the years.
Winston Churchill in the uniform of
See also
Cossacks Cuirassier Dragoon Lancer Pandurs - infantry mercenaries in Habsburg Monarchy Uhlan
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Further reading
Radosaw Sikora, Fenomen husarii Bronisaw Gembarzewski, Husarze. Ubir, oporzdzenie i uzbrojenie 15001775 Zbigniew Bocheski, Ze studiw nad polsk zbroj husarsk in: Rozprawy i sprawozdania Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie. Krakw, 1960 Marek Plewczyski, Obertyn 1531 Romuald Romaski, Beresteczko 1651 Leszek Podhorodecki, Sawne bitwy Polakw Szymon Kobyliski, Szymona Kobyliskiego gawdy o broni i mundurze
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Janusz Sikorski, Zarys dziejw wojskowoci polskiej do roku 1864 Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Pamitniki Mirosaw Nagielski, Relacje wojenne z pierwszych lat walk polsko-kozackich powstania Bohdana Chmielnickiego Bitwa pod Gniewem 22.IX 29.IX. 1626, pierwsza poraka husarii in: Studia i materiay do historii wojskowoci, Warsaw, 1966 J. Cichowski, A. Szulczyski, Husaria Jakub o, Pamitnik towarzysza chor gwi pancernej Brzezinski, Richard. Polish Armies 15691600. (volume 1) #184 in the Osprey Men-at-Arms Series. London: Osprey Publishing, 6, 16. Brzezinski, Richard. Polish Winged Hussar 15761775. Warrior Series. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2006. Hollins, David. Hungarian Hussars 17561815. Osprey Warrior Series. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, Ltd., 2003. Klucina, Petr. (Illustrations by Pavol Pevny), Armor: From Ancient To Modern Times. Reprinted by New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1992, (by permission of Slovart Publishing Ltd, Bratislava). Ostrowski, Jan K., et al., Art in Poland: Land of the Winged Horsemen 15721764. Baltimore: Art Services International, 1999. Wasilkowska, Anna. The Winged Horsemen. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1998. Zamoyski, Adam. The Polish Way. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1996.
External links
Hussars Photographs (http://www.hussards-photos.com) video of a Hussar colour party canter (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34hnE-RofpA&feature=related) First American Living History group to portray the Polish winged Hussars (http://www.husaria.us) 1st re-enacment group in the U.S.A. to represent the winged hussars (http://www.foxywebdesigns.com) The famous Hungarian hussar (http://youtube.com/watch?v=kV68h3FKDpg) French official website of the Bercheny's 1st Airborne Hussars Regiment (http://www.1rhp.info) Hungarian Hussar site. (http://www.magyarhuszar.hu) About Polish Hussars on Polish Renaissance Warfare site (http://www.jasinski.co.uk/wojna/comp/comp06.htm) How the Polish Hussars Fought (http://www.kismeta.com/diGrasse/HowHussarFought.htm) Polish Hussars Feature on MyArmoury.com (http://www.myarmoury.com/feature_hussars.html) Hussars, the armoured force of the seventeenth century (http://www.wilanow-palac.pl /hussars_the_armoured_force_of_the_seventeenth_century.html) at the Wilanw Palace Museum Warfareeast.co.uk (http://www.warfareeast.co.uk/main/Hungarian_Composition.htm#HussarsGusars) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussar&oldid=558164820" Categories: Polish cavalry 18th and 19th century warrior types Hungarian cavalry Hussars Cavalry Hungarian words and phrases This page was last modified on 3 June 2013 at 18:29. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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