Mineral.

Deposita

(Berl.)

12, 307-317

(1977)

MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
by Springer-Verlag 1977

Alpine Porphyry Copper Mineralization of West Romania

V. lanovici Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

$. Vlad, M. Borco~, S. Bo~tinescu

Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, Romania

Alpine porphyry copper ores located in West Romania belong to the major Alpine belt developed from the Carpathians up to the Eastern Asia. They occurred along subduction zones in regions of thin continental crust characteristic of the complicated geotectonic Thetian environment during Laramian and Neogene metallogenic events. The porphyry copper ores consist of small size subvolcanic bodies with concentric alteration zones and Cu-Mo (Au) mineralization which exhibit similitudes with the Lowell and Guilbert model during Laramian times and with the diorite model during Miocene times. The magmatism related to porphyry copper mineralization is commonly Cu rich and restricted to insignificant sialic contamination. The spatial distribution of the ores is controlled by N-S Laramian tectonomagmatic alignments (Banat) and NW trending Neogene basins along extransverse faults (Metaliferi Mountains). Les min~ralisations de cuivre porphyriques de la Roumanie occidentale appartiennent ~ la ceinture majeure qui s' ~tend depuis les Carpates jusqu' ~ i' Asie orientale. Leur occurrence le long des zones de subduction dans les r~gions ~ cro@te continentale mince est caract~ristique pour le compliqu~ milieu g~otectonique thetien, au cours de la m~tallogen~se laramienne et n~og~ne. Le cuivre porphyrique du type Cu-Mo (Au) est repr~sent~ par des corps subvoleaniques de dimensions r~duites, ~ zonalit~ d' alteration concentrique; la min~ralisation laramienne peut ~tre asslgnee au module de Lowell et Guilbert et la mmerahsatlon neogene au module dioritique. Le magmatisme g~n~rateur est, en gSn~ral, riehe en cuivre et limit~ ~ une contamination sialique modique. La distribution spatiale des min~ralisations est eontrSl~e.par des alignements teetonomagmatiques laramiens orient's N-S (Banat), ainsi que par la disposition NO-SE des basins n~og~nes form,s aux d~pens des aneiennes fractures transversales (Monts Metaliferi).
s . . . j

INTRODUCTION Porphyry Romania copper occurrences of West (Plate i) are characterised by

two events of mineralization, both having specific environments. A Laramian metallogenic period gave rise to South Banat deposits or prospects (Pieptea et

908 al., 1972; Vlad et al., 19751 , 19762; Gunnesch et al., 1975; Cioflica et al., 19763) and sporadic Poiana Rusc~ prospects (Vasilescu, 19754; Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 19755). Following this, Neogene mineralization restricted to Metaliferi Mountains (Borco~ et al.,

V. Ianovici et al. 19726; Ionescu, 1974; Petrulian et al., 19747; Andrei and CalorY, 1975; Bo~tinescu et al., 1975 ; Ionescu et al., 1975; Gur~u et al., 1975; Vlad et al., 19751 , 19762; Ianoviciand Borco~, 1976; Ianovici et al., 1976) is superimposed upon Laramian structures depleted of porphyry copper.

IVlad, $., Borco~, M., Bo~tinescu, S., Gheorghi~, I., Bratosin, I., losof, V., Vanghele, L., Volanski, E. (1975); 2Vlad, $., Gheorghi~, I., Bo~tinescu, S., Gheorghi~escu, D., Patriciu, V., Iosof, V., C~linescu, E., Volanski, E., Bratosin, I., Giu~c~, R. (1976); 3Cioflica, G., Popescu, stantinescu, E. (1976); Gh.C., Con-

GEOLOGICAL

SETTING

The spatial distribution of the Laramian ores is commonly related to sedimentary

6Borco~, M., E., Mindroiu,

Bo@tinescu, V. (1972);

S., Colios, L., Sandu, D,,

4Vasilescu, L. (1975); 5Zimmermann, P., Zimmermann, V.

(1975);

7petrulian, N., Steclaci, Oroveanu, L. (1974);

8Bo~tinescu, S., Mindroiu, V., E. (1975) - unpublished dala.

Colios,

Plate i. Geological-structural setting of the West l~omanian porphyry copper ores (Geological and tectonic frame according to i:i, 000, 000 geological and tectonic maps published by the Geological and Geophysical Institute, Bucharest) i. Magmatism of subduction zones: Neogene volcanics. 2. Magmatism of subduction zones: Laramian igneous rocks (banatites). 3. Magmatism of rift zones: ophiolites. 4. Neogene molasse (intermontane and intramontane basins). 5. Post-tectonic (post-Mesozoic and/or Mesozoic) cover. 6. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Southern Apusenides trough. 7. Paleo-Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the South West Carpathian sedimentary basins. 8. Crystalline schists and the Codru Nappe System of the Northern Apusenides (AM): crystalline schists of the South West Carpathians-Banat and Poiana Rusc~ (B): autochtonous (Ba), getic (Bg) and inphragetic (Bg'). 9. Deep crustal fractures (a) with their components (b). i0. Partly reactivated and tectonically displaced ophiolitic alignments. ii. Laramian alignments. 12. Neogene alignments. 13. Faults. 14. Thrusts. 15. Geological boundaries. 16. Neogene porphyry copper ores (i. Ro~ia Potent; 2. Tarni~a; 3. Rovina; 4. Valea Morii; 5. Musariu; 6. Bolcana; 7. Deva). 17. Laramian porphyry copper ores (I, Moldova Noun; II, Ciclova; III, Oravi~a; IV, Tincova; V, ~opot; VI, Bozovici; VII, Cofu; VIII, Mraconia).

Alpine Porphyry

Copper

Mineralization

309

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310 Table i. Characteristics of Alpine porphyry copper ores from West

V. lanovici Romania

et al.

Alignment Locality or zone

Penetrated

rock

Host

rock

Setting

Moldova
Ciclova Oravi~a Tincova

Noa~

western
" " ,, central

alignment
" " i, alignment

carbonatic
carbonatic; carbonatic crystalline detrital schists marly

quartz-diorite
" " " quartz " " "

porphyry
" " "

subvolcanic
" hypaby s s ic

subvolcanic hypabyssic

Lilieci-PurcariuNasov~i~

monzodiorite

porphyry

Bozovici

"

"

crystalline

sehist~

quartz monzodiorite porphyry quartz-diorite porphyry "

"

Cofu-Ascu~ita Mraeonia

" eastern

" alignment

marly crystalline sc~Sts

" subvolcanic

"

"

Potent
Tarni~a

Ro~ia-Bucium
" Brad-S~c~r~mb Morii "
"

detrital+volcanics
" " voleanies
"

quartz
" " "
" "

andesit
" " "
" "

subvolcanic
" " "
" "

" "

Rovina
o

Valea
Musariu

Boleana

"

voleanias

Deva

IV[ure~

Valley

crystalline

schists

"

"

"

Alteration types: K - potassic, Ph - phyllic, A - argillic, Mineral abbreviations: bo - bornite; co - chaleopyrite; mo

P - propylitie - molybdenite;

py

- pyrite;

sch

- scheelite

basins (Re~i~a-Moldova Noun, ~opot, Rusca Montanl), they tend to cluster along N-S striking petrogenetic-metallogenic alignments, which exhibit in their northern portion a well marked NE trend. Thus a N-S basin boundary which attests the Oravi~a thrust fault coincides with the main Laramian porphyry copper line extending from OraviSa to Moldova Noun. It comprises small size circular (Oravi~a, Ciclova) or elongated (Moldova Noun) subvolcanic bodies of quartz diorite porphyry with characteristic zonal pattern of hydrothermal alteration and Cu-IV[o stockwork mineralization. In addition to the IXT-S trending Oravi~a line which largerly controlled the location and the shape of major Laramian igneous bodies, an E-W cross fault system occurs. Both systems were active during the intrusion and intersections were therefore centers of igneous activity,

hydrothermal alteration and mineralization (e. g. Suvorov-Moldova BTou~). A less significant eastern alignment controlled the location of Bozovici, ~opot (Lilieci, Purcariu, Nasovi~)prospects, whereas presumable porphyry copper occurrences are to be found along the easternmost Laramian alignment Ter egova- Lapu~nicel- NIraconia. Isolated porphyry copper prospects are developed in Poiana Rusc~ too, Tincova, Cofu).
N e o g e n e porphyry copper ores are confined to subvolcanoes of quartz andesitic character belonging to the second phase of eruptions - second cycle of Miocene volcanicity (Badenian-Sarmatian). T h e y are connected with the following sedimentary-volcanic basins of N W trend in the IV[etaliferi Mountains: R o ~ i a - B u c i u m (Potent, Tarni~a), Brad-

Alpine

Porphyry

Copper

Mineralization

311

Shape
tongue like cylindroidal " TI irregular bosses to

As sociated breccia

Mineralization Alteration
K K K K K Ph A P Ph Ph Ph A A A P P P structure assemblage type

stockwork "
" disseminated stockw. + diss. stockwork

py+cp-+mo py+cp+sch_+rno py+cp+sch+mo

py+cp py+ap py+cp+-mo py+cp py+cp+mo

CuMo CuMo(W CuMo

Cu Cu(Mo) Cu(Mo) Cu CuMo

Au) (W Au)

cylindroidal
" dike

K K
K

Ph

(PhA)
Ph

disseminated "

cylindroidal "
" " " dome cylindroidal

+ +
++

K__ (Ph)A K_ (PhA)

K AP

P P

stockw. + diss. disseminated diss. + stoekw,

py+cp+mo py+cp py+cp

CuMo Cu(MoAu) Cu(MoAu)

AP

"
"

"
"

py+cp
py+cp+bo
py+cp+bo bo+cp

Cu(MoAu)
Cu
Cu (MoAu) CuMo

KA + +++ K~ A K A

sto ckwork stockw. (diss.)

S~c~r~mb (Valea Morii, Rovina, Bolcana, Musariu) and Mure~ Valley (Deva). The tectonic features (fracture intersections) controlling the emplacement of small size circular porphyry Cu (Mo, Au) deposits are related to the basin geometry crossing both the basement as well as the Laramian and Ophiolite trends.

ALTERATION

AND

MINERALIZATION

The principal features of the above mentioned porphyry copper occurrences (Table i) provide evidences for the affiliation to accepted "porphyry copper models (Lowell, Guilbert, 1970; Hollister, 1975). Thus concentrically altered Laramian porphyry copper ores are more likely interpreted in terms

of the Lowell-and Guilbert model. They include a pervasive potassic core surrounded at the upper part by extensive phyllic or quartzose phyllic alteration. In places an outer argillic zone of slight extent does occur, too. The original composition of the igneous host influenced the resultant mineral alteration in each zone; consequently biotite prevails in the potassic zone and montmorillonite in the argillic zone resulting by conversion of diorite-monzodiorile palaeosome, whereas the assemblage biotite+orthoclase in the potassic zone and kaolinite in the argillic zone are characteristic of granodiorite environment. The penetrated Mesozoic carbonatic rocks were favourable sites for metasomatic replacement. Various skarns resulted at the contact with porphyry copper-bearing subvolcanic bodies and underwent subsequent propylitisation.

312

V. lanovici et al.

The Cu ores with IVfofW, Au by-products depleted of economic significance consist commonly of chalcopyrite+pyrite+molybdenite (Bozovici), pyr it e+chalcopyr it e+molybdenit e _+magne tite_+tetrahedrite (IVfoldova Noun), pyrite+ chalcopyr ile+molybdenile+s che elite _+gold (Oravi~a), pyrit e+chal copyr it e+scheelile (Ciclova). Dissemination dominates in the potassic zone while fracture filling is the most important in the phyllic zone. In places a periplutonic zonality may be ascertained. Thus, IVfoldova Nou[ is a zoned Mo, Cu, Zn, Pb, As district which exhibits central molybdeniie-bearing zone related to silicification, followed by a pyrite+chalcopyrite+_molybdenite zone associated with phyllic alteration and propylitised skarns; minor galena, sphalerite veins and impregnation occur in limestones by the contact with the skarns preceding the outermost zone of realgar, auripigment with presumable Carlin type disseminated gold. Neogene deposits show affinities towards the dioritic model. They contain pervasive potassic alteration with disseminated grains or healed veinlets of pyrite+chalcopyrite (Tarni~a, Rovina, Valea IV[orii, Bolcana), pyrite+chalcopyrite+molybdenite (Potent) and bornite+ chalcopyrite (Deva) surrounded by the argillic zone. Gold occurrences devoid of economic interest are present in the mineral assemblage. The penetrated volcanics exhibit regional propylitisation anticipating usually the emplacement of subvolcanics which contain the porphyry copper mineralization. In places a larger scale zonality is provided by axial setting of porphyry copper-bearing subvolcanoes surrounded and even cut by mase metal veins connected with adjacent volcanic structures (e.g. Valea Morii).

plate tectonic hypothesis; they are eraplaced within belts of igneous rocks above palaeo-Benioff zones. Two major belts - Western America and South West Pacific - are characteristic of cordilleran and respectively island arc subduction types (Sillitoe, and Garson, 1976). 1972; IV[itchell

Relationship between porphyry copper mineralization and the tectonic evohtion of the Alpine orogeny according to plate tectonics involves complex interpretations (Guild, 1972; Sillitoe, 1972; Dewey et al., 1973; Oxburgh, 1974; Jankovi6 and Petkovi6, 1974; Dixon and Pereira, 1974; Mitchell and Oarson, 1976, etc.). The closure of the Thetys ocean was accompanied by the occurrence of various microplates and blocks that moved along different paths controlled by the major shifting of European and African plates. Complicate migrations of microplates were compensated by subduction and iranscurrent motions along plate margins which generated magmatism and metallogeny. Such elaborate geotectonic milieu exhibits differences in separate sectors from subduction of narrow oceanic crust under microcontinents or blocks to formation of short-age rifts and development of island arcs. Porphyry ores in the Alpine belt generated during consumed Thetian oceanic plate and adjacent microoceanic and marginal sea plates in MesoZoic and Tertiary; consequently the porphyry copper occurrences from the Apuseni Mountains, Poiana Rusc[ ]V~ountains and Banat are geodynamically interpreted as following (Fig. i): Consumption of oceanic crust belonging to two basins (R[dulescu and S~ndulescu, 1973) and westward subduction beneath the Apuseni Mountains and SouthWest Carpathians blocks produced at destructive plate boundaries a heterogenous zone of Laramian calc-alkaline magmatism divided in two sets of alignments (]Bihor-Vl~deasa in North and IV[etaliferi Mountains - Poiana Rusc~ Mountains Banat in South), which represents the

REGIONAL STRUCTURAL IN PORPHYRY COPPER LOCALISATION The world distribution copper ores is related

FACTORS ORE of the porphyry in general to the

Alpine

Porphyry

Copper

Mineralization

313

~
!
A

TB

Ii 7
B

Fig. i. Plate motion and subduction which gave rise to magmatism and porphyry copper ores. A. Lararnian times - consumption of microoceanic plates and westward subduction. B. Subsequent period - rotation of the Apuseni Mountains plate. C. Miocene times - last manifestation of an eastward subduction probably of Dinatic origin. I. Remnants of the microoceanic plates 2. Sialic blocks and microplates (AM - Apuseni Mountains; TB - Transylvanian basin; SWC - South West Carpathians; MP - Moesian Platform) 3. Laramian alignments 4. Transverse faults 5. Neogene alignments 6. Mure$ Valley major fracture 7. Sense of the subduction - a. westward; b. eastward

northern portion of the subglobal Carpathians-Eastern Serbia - Sr ednagor a-Pontides -Caucasus -Iranides -Pakistan -Afghanistan Alpine belt. The rnetallogenic significance of this magmatism is that of ore carrier of concentrated metals beneath the subduction zones. The Southern Metaliferi-Poiana Rusc~iBanat unit is represented by three tectonomagrnatic and metallogenic alignments; of them, the principal western and cen-

tral alignments proceed south of the Danube and connect with the Ridan-Krepoljin and respectively Timok zones (Cioflica and Vlad, 1973). The primitive features of this magmatism consist of significant Cu contents (Table 2), monz odioritic- granodioritic compositional trend (Fig. 2) characteristic of subduction in areas involving thin continental crust (Kesler et al., 1975) and progressive increase of the sialic character toward west, parallel with the sense of the subduction. Sr87/Sr 86 data of Yugo-

914

V. Ianovici O

et al.

duction w a y of motion and the related intrusive composition. T h e Northern L a r a m i a n unit is represented by various N E trending alignm e n t s due to rotation of Northern A p u s e n ides (Bleahu, 1976; Ianovici et al., 1976). A s c o m p a r e d to similar m a g m a t i s m located in south, the major characteristics of this unit consist of increased Pb contents corresponding to depletion in C u (Table 2), granodioritic-granitic c o m p o sitional trend (Fig. 2) involving significant epicrustal material in the evolution of these m a g m a s , especially for North Bihor and Vl~deasa areas. F r o m the rnetallogenical viewpoint, these features explain the lack of porphyry copper ores in the North Apusenides, and the widespread base-metal deposition requesting a shallower metallic source. It is however to be expected that the southern alignments w h e r e sialic contamination is less m a r k e d contain p r e s u m a b l e porphyry copper ores. Accordingly, the Bihor alignments comprise m o l y b d e n u m porphyry prospects and C u - W , Bi-Mo, PbZn, B skarn deposits with partly inherited metals. Finally, the outermost alignments in relation with the westward subduction motion (Vlideasa, Corni~el-Borod) exhibit the most conspicuous sialie contamination and characteristic Pb-Zn ore deposition. Neogene porphyry copper ores, generally associated with basins of the Metaliferi Mountains, are formed as a result of the development of a younger Benioff zone dipping somehow eastward. Following the westward subduction and the rotation of the Northern Apusenides, the Laramian NE major tendencies with subordinate later NW trends are replaced by significantly activated Tertiary NW lineation along transverse faults with regard to the Laramian event. Their revival during Tertiary times intimatelly controlled the disposition of the Neogene volcanic alignments. Intersections of Laramian and Neogene major lines (Ghi~ulescu and Borco~, 1966) largerlyfavoured the structural completion of the regions where porphyry copper mineralization occurred in the Metaliferi area

A --I-~ . . . . . . . I-6

Fig. 2. Evolution of the Laramian magmatisrn I-IV. Evolution lines of the Meialiferi Mountains - Poiana Rusc~ -Banat magmatism (i S~v1~r~in; 2 Magureaua Valet; 3 Boc~a-Surduc; 4 Boc~a-Dognecea; 5 OraviSa-Ciclova; 6 Bozovici, $opot)

slavian Laramian intrusions (Jankovi6 and Petkovi6, 1974) range between 0,708-0,714, supporting the fact that magma underwent certain sialic contamination during its upward motion. As metallogenic response to such magmaiic behaviour it resulted that this subbelt delineates a well-marked copperbearing province exhibiting skarn-porphyry copper ores in association with monzodioritic-granodioritic bodies (presumed porphyry copper ores along the eastern alignment, porphyry copper deposits and prospects along the central alignment and the southern part of the western alignment). The more sialic contaminated intrusions, exposed in north (Boc~a-Dognecea, Tincova, Ascu$ita-Ruschi~a), are characteristic of base metal metallogeny, whereas the W-Au occurrences from OraviSa-Ciclova seem to be inherited Paleozoic profores. It results therefore a shifting metallogeny from copper to copper-base metal character corresponding to the sub-

Alpine P o r p h y r y Copper Mineralization

315

o Lf~
0

.o r~

DO 0] O

0 r/1 .N o 0 r/1

,-t 0

0 O ~q o o .,--i 0

i 0

.o

.o

~ o0 ~ 0

o
Cr ~

O o

x~ u~ o o % N
i

O O o

N ,

~ ~

.~'N
r~

I~

d
o ,.-.-i .,-.i

" .(~

0 0 0 0

0 ~

"~

316 Bo~tinescu et al., 19758; Vlad et al., 19751 , 19762; lanoviciet al., 1976). The deep crustal fracture along the Mure~ Valley represents a junction zone of various tectonic, magmatic and metallogenic units. Shifting in both space and time during Alpine times it separated earlier the two sialic blocks of the Apuseni Mountains and South West Carpathians, displaced later the northern termination of the southern Lararnian alignments and controlled finally the location of the Mure~ Valley - Deva volcano-sedimentary basin. REFERENCES

V. Ianovici

et al.

CONCLUSIONS Alpine porphyry copper ores located in West Romania belong to the major Alpine belt developed from the Carpathians up to the Eastern Asia. They occurred along subduction zones in regions of thin continental crust characteristic of the complicated geotectonic Thetian environment during two metallogenic events (Paleocene and Miocene). The porphyry copper deposits consist of small size subvolcanic bodies with concentric alteration zones and Cu-Mo (Au) mineralization which exhibit similitudes with the Lowell and Guilbert model during Laramian times and with the diorite model during Miocene times. It seems likely that Laramian as well as Neogene magmatism related to porphyry copper mineralization is commonly Cu rich and restricted to insignificant sialic contamination. The spatial distribution of the porphyry ores is controlled by N-S Lararnian tecionomagrnatic alignments (Banat) and NW trending Neogene basins along palaeo-transcurrent faults (Metaliferi Mountains). In such structural setting the Laramian porphyries are intimately associated with skarn deposits and Neogene ores with volcanic structures bearing base metal veins; on the other hand, the massive sulphide deposits as well as Sn belts are insignificant or even absent in the Alpine environment.

Andrei, J., CalorY, C.:Etude g@ophysique des corps and@sitiques de Ro~ia-Poieni et de Buciurn-Tarni~a (Monts M~tallif@res), ~ i' aide du mod@lage des sources des champs potentiels. Rev. Rourn. G@ol. G~oph. G@ogr., s@r. G~oph. 19, 113-133 (1975) Bleahu, M. : Structural positioh of the Apuseni Mountains in the Alpine system. Rev. Roum. G@ol. G@oph. G~ogr. s@r. G~ol. 20, 7-19 (1976) Cioflica, G., Vlad, $. : The correlation of Laramian metallogenic events belonging to the Carpatho-Balkan area. Rev. Roum. G@ol. G@oph. G~ogr. s@r. G@ol. 17, 217-224 (1973) - Iosof, V., Paniean, A. : Metarnorfismul termic ~i metasornatic al forma~iunilor paleozoiee din Unitatae de Arie~eni de la BaiZa Bihorului, St. Cerc. Geol. Geogr. Geol. set. Geol. 19, 43-68 (1974) Dewey, J.F., Pitman III, W.C., Ryan, W.B., Bonnin, J. : Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 84, 3137-3180 (1973) Dixon, C. J., Pereira, J. : Plate tectonics and mineralization in the Tethyan region. Mineral. Deposita 9, 185198 (1974) Ghi~ulescu, T.P., Borco~, M. : Incadrarea func~ionala a magmatismului alpin din Mun~ii Metaliferi. St. Cerc. Geol. Geol. Geogr. Set. Geol. ii, 367-379 (1966) Guild, Ph. W. : Metallogeny and the new global tectonics. 24th I. G. C., section 4, 17-24 (1972) Gunnesch, K., Gunnesch, M., Seghedi, I. , Popescu, C. : Contribu~ii la studiul rocilor banatitice din zona Liubcova-Lapusnicul Mare (Partea vestic~ a Mun~ilor Almaj $i sud-vestica a Mun~ilor Semenic). Dart de seama 61, i69-189 (1975) Gur~lu, A., Gridan, T., Glava$chi, I., Hutini, T. : Considera~ii structuralegenetice privind zacarn1~ntul cuprifer de la Ro~ia Potent (Mun~ii Metaliferi). D~ride seam~ 60, 24-39 (1975)

Alpine

Porphyry

Copper

Mineralization

817

Hollister, V.F. : An appraisal of the naLowell, J.D., Guilbert, J.M.:Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization ture and source of porphyry copper zoning in porphyry ore deposits. Ec. deposits. Min. Sci. Eng. 7, 225-233 Geol. 65, 373-408 (1970) (1975) Mitchell, A. H. G., Garson, M.S. : Minlankovi6, S., Petkovi6, M. : Metallogeny and concepts of the geotectonic deeralization at plate boundaries. Min. velopment of Yugoslavia. MetallogeSci. Eng. 8, 129-1969 (1976) ny and concepts of the geotecionic deOxburgh, E.R. : The plain man' s guide velopment of Yugoslavia, 443-477, to plate tectonics. Proc. Geol. Ass. Belgrad (1974) 85, 299-357 (1974) lanovici, V., Giu~c~i, D., Ionescu, J.: Pieptea, V., Ciornei, A., Weingartner, G~ochimie des processus d' alteration R. : Mineraliza~ia cuprifer~ de tip dihydrothermale des roches banatitiques seminar din corpul subvulc~nic Suvode Moldova Nou~i (Bahai). Carp. -Balk. roy, regiunea Moldova Noun. D~ri de Geol. Ass. VII Cgr. Sofia reports 3 seam~i 59, 65-80 (1972) 303-307 (1965) R~dulescu, D., S~indulescu, M.:The - Borco~, M. : La g~01ogie, le volcanplate tectonics concepts and the geoloisme n~og~ne et la metallogeme assogical structure of the Carpathians. cite dans les Monts Apuseni. Bul. Ac. Tectonophysies 16, 155-161 (1973) Serbe Sci., cl. Sci. Mat. 54, 118Savu, H., Vasiliu, C., Udrescu, C. : 130 (1976) Contribu~ii la studiul geochimic al ro- Bleahu, M., Patrulius, D., Lupu, M., cilor banatitice de la Sav1~r~in (MunDirnitrescu; R., Savu, H.: Geologia ~ii Drocea). D~Iri de seam~i 52, 360Mun~ilor Apuseni, 631 p. , Bucure~ti, 382 (1967) Ed. Ac. , 1976 Ionescu, O. : Mineraliza~ia cuprifer~i de tip diseminat de la Ro~ia Potent (jud. Received March 29, 1977 Alba). St. Cerc. Geol. Geol. Geogr., set. Geol. 19, 77-84 (1974) - Soare, C., Gheorghiu, M.: Contribu~ii la cunoa~terea zacam1~ntului cupriProf. Virgil lanovici fer Ro~ia Potent. Altera~ii hipogene. Romanian Academy, Bucharest, St. Cere. Geol. Geol. Geogr. Set. Romania Geol. 20, 159-170 (1975) Dr. ~erban Vlad Kesler, S.E., Jones, M.L., Walker, Dr. Mircea Borco~ R. L. : Intrusive rocks associated with Mr. Sergiu Bo~tinescu porphyry copper mineralization in isInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, land arc areas. Ec. Geol. 70, 515Bucharest, Romania 526 (1975)
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