Department of Electrical Engineering

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EE-111: Linear Circuit Analysis

Lab1: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTOR COLOUR CODES
Name Reg. No Report Marks / 10 Rizwan Hanif 110 Viva Marks / 5 Total/15

Haider Usman

Oye wo talbe bnana ha resisitor waly ..kud bna lana ya kaheen sa parkar la

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Lab1: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY EQUIPMENT and IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTOR COLOR CODES
Introduction The first laboratory exercise is to familiarize the students with the use of basic laboratory equipment including the breadboard, power supply and the Digital multi-meter (DMM). The students will be measuring the currents and voltages of the circuits mentioned below using the DMM. To find the value of a resistor and its tolerance by color coding and using multi-meter. Objectives The objectives of this lab are: To use MULTIMETER as a voltmeter, ohmmeter and Ammeter in order to measure voltage and current respectively. Learn the COLOUR CODES scheme to determine the values of resistances. Learn to patch up/make simple circuits. The student will be required to use the breadboard to plug in various resistor combinations, calculate the expected voltages and currents and compare those with the measured values. The differences between the calculated values and measured values would be analyzed. Lab Equipment The following equipment would be used in this experiment, the students are to familiarize themselves with the equipment before its use: Test bench The Multi-meter The Power Supply The Breadboard Resistors

LAB task 1: Diagram:

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Procedure: It is just the observation of range of voltmeter and ammeter Observation/Calculations

Range Range of I: of 0-2A, 0-20A V: 1K volts

Lab Exercise 2: Select three resistors (5% tolerance) between 1 and 1M. Verify the value of resistance and tolerance of resistors using color codes, and complete the following table: Diagram:

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Procedure: Take the resistoe in your hand such that first band which is the most near to the terminal is on the left side and then note all the band colour. After observing all the colour bands then calculate the value of the resistor. Observation:

Sr.no Band 1 colour 1 2 3 4 Orange Orange orange Briwn

Band2 colour Orange White Orange Bliue

Band colour Red Red Red Green

3 Band 4 colour

Tolerance

Golden Golden Golden golden

calculations:

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Table No. Value of Resistance Tolerance Value of Resistance Error through color codes (%) measured by the (%) () DMM () 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.3k 3.9k 3.3k 1M 5 5 5 5 3.27k 3.85k 3.27k 988k 0.9 1.28 0.9 1.2

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Lab task 3:
Calculate the current passing through the resistor R1 (known as IR1), power absorbed by resistor R1 (PR1) and the power delivered by the source (PS). Diagram :

Calculation : IR1 = Vdc /R1 = 0.5 mA

Power = I^2 R = 2.5mW absorbed Lab task 4: Now connect the DMM as volt meter in order to measure the voltage in the circuit as shown in the configuration below. Here the voltmeter is shown connected across points B and C. To measure voltage across a different set of points you will have to disconnect the voltmeter and connect it between the desired points. Fill in the required results in Table 1. Diagram :

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figure 1

figure 2 Procedure : In this task we have to measure the voltages and current at the different position, for that purpose we have to use the multimeter. In order to measure the voltage differnece at the differnert point we have to use the multimeter in parallel whereas as the in case of measuring the current we have to attached the multimeter in series as shown in figure 1 & 2 repectivley. Observation : Table:
SNo 1 Value 0 Voltage A-B Calculated 0 Measured 0 Difference

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0 2 Voltage C-D 5 3 Voltage A-C 500u 4 Current A-C 500u 5 6 Current A-B Current C-D 500u

4.4

0.6

470u

30u

470u

30u

475u

25u

Questions/Answers : Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated values of the voltages and currents.
The difference can be seen because in calculation we uses the exact value of the resistor and the voltage but in the practical the case is different bemuse the resistance may be greater due to thermal effect and the resistance of the connecting wires. Moreover the value of voltage from the voltage source changes and it can't be maintain at the exact value so the difference voltages and current can be seen. Lab task 5:

Circuit Diagram:

FIGURE 3

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FIGURE 4

Procedure : In this task we have to measure the voltages and current at the different position, for that purpose we have to use the multimeter. In order to measure the voltage differnece at the differnert point we have to use the multimeter in parallel whereas as the in case of measuring the current we have to attached the multimeter in series as shown in figure 3 & 4 repectivley. Observation : Table:
SNo 1 Value Voltage A-B Calculated 8.33 Measured 7.8V Difference 0.53V

Voltage C-D

1.66 3 Voltage B-C 1.66m

1.52V

0.14V

Current A-D

1..55m

0.11m

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1.66m 5 Current B-C

1.55m

0.11m

Questions/Answers :
Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated values of the voltages and currents. The difference can be seen because in calculation we uses the exact value of the resistor and the voltage but in the practical the case is different bemuse the resistance may be greater due to thermal effect and the resistance of the connecting wires. Moreover the value of voltage from the voltage source changes and it can't be maintain at the exact value so the difference voltages and current can be seen. Lab Task 5: Repeat the method employed for pervious part for the following configurations and note down the results in the table .

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure : In this task we have to measure the voltages and current at the different position, for that purpose we have to use the multimeter. In order to measure the voltage differnece at the differnert point we have to use the multimeter in parallel whereas as the in case of measuring the current
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we have to attached the multimeter in series as shown in figure. Observation : Table:

SNo 1 Value Voltage A-B Calculated Measured 8.97V Difference

Voltage C-D

0.88V 3 Voltage B-C 8.8V

Voltage A-D

Current A-D

Current A-B

Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated values of the voltages and currents. The difference can be seen because in calculation we uses the exact value of the resistor and the voltage but in the practical the case is different bemuse the resistance may be greater due to thermal effect and the resistance of the connecting wires. Moreover the value of voltage from the voltage source changes and it can't be maintain at the exact value so the difference voltages and current can be seen.

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Figure A

Figure B

Consider Figure A and B above. Utilizing what you have learned in this lab and in class about nodes, explain in which configuration the resistor is short or active. Explain. In figure A it is active but in figure B it is short , as the numerical number shows that it the same node in figure A although the both terminal of resistor is connected in 12 but of two different blocks so it active it is not shorted but in figure B it connected to same 12 node of the same block so it is shorted. In your own words, summarize what you have learned in the lab and explain any difficulties you encountered. In this lab we learn how to measure current in different braches of the circuit and voltage difference across different electric component , the difficulty which we had encountered while doing the lab that the difference in measure and calculated values is much greater than expected ,to resolve this we measure from other multimeter which give us relatively good reading and we sort out that this error is due to equipment ,other than this we hard face any problem.

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