EXPERIMENT 10

AIM: To study resonance in R-L-C series circuit. APPARATUS: Circuit board, function generator, milli ammeter CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE: 1. Apply sine wave of low frequency (<10 kHz) and suitable magnitude to the RLC circuit. 2. Vary the frequency through function generator and find current through DMM. 3. find the maximum value of current and the corresponding frequency (Fr) 4. Take around 1015 readings, note down the observation table. 5. plot current v/s frequency curve and find Fr 6. Draw the reactance v/s frequency curve , the point where Xl =Xc is the resonant frequency Fr.

THEORY: An inductor and capacitor connected in series to the voltage supply (variable Frequency using function generator). At a given frequency f, the inductor and capacitor are given by XL= 2 fL Xc = 2 fC

Thus the total impedance of the circuit is Zs =R + j (Xl - Xc). Xl increases linearly with frequency but reactance Xc varies inversely with frequency, At a particular frequency fr we find that

Xl = Xc. this frequency is known as Resonant frequency .Below this frequency < Xc .that means circuit looks capacitive. At resonance the source sees only the resistance R, because inductive and capacitive reactance cancel each other. The resonance frequency is given by Fr = 1 -------------------2 (LC)1/2

Xl

Resonance in R L C circuit A series circuit is said to be in electrical resonant when the net reactance is zero and the frequency at which this happens is called resonance frequency (Fr). The impedance at resonance is equal to resistance R. the power at resonance is product of applied voltage and current because the power factor is unity at resonance. OBSERVATION TABLE: Sr. no Freq. (Hz) Current (mA) XL (ohms) Xc (ohms)

CONCLUSION Resonance Freq. 1. Fr = --------------- kHz (theoretical) 2. Fr = --------------- kHz (from graph of Freq. V/s current) 3. Fr = --------------- kHz (from graph of X V/s F). ASSIGNMENT 1. Define quality factor Q and band width of the circuit. 2. Find bandwidth from current V/s Feq. Graph. Compare with theoretical value.