Richard Burbidge Details Technical File016177

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Summary of technical details
Stair balustrade
Technical details
Building Regulations - 92 Timber overview - 93 Staircase terminology - 94 to 95 Staircase configurations - 96 to 121 Installation information - 122-125 Finishing advice - 126 to 127
The following pages contain information on Building Regulations, the suitability of products and helpful configuration drawings explaining how and where our stair balustrade ranges can be used. Remember that help is always at hand every step of the way to make your project a reality. If you are looking for style ideas and information please refer to our brochure, if you require stockists then our customer services team are just a call away and our technical support team can help with planning and installation advice. Customer services +44 (0) 1691 678300 Technical helpline +44 (0) 1691 678212 www.richardburbidge.com
We want to make it as easy as possible for you to have the staircase youve always wanted. So weve brought together all our experience and know-how to create STAIRPLANNER a simple, online tool that helps you design your new stair balustrade in just a few easy steps. Even better, its completely free. Just visit www.richardburbidge.com and follow the link to STAIRPLANNER, which will take you through each stage of the planning process from start to finish. You can choose from different timbers, spindles and newels, and your selections will be shown on a virtual staircase to give you a realistic idea of how it will look. Once youve made your decisions, you can download easy-to-understand plans and fully priced parts lists that you can take to your nearest Richard Burbidge stockist. Together, well turn your plan into reality. Remember, if you cannot find what you need or if you would like a little extra help, just call us and we can access your STAIRPLANNER design to help you sort it.
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For more information on Richard Burbidge visit www.barbourproductsearch.info
Building Regulations & British Standards
Timber overview
Building Regulations
BS585 Part 1 1989: Woodstairs covers specifications for stairs with closed risers for domestic use, including straight and winder flights and quarter or half landings. Appendix A of this standard also details the recommendations for the site fixing of stairs. BS5395 Part 1 1977: Stairs, Ladders and Walkways covers the design of straight stairs. BS6180 1982: Code of practice for protective barriers in and about buildings. DEFINITIONS Private stairs intended to be used for only one dwelling with a maximum rise of 220mm and a minimum going of 220mm. A maximum pitch of 42 is stipulated for domestic stairs. Institutional and assembly stairs serving a place where a substantial number of people will gather, with a maximum rise of 150mm and a minimum going of 280mm. Buildings with a maximum rise of 190mm and a minimum going of 250mm are covered by all other stairs. Note - Institutional and assembly stairs plus other, both reference Approved Document M, Access and facilities for disabled people for the maximum permissible rise of stairs providing access for disabled people. The normal relationship between the dimensions of the rise and going can be expressed as detailed in Approved Document K, which states that twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) should be between 550mm and 700mm. Pitch - The angle between the pitch line (notional line connecting nosings) and the horizontal. The maximum pitch for domestic stairs is 42, semi-public stairs, e.g. factories, offices and common stairs serving more than one dwelling, 38 and public stairs, e.g. places of public assembly, 33. Height of handrails - Approved Document K states that flights should have a handrail on at least one side if they are less than one metre wide and on both sides if they are wider than one metre. There is no need for handrails beside the bottom two steps of a stairway. Minimum domestic handrail heights of 900mm for both stairs and landings, public handrail heights should be a minimum of 900mm on stairs and 1100mm on landings. It is also a Building Regulations requirement that no openings in any balustrading should allow the passage of a 100mm sphere. SUITABILITY FOR USE Richard Burbidge stair balustrade systems in all timber types have been fully tested by BM TRADA for conformity to domestic requirements as stated in the Building Regulations Part K, The guarding should be able to resist a horizontal force of 0.36kN for each metre of length if it guards a private stairs. In addition, spindles have been subjected to a separate test as stated in BS6180 table 2 column 4(a). Richard Burbidge also manufacture a number of systems for shared access and commercial use tested to the higher strength requirements of 0.74kN including FUSION Commercial, Heritage and Classic Ranges. Richard Burbidge stair balustrade systems were tested using traditional draw-bored mortise and tenon joints (straight handrail system), patented universal brackets (bracket fix system) and tie-rail bolts/metal fixing plates (continuous handrail system). We do not recommend the use of any other fixing method. Richard Burbidge stair balustrade is manufactured from high quality raw materials complying to BS1186 and are kiln dried ready for immediate internal use. All components are turned or moulded to profile and sanded to a fine finish. Richard Burbidge Limited is a BSI registered firm ISO9002 and is the first member of the BM TRADA Q Mark Approved Timber Balustrade Scheme (certificate No. 001).
Pine - Pinus sylvestris L.: Commonly referred to as European redwood or Scots pine. Creamy white to yellow sapwood with a distinctive yellow/reddish brown resinous heartwood. Ideal for painting, staining and varnishing. Average weight 510kg/m3. Hemlock - Tsuga heterophylla Sarge: Western hemlock, a non-resinous North American softwood. Pale brown, straight grained with a fairly even texture. Can be painted, stained, varnished or polished. Average weight 500kg/m3. Sapele - Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague: Distributed in West and East Africa. Medium to dark reddish brown heartwood, similar to mahogany in colour. Sapele is characterised by a marked and regular stripe with an interlocked/wavy grain and is fairly close textured. Stains, varnishes and polishes extremely well. Average weight 640kg/m3. White Oak - Quercus alba and petraea. USA, Canada and Europe. A straight-grained medium to course texture hardwood. Ranges in colour from pale yellow brown to pale brown. Stains and polishes well and can also be limed. Average weight 720 to 760kg/m. American White Ash - Fraximus Americana. Distributed throughout USA and Canada. A generally straight-grained hardwood, pale brown in colour sometimes tinged red. Stains and polishes well. Average weight 670kg/m. European Beech - Fagus sylvatica L.: No colour distinction between sapwood and heartwood, the timber being pale pink following medium steaming. An immensely strong timber that outperforms oak for bending strength, stiffness and shear by some 20%. It is also stronger in resistance to impact loads. It works well, producing a good, smooth surface and stains and polishes to an excellent finish. Average weight 720kg/m3. ACCLIMATISATION IMPORTANT - You should note that acclimatising timber products by leaving in the room or a room with a similar humidity for at least 48 hours is essential if problems associated with shrinkage and expansion are to be avoided. Storing stair balustrading, for example, in a cold and damp garage for months and then using for immediate internal installation is not good trade practice. This is due to timber being a natural material that both absorbs and loses moisture. The rule of thumb to remember is timber plus water/moisture equals expansion and timber plus heat equals shrinkage. It is therefore extremely important to seal/finish your timber products once installed by painting, staining or varnishing (see page 126 for some ideas).
92
93
Timber overview
Approved Document K of the Building Regulations 1992: Stairs, Ramps and Guards gives provisions for stairways in the design and building of stairways which form part of the structure and guidance on the aspects of geometry and guarding of stairs.
SPECIFICATION - MATERIALS USED Timber is a natural product and components may vary in colour between pieces.
Staircase terminology
Staircase terminology
Baluster/spindle - The vertical member, plain or decorative, that acts as the infill between the handrail and baserail (or tread if cut string).
Fig. 1 - Elevation and section
Terminology
Bracket fix - Patented Richard Burbidge Limited system which uses a bracket to fix the handrail to the specially designed newels. Bullnose step - Usually at the bottom of the stairs with one or both ends of the step having a quarter circle design. Closed string - A string with the face housed/trenched to accommodate treads and risers so their profile cannot be seen. Continuous handrail - Using straight lengths of handrail connected to handrail fittings and ramps, the handrail flows over the tops of newel turnings creating a continuous run of handrail. Curtail step - A decorative shaped step at the bottom of the stairs usually accommodating the volute and volute newel turning of the continuous handrail system. Cut or open string - A string with the upper edge cut away to the shape of the treads and risers so that their profile can be seen from the side. Going - The going of a flight of stairs is the horizontal distance between the face of the first and last risers. The individual going of a step is measured from face of riser to face of riser and for domestic use should be a minimum of 220mm. Newel - Accommodates the strings, handrails and treads/risers of stairs. Nosing - The edge of the tread projecting beyond the face of the riser and the face of a cut string. Pitch - The angle between the pitch line and the horizontal. Pitch line - The notional line connecting the nosings of all treads in a flight of stairs. Rake - The pitch of the stairs. Rise - The rise of a flight is the vertical distance between the floors or landings connected by the flight. The individual rise is the vertical measurement from top of tread to top of tread. Riser - The board that forms the face of the step. The maximum individual rise for domestic flights is 220mm.
Tread Blockings Riser Tread Bracket Carriage Cut string
Wall string
St ep
Handrail
Newel Baluster/spindle String capping Closed string Nosing
Fig. 2 - Rise and going

Going Pitch line Nosing Riser Rise
Fig. 3 - Balustrades and handrails

Handrail
Balusters
99mm MAX
900mm min
Outer string Pitch line
Staircase - The entire structure relating to a stair, comprising steps, treads, risers, strings, balustrading, landings etc. Stairway/stairwell - The space/void provided for the stairs. Step - The tread and riser combined. String margin - The distance between the top of the string and the pitch line measured at 90 to the pitch line. Tread - The top or horizontal surface of a step. Wall string - The string of a staircase fixed flush with a wall. Winders - Are radiating steps narrower at one end that are used to change the direction of a stairs through 90 or 180.
Fig. 4 - Restrictions on flights

Floor or landing Headroom of not less than 2m measured vertically above the pitch line. Going of step Floor
Pitch line Rise of flight
Rise of step
Going of flight
94
95
Terminology
Balustrade - The collective name for the complete assembly of handrails, baserails, newels, spindles and caps.
Staircase configurations
Straight handrail
Fig. 3 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with bullnose step
Configurations
Acorn cap
All diagrams are based on domestic staircases with a maximum pitch of 42, individual rise of 200mm and individual going of 223mm. Handrail heights for both stairs and landing are illustrated at the minimum UK Building Regulations stipulation of 900mm. Further advice on all systems is available by contacting our technical advisors on +44 (0) 1691 678212.
NT160
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB915
Straight handrail system

Fig. 1 - Bottom of flight - Straight with straight step HDR or LHR
Handrail
Newel base
Fig. 4 - Bottom of flight - Winders HDR or LHR

Handrail
NC2
Ball cap
NT160
Newel turning
NC3
Acorn cap
NT160
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
NB510
Newel base
NB1375
Newel base

Handrail
Fig. 5 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with straight step HDR

Handrail
NC2
Ball cap
NT160
Newel turning
NC2
Ball cap
NT160
Newel turning
NB1375
Newel base
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
NB915
Newel base
NB510
Newel base
96
97
Straight handrail
Richard Burbidge stair balustrade components have been designed for use in the majority of staircase configurations. No staircase need present a problem if the components are used and installed in the correct manner. To assist, the following bracket fix, straight handrail and continuous handrail configurations illustrate the most popular bottom of flight, intermediate and top landing options in the construction of staircases. The individual components are identified on each illustration together with a simple plan view of the stairs.
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC3
Straight handrail
Fig. 6 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with straight step and pulpit end
Straight handrail
Fig. 9 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with landing NC3
Acorn cap
Straight handrail
HDR
Handrail
NT415
Newel turning
NC2
Ball cap
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NT160
Newel turning
NB915
Newel base
NB1375
Newel base
BR
Baserail
NB700
Newel base
NB510
Newel base
Fig. 7 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with double bullnose and pulpit end HDR or LHR
Handrail
Fig. 10 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with three winders NC2

Ball cap
NC3
Acorn cap
NT415
Newel turning
NT415
Newel turning
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
NT160
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NT160
Newel turning
NB2000
Newel base
BR BR
Baserail Baserail
NB700
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
Fig. 11 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with three winders NC2

Ball cap

Ball cap
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
NT160
Newel turning
NT202
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB2850
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
HDR or LHR
Handrail
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
98
99
Straight handrail
Straight handrail
Fig. 12 Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with four winders NC2
Ball cap
Straight handrail
Fig. 15 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with extended landing NC3
Acorn cap
Straight handrail
NT415 NT415
Newel turning Newel turning
VT
Vertical turn
1100mm
Spindle
UE
Concave ramp
HDR or LHR
Handrail
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB2000
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
Fig. 13 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with landing NC2

Ball cap
Fig. 16 - Top landings - Top landing with 90 turn NC2 NT160 Ball cap
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB700 NT415
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
Newel drop (adapted)
NB915
Newel base
BR
Baserail
Minimum distance between centres of strings 82/90mm, 2 newel bases side by side 82 or 90mm section. Fig. 14 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with landing
NC2
Ball cap
BR
Baserail
Fig. 17 - Top landings - Top landing with 180 turn NC3

Acorn cap
HT
Horizontal turn
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC3HALF NC2
Ball cap Half acorn cap
UE
Concave ramp
HT VT
Vertical turn Horizontal turn
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
UE
Concave ramp
NT160
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NT160
Newel turning
NT160D
Half newel turning
NB915
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
BR
Baserail
NB510
Newel base
100
101
Straight handrail
Straight handrail
Fig. 18 - Top landings - Top landing with 180 turn NC3
Acorn cap
Straight handrail
Fig. 21 - Top landings - Landing or horizontal balustrade only NC2HALF
Half ball cap
HT
Horizontal turn
Straight handrail
NT160HALF
Half newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC2
Ball cap
NT160
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB700
Newel base
NB510HALF
Half newel base
BR
Baserail
NT160
Newel turning
NB700
Newel base
Fig. 19 - Top landings - Top landing 180 turn with winders NC3
Acorn cap
Fig. 22 - Top landings - Corner landing newel NC2

Ball cap
HDR or LHR
Handrail
HT
Horizontal turn
NT415
Newel turning
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
NB1375
Newel base
HDR or LHR
Handrail
BR
Baserail
NB700
Newel base
NT160
Newel turning
Fig. 20 - Top landings - 90 turn with straight rail NC2HALF

Half ball cap
Fig. 23 - Top landings - Mid landing newel HDR

Handrail
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NT160HALF
Half newel turning
HT
Horizontal turn
90 0m m
ma x.
NB700 BR
Baserail Newel base
NB510HALF Half newel base
102
103
Straight handrail
Continuous handrail
Fig. 1 - Bottom of flight- Straight with curtail step HDR
Handrail
Continuous handrail
Fig. 4 - Intermediate landings - Half turn with landing HC UE
Concave ramp Horizontal cap
Continuous handrail
VL-RH
Volute
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
BR
Baserail
NT0
Newel turning
HDR Handrail 1100mm

Spindle
NTV
Newel turning
NB915
Newel base
BR
Baserail Minimum distance between centres of strings 150mm.
4 x 1100mm
Spindles
Fig. 5 - Top landings - Top Landing with 90 turn Fig. 2 - Bottom of flight - Straight with straight step VT
Vertical turn
HC
Horizontal cap
HDR
Handrail
HDR
Handrail
UE UE
Concave ramp Concave ramp
NT0
Newel turning
OC
Opening cap
NT0
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB700 BR
Baserail
NB700
Newel base
NC2
Ball cap
Newel drop (adapted)
Fig. 6 - Top landings - Top landing with 180 turn Fig. 3 - Intermediate landings - Quarter turn with landing HC
Horizontal cap
HC
Horizontal cap
HT
Horizontal turn
HDR
Handrail
VT NT0
Vertical turn Newel turning
VT
Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
UE UE
Concave ramp Concave ramp
NT0
Newel turning
HDR
Handrail
1100mm
Spindle
1100mm
Spindle
NB915
Newel base
NB700
Newel base
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
104
105
Continuous handrail
Continuous handrail
Fig. 7 - Top landings - 90 turn with corner landing newel HC
Horizontal cap
Bracket fix
Handrail
HDR
Handrail
Continuous handrail
NC2
Ball cap
N160
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB700
Newel base
NB510
Newel base
NT0
Newel turning
Fig. 2 - Bottom of flight - Straight with bullnose step Fig. 8 - Top landings - Continuous rail over mid newel HDR
Handrail
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC2
Ball cap
SC
Straight cap
N160
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB915 NT0
Newel turning Newel base
NB700
Newel base
Fig. 3 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with bullnose step HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC3
Acorn cap
N160
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB915
Newel base
106
107
Bracket fix
Bracket fix
Fig. 4 - Bottom of flight - Winders HDR or LHR
Handrail
Bracket fix
Fig. 7 - Bottom of stairs - Dog leg with double bullnose and pulpit end HDR or LHR
Handrail
NC3
Acorn cap
NC3
Acorn cap
Bracket fix
N160
Newel turning
N415A BR
Baserail Adapted bracket fix newel
N160
Newel turning
N160B
Newel turning
NB1375
Newel base
N160B
Newel turning
BR
Baserail
NB700 Fig. 5 - Bottom of stairs - Dog leg with straight step HDR
Handrail Newel base
NB915
Newel base

Acorn cap
N415A NC2
Ball cap Newel turning
N415A
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
N160
Newel turning
NB1375
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
NB510
Newel base
Fig. 6 - Bottom of stairs - Dog leg with straight step and pulpit end
Fig. 9 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with winders NC2

Ball cap
N415A
Newel turning
HDR
Handrail
NC2
Ball cap
VT
Vertical turn
N160
Newel turning
UE
Concave ramp
N160A
Adapted bracket fix newel
NB1375
Newel base
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB2000 NB510
Newel base Newel base
NB700
Newel base
BR
Baserail
108
109
Bracket fix
Bracket fix
Fig. 10 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with landing NC2
Ball cap
Bracket fix
Fig. 13 - Landings - Top landing with 90 turn and extra rise NC3
Acorn cap HT Horizontal turn
HDR or LHR
Bracket fix
N415A
Newel turning
VT HDR or LHR
Handrail Vertical turn
NC3HALF
Half acorn cap
NB915
Newel base
UE
Concave ramp
N160D
Half newel turning
BR
Baserail
N160A
Newel turning
Minimum distance between centres of strings 82/90mm, 2 newel bases side by side 82 or 90mm section. Fig. 11 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with extended landing NC3
Acorn cap
NB915
Newel base
NB510
Newel base
Fig. 14 - Landings - Top landing with 180 turn NC3

Acorn cap
HT
Horizontal turn
1100mm
Spindle
N415A
Adapted bracket fix newels
N160A
Newel turning
HDR or LHR
Handrail
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB700 NB915
Newel base Newel base
BR
Baserail
BR
Baserail
Fig. 15 - Landings - Top landing 180 turn with winders Fig. 12 - Landings - Top landing with 90 turn NC2
Ball cap
NC3
Acorn cap
HDR or LHR
Handrail
HT
Horizontal turn
N160A
Newel turning
N415A
Newel turning
VT NB700
Newel base (adapted) Vertical turn
UE
Concave ramp
NB1375
Newel base
BR NC2
HDR or LHR
Handrail
Baserail Ball cap
BR
Baserail
110
111
Bracket fix
Handrail
Bracket fix
Fig. 16 - Landings - 90 turn with straight handrail NC2HALF
Half ball cap
Bracket fix
Fig. 19 - Landings - Mid newel
HDR or LHR
Handrail
N160D
Half newel turning
HT
Horizontal turn
HDR NC2
Ball cap
Bracket fix
NB510HALF Half newel base
90 0m m
ma x.
BR
Baserail
N160B
Adapted bracket fix newel
Fig. 17 - Landings - Landing and horizontal balustrade only NC2HALF

Half ball cap
HDR or LHR
Handrail
NB700
Newel base
N160D
Half newel turning
NC2
Ball cap
NB510HALF
Half newel base
N160B
Newel turning
NB700
Newel base
Fig. 18 - Landings - Corner landing newel NC2

Ball cap
HDR or LHR Handrail
NB700
Newel base
N160B
Newel turning
112
113
Bracket fix
Handrail
Staircase configurations - other situations
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 1 Bottom flight - FUSION straight with straight step
CUT STRING There are two ways of installing spindles to a cut string staircase. The traditional method used by professional tradesmen is to fix the spindles to the top of the tread by constructing a stub tenon woodworking joint. An alternative and more modern way of fixing is to cut individual lengths of baserail and screw to each tread. The spindles and fillets are then fixed as normal by glueing and pinning. This method is excellent for carpet finishes. Fig. 1 - Cut string HDR or LHR
Handrail
RHR
Pre-finished handrail
Bracket fix
MMBC
Bottom connector
RHR750F
Newel
MMSB
Staircase baluster & bracket
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
Pre-finished baserail
1100mm
Spindle
NB510
Newel base
CEILING LINE / STRING OVER STRING (Figs 2 and 3) When a handrail hits the underside of a ceiling line or second flight string we recommend that you run a length of handrail up from the bottom newel until it meets the ceiling/string and a further length of handrail along the underside of the ceiling/string. Where the two handrails meet they should be mitred together and fixed using a combination of glue, screws, dowels and/or metal plate. As spindles reach the underside of the ceiling/string they will become shorter in length, to maintain an aesthetically pleasing balance with the pitch of the stairs and handrail, keep the bottom square of all spindles the same length and reduce the spindle from the top downwards. Depending on the style of spindle you are using it may be necessary to cut into the turned part of the spindle and to space you should cut the timber fillets/spacers with a coping saw to suit the spindles radius. Fix the spindles and fillets as normal with glue and panel pins/lost head nails.
Fig. 2 Bottom flight - FUSION straight with bullnose step RHR

MMBC
Bottom connector
MMSB
RHR750F
Newel
SBR
Figures 2 and 3 are suitable for HDR handrail applications. Fig. 2 - Ceiling lines
Length of handrail on underside of ceiling glued and screwed
MMNC
Base connector
Fig. 3 - String over string
NB915
Newel base
Fig. 3 Bottom flight - FUSION dogleg with bullnose step

Mitred handrail joint is glued and can be fixed by screws, dowels or metal plate
RHR
Mitred handrail joint is glued and can be fixed by screws, dowels or metal plate Diminishing spindles
MMSB MMBC
Bottom connector Diminishing spindles Length of handrail on underside of second flight string glued and screwed Staircase baluster & bracket
RHR750F
Newel
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
NB915
Newel base
114
115
FUSION
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 4 Bottom flight - FUSION winders RHR
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 7 Intermediate landing - FUSION quarter turn with three winders
FUSION
Bottom connector
Bottom connector
RHR750F
Newel
RHR750F
Newel
MMSB MMNC
Base connector Staircase baluster & bracket
MMSB
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
SBR
MMIC
Intermediate connector
NB1375
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
Fig. 8 Intermediate landing - FUSION half turn with extended landing Fig. 5 Bottom flight - FUSION dogleg with double bullnose & pulpit end MMBC
Bottom connector
MMBC
Bottom connector
MMHL
Half landing connector
MMHL
Half landing connector
MMLC
Landing connector
MMTC MMSB MMAL

Adj. landing connector Staircase baluster & bracket Top connector
RHR750F
Newel
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
MMLB
Landing baluster & bracket
MMLB
NB915
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
RHR
MMSB
NB700
Newel base
MMLC
Landing connector
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
Fig. 6 Intermediate landing - FUSION quarter turn with landing MMBC

Bottom connector
Fig. 9 Top landing - FUSION top landing with 90 turn MMTC

Top connector
MMLC
Landing connector
RHR MMTC
Top connector Pre-finished handrail
RHR750F
Newel
RHR750F
Newel
MMNC
Base connector
MMNC MMSB
Staircase baluster & bracket Base connector
RHR
NB700
Newel base
NB915
Newel base
SBR
MMSB
MMLB
SBR
Landing Staircase baluster & baluster & bracket bracket
116
117
FUSION
MMBC
MMBC
RHR
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 10 Top landing - FUSION top landing with 180 turn and extra rise MMLC
Landing connector
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 13 Top landing - FUSION top landing corner newel RHR
MMAL
Adj. landing connector
MMHTR/L
Horizontal turn
FUSION
MMLB
MMLB
RHR750F
Newel
MMTC
Top connector
MMNC
Base connector
NB915
Newel base
RHR
SBR MMSB
Staircase baluster & bracket Pre-finished baserail
RHR750F
Newel
SBR
NB700
Newel base
MMNC
Base connector
Fig. 11 Top landing - FUSION top landing with 180 turn MMLC
Landing connector
Fig. 14 Top landing - FUSION top landing mid newel MMAL

Adj. landing connector
MMHTR/L
Horizontal turn
RHR
MMLB
RHR750F
Newel
MMTC
Top connector
RHR750F
Newel
MMNC
Base connector
MMLB
NB700
Newel base
RHR
MMNC MMSB
Staircase baluster & bracket Base connector
SBR
NB700
Newel base
SBR
Fig. 12 Top landing - FUSION top landing, 180 turn with winders MMHTR/L
Horizontal turn
Fig. 15 Top landing - FUSION landing or horizontal balustrades only MMWC

Wall connector
MMLC
Landing connector
MMLC
Landing connector
MMLB RHR750F
Newel
MMNC
Base connector
RHR750F
Newel
MMIC
NB1375
Newel base
RHR
MMLB MMSB
Staircase baluster & bracket Landing baluster & bracket
MMNC
Base connector
SBR
SBR
NB635
Newel base
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119
FUSION
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 16 Bottom of flight - FUSION straight with straight step cut string MMINC
Intermediate newel connector
FUSION Domestic
Fig. 19 Top landing - FUSION T string RHR
Pre-finished round handrail
RHR
MMWC
Wall connector
FUSION
MMBC
Bottom connector
MMSB
MMLC
Landing connector
RHR750
Newel
MMSB
Suspended baserail connector
RHR750
Newel
SBR
Pre-finished ungrooved baserail
MMNC
Base connector Newel base
MMNC
Base connector Newel base
MMLB SBR
Pre-finished ungrooved baserail Landing baluster & bracket
510mm
700mm
Fig. 17 Intermediate landing - FUSION quarter turn with landing cut string RHR750
Newel
MMBC
Bottom connector
RHR
MMSB
MMNC MMTC
Top connector Newel base connector
MMINC
NB700
Newel base
SBCB
SBR
MMNC
Newel base connector
Fig. 18 Top landing - FUSION top landing 90 turn cut string LCB
Landing connector
MMTC RHR750
Newel Top connector
MMNC
RHR
MMLB
MMINC
Intermediate newel connector Newel base
SBR
700mm MMSB
SBCB
120
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FUSION
Straight handrail - installation information
Continuous handrail - installation information

The Richard Burbidge continuous handrail system (also known as overthepost) is designed for professional installation by skilled tradesmen. This system uses straight lengths of handrail connected to a series of shaped handrail fittings and ramps which allow the handrail to flow over the tops of newels. All handrail fittings and ramps are supplied over long and will need to be cut down to suit the individual staircase pitch. Handrail fittings and ramps are supplied with tie-rail bolts to allow jointing of the fittings to rails. Full instructions on how to use the tie-rail bolts are supplied with the fittings. To calculate how many spindles you will need count the number of treads between newels on the stairs. Allow 2 spindles per tread and 1 spindle per tread that has a newel post. For example a 12 tread staircase with newels at the bottom and top of the stairs will generally require 22 spindles. For landings and horizontal balustrades measure the horizontal distance in millimetres and by 112 for 32mm spindles, 121 for 41mm spindles, 126 for 46mm spindles and 135 for 55mm spindles. Building Regulations state that the gap between any part of the balustrade should not allow the passage of a 100mm sphere.
This system is designed primarily for professional installation by tradesmen who are fully conversant with this type of traditional woodworking joint. We recommend that tenons are constructed so that they are a minimum one-third the width of the handrail and half the the length of the newel post. Tenons should be draw bored using a minimum 9mm diameter dowel. We do not recommend the use of bracket fix newel base heights when setting out the straight handrail system. Newel base heights for this system should be calculated by setting out the newels and establishing where the handrail will meet the newel post. Straight handrail system stairparts have been designed to achieve minimum domestic handrail heights of 900mm for both stairs and landings. To calculate how many spindles you will need count the number of treads between newels on the stairs. Allow 2 spindles per tread and 1 spindle per tread that has a newel post. For example a 12 tread staircase with newels at the bottom and top of the stairs will generally require 22 spindles. For landings and horizontal balustrades measure the horizontal distance in millimetres and by 112 for 32mm spindles and 121 for 41mm spindles. Building Regulations state that the gap between any part of the balustrade should not allow the passage of a 100mm sphere.
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Continuous handrail
The Richard Burbidge straight handrail system (also known as posttopost) is designed for traditional fixing using mortise and tenon joints to fix the handrails to newels.
Straight handrail
Bracket fix - installation information
Top of stairs bracket fix newel base height using 160A bracket fix top newel
Newel base centre line
The Richard Burbidge patented bracket fix system enables stair balustrade to be replaced and constructed quickly and easily without the need for professional woodworking mortise and tenon joints. The bracket fix system has been specifically designed to save time using pre-drilled newels and a unique adjustable bracket that secures handrails to newels.
Bracket fix
Bracket fix stairparts have been designed to achieve minimum domestic handrail heights of 900mm for both stairs and landings. Brackets are sold individually apart from the N160D half newel which comes complete with a universal half bracket. To calculate how many spindles you will need count the number of treads between newels on the stairs. Allow 2 spindles per tread and 1 spindle per tread that has a newel post. For example a 12 tread staircase with newels at the bottom and top of the stairs will generally require 22 spindles. For landings and horizontal balustrades measure the horizontal distance in millimetres and by 112 for 32mm spindles and 121 for 41mm spindles. When using metal balusters on landings the horizontal measurement in millimetres by 112mm. Building Regulations state that the gap between any part of the balustrade should not allow the passage of a 100mm sphere.
90 quarter landing bracket fix newel base height using 415A intermediate bracket fix newel
Pitch line Bottom of stairs bracket fix newel base height using 160 bracket fix bottom newel Newel base centre line
270mm
Pitch line
Half landing bracket fix newel base heights using 415As intermediate bracket fix newels

264mm Newel at bottom of 2nd flight Newel at top of 1st flight 270mm
Pitch line
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Bracket fix
201mm
Pitch line
Finishing advice
Finishing advice
Finishing advice
We recommend that all finishes are applied to test pieces so that the finish obtained is the one that you wish to achieve. Please read manufacturers instructions carefully. Richard Burbidge display models are spray lacquered. A similar finish can be achieved using brush applied methods follow the simple guidelines alongside for a perfect finish. Brush applied varnish 1. Sand the surface with a fine grade sandpaper. Traces of dust and grease can be removed using a cloth dampened with white spirit. 2. First coat - mix together one part white spirit, three parts polyurethane clear varnish and if a colour is required one part spirit based wood stain/dye. 3. Allow at least eight hours to dry. Lightly rub down using a fine grade wire wool and apply a coat of clear varnish only. 4. Allow at least eight hours to dry and apply two further coats of clear varnish. Spray applied varnish 1. Rub down with 240 grit sandpaper and apply one coat of sanding/sealer. 2. Allow to dry and denib/sand with a fine grade wire wool. 3. Apply two coats of pre-cat lacquer (if a coloured finish is required use tinted pre-cat lacquer). Note - Remember, a clear varnish will change the colour of wood which should be considered before deciding on a coloured finish. Practice on off-cuts before applying to product. The following details are examples of some of the more popular ways of finishing. Of course, before applying your chosen finish (stain, paint or varnish) your timber product should be properly prepared. Pin/nail holes should be filled with a proprietary filler and the product sanded to remove blemishes that can occur during installation. Varnish Available in clear matt, satin and gloss finishes and also tinted/coloured, varnish gives a tough, durable and hardwearing finish which requires minimal maintenance and is heat and water resistant. Coloured varnishes have the advantage of being suitable for application on previously varnished surfaces. When applying coloured varnishes you should note that as they do not penetrate the wood like a true wood stain/dye it is a good idea to finish with a couple of coats of clear varnish which will prevent colour loss due to wear and tear. As well as polyurethane varnishes there are a number of acrylic/water-based varnishes which are solvent free, have a low odour and are extremely quick drying. They also have the advantage of easy brush maintenance and require only a quick rinse with water after use. Oils Oils can be used to seal timber. They do, however, tend to be used on hardwoods only as softwoods discolour and become dirty very quickly. There are various types available which are easy to apply, usually by rag or brush. Teak oil is quick drying whilst danish oil has the advantage of being able to accept a varnish for added protection. Linseed oil is slow drying and tends to be soft. Wood stains/dyes These will penetrate the wood and are used to enhance the colour and to some extent unify and neutralise the natural colour variations that occur in timbers. They tend to dry quickly and are usually applied with a cloth along the grain. Before it is dry, excess stain/dye is wiped off with a lint-free cloth. Wood stains/dyes do not seal the timber and require a varnish or polish application to finish. Protective wood stains All in one finish enhances the colour of wood and is normally brush applied. Unlike wood stains/dyes it also seals the timber and is quick drying with further coats being applied after just two hours.
Liming This is best applied to coarse grained woods such as oak. A traditional mixture for liming oak can be achieved by mixing unslaked lime with water. Once applied and semi-dry any surplus is wiped off. When dry this is rubbed down with glasspaper and a coat of french polish is added, with a final coat of white polish to finish. Alternatively, an easier method is to mix white matt emulsion with water to the same consistency as milk and brush into the grain, wiping off before setting. To finish and seal two coats of satin varnish are applied, giving an eggshell shine. Liming wax is also available, which is quick and easy to apply. Paint Use a knotting solution on live knots and resinous areas. This prevents resin bleeding/seeping through onto the finished surface. New bare timber should have a coat of primer, followed by one or two coats of undercoat. Finish with a topcoat of gloss. There are numerous painting finishes and techniques, for example, crackle, glaze, marble or mottled effects.
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Finishing advice
Once Richard Burbidge products have been installed they must be finished to seal the pores, protect the surface and give an attractive appearance. Successful finishing will depend on correct preparation of the surface, filling of nail holes and sanding to remove marks which have occurred during installation, for example.
French polish This gives a very good gloss finish. It is applied by building up in layers and is made from a mixture of shellac and alcohol, with a fair degree of skill required to achieve a good finish. French polish does not provide any real protection, with the surface not resistant to scratches, heat, water or alcohol and is normally applied to surfaces that receive little wear and tear. A modern alternative two part treatment is plastic coating, which does provide resistance to heat, liquids and scratches.
Outdoor balustrade & decking

Technical details
Planning your deck Building Regulations Building your deck Outdoor configurations Maintenance and finishing 130 to 131 132 to 135 136 to 139 140 to 149 150 to 151
The following pages contain information on Building Regulations, how to plan and build your deck, the suitability of products and helpful configuration drawings explaining how and where our outdoor balustrade ranges can be used. Remember that help is always at hand every step of the way to make your project a reality. If you are looking for style ideas and information please refer to our brochure, if you require stockists then our customer services team are just a call away and our technical support team can help with planning and installation advice. Customer services +44 (0) 1691 678300 Technical helpline +44 (0) 1691 678212 www.richardburbidge.com
We think creating the decking youve always wanted should be easy. So using all our experience and know-how weve created DECKPLANNER - a simple, and completely free, online tool that helps you design your new decking and outdoor balustrade in just a few easy steps. All you have to do is visit www.richardburbidge.com and follow the link to DECKPLANNER. Youll be taken through each stage of planning your new decking and balustrade from start to perfect finish. All our outdoor balustrade ranges are there to choose from, with all the spindle, newel and panel options and whatever you go for youll be shown a realistic idea of how your design will look. Easy. Once youve made your decisions you can download easy to understand plans and drawings showing each part. Simply take your print-outs which have fully priced parts lists, product codes and quantities, to your nearest Richard Burbidge stockist and theyll help you turn your plan into reality. Remember, if you cannot find what you need or if you would like a little extra help, just call us and we can access your DECKPLANNER design to help you sort it.
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Planning your deck
Planning your deck
Before you build your deck you will need to plan it. If the deck is to look good when its finished, then it needs to be planned and designed carefully. There are a number of aspects that should be considered when planning the size and position of your deck.
DECKPLANNER Our simple, free online planning tool will help you design your new outdoor balustrade and decking project in just a few easy steps. All the options you require are there to choose from such as different ranges, spindles and newels and are shown as a virtual balustrade to give you a realistic idea of how your balustrade and decking will look. Once you have made your decisions you can download easy to understand plans and fully priced parts lists and take to your nearest Richard Burbidge stockist. Together well turn your plan into reality. Storage Once you have purchased your decking materials you will need an area to store them before and during the construction of the deck and installation of the balustrades. In the UK, the moisture content of exposed timber is usually around 18%. Exposure to heavy rainfall or warm sun will cause the timber to swell or shrink respectively. To make sure the decking materials do not pick up too much moisture or are allowed to dry out on site, stack all the materials on bearers that are well clear of wet areas, preferably at least 150mm off the ground level. Stack the decking so that air can easily circulate around and between them using timber battens or spindles. Protect the materials from rain using a waterproof cover, this cover should not be wrapped so tightly that it prevents air circulation and condensation. Careful storage will also prevent the timber from getting dirty and stained. Generally the less time the timber is on site the better. Preparing the site As well as careful planning and good construction techniques successful deck planning also requires careful site preparation. Once the area has been cleared of all vegatation including shrubs and any trees it should be levelled. Slightly slope the ground towards the outer edge of the deck to allow for adequate drainage and to prevent water stagnating. If the deck is attached to the side of the house or building the slope should fall away from the building and not run to it. Remove any obstacles and if desired redirect drain pipes. Apply a proprietary weed killer and cover with a weed block membrane available from most garden centres. Cover this membrane with approximately 50mm thickness of gravel to hold in place. 3 x 25kg bags of gravel will cover an area of 2m2. Important information Do not burn preserved wood. Dispose of all decking off-cuts as ordinary household waste. Do not burn on open fires, barbecues or stoves. Always wear gloves to avoid splinters and protect hands. Wear safety goggles when using power tools and a dust mask when cutting all timber components. All saw dust and construction debris should be cleaned and disposed of after construction. Avoid prolonged inhalation of sawdust and always wash hands before eating, drinking and smoking. Wash all work clothes separately from other household clothing. For decks over 600mm above ground level consult a reputable builder or structural engineer. Do not bridge the damp course or cover air bricks when fixing to the side of a house or building. Use Richard Burbidge fixings where stated. All other fixings should be either stainless steel, hot dipped galvanised or coated specifically for exterior use. All cut ends and drill holes on all treated timber deckboards, joists, posts and balustrades must be treated with a suitable proprietary end coat. Read all Richard Burbidge instructions carefully before commencing any construction and installation work. Due to the preservative treatment Richard Burbidge softwood treated decking is not suitable for use in direct contact with garden ponds. Mould growth can occur on treated and untreated timber during prolonged exposure to excessive moisture. To remove mould, first let the timber dry and then wash the effected area with mild soapy water.
Will it be functional, decorative or both? The size of the deck can be determined by a combination of available space, changes in the level of the site, access to existing services such as drains and overall project costs. If the deck is to be used as an alternative to a traditional paved patio then it needs to be large enough to allow the comfortable use of garden tables, chairs and benches. Will the deck be at ground level or elevated? Whilst elevated decks will allow better views of the surroundings it will also allow the surroundings such as your neighbours to have a better view of you. Trellis, balustrades and foliage will help screen unwanted views and provide some privacy.
Planning your deck
To make the most of the summer months plan the finished position of the deck to utilise existing shaded features such as trees or the sides of buildings. The heat reflected off a south facing wall will turn a cool deck into a warm one whilst trees will cool a south facing deck in the summer. Deckboard laying patterns should not be overlooked at the planning stage as they can affect the overall appearance of the finished deck. Position the deck so that it is easily seen from the house if children are to use unsupervised. If the proposed site is exposed to wind then a partial screen of balustrades, trellis or foliage will act as a wind break without completely blocking it and will also allow some cooling on warm days.
Drawing plans How well you consider size, usage, climate, views, privacy, costs, relationship to the house and overall site evaluation will determine how often you use the deck. Before setting out your ideas onto paper, walk the site and visualise how the deck will look from the house and its surroundings. Measure the site and transfer these measurements onto paper. A good working drawing is important as not only will it help visualise the finished deck but also make estimating the materials needed easier. Try and work to a reasonable size scale, 1:20 is ideal, using either graph paper or a scale ruler. Draw the deck and also add other design considerations such as boundaries, trees, buildings, shrub and planting borders. You may find two views help, a plan view showing the deck directly from above and an elevation from the side, this view helps if you have variations in ground level. As well as illustrating the overall size of the deck and deckboard laying pattern also include the position of post centres, posts, beam, joist and balustrade arrangements as this again makes estimating easier. Planning permission As a general rule domestic timber decks are regarded in exactly the same way as private patios and do not require planning approval unless they are within 20 metres of a road or higher than 300mm from the ground. If a deck forms part of the design features of a new building or extension, the size and shape of the deck should be included on drawings submitted for planning approval but the deck itself would not normally be subject to approval. For existing residential properties a ground level deck will not need to be submitted for approval under the current UK Building Regulations. A high level deck however will need to be designed to ensure that it will be structurally stable. As such calculations may be required proving the deck is capable of taking the necessary loading if the high level deck is submitted as part of a new house to your local Building Control office.
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Planning your deck
If there are any underground services beneath the proposed deck area such as drainage pipes and manhole covers you will need to add an easy access feature to the proposed deck design such as a trapdoor. Alternatively you may decide to reposition the deck to avoid underground services.
Timber decks for residential installation are not as such referenced in current UK Building Regulations. However as the regulations state that stairs and balustrades should be designed and installed for the safe movement in or about buildings it can be assumed that they do apply especially with regards to balustrades. The TDA (Timber Decking Association) technical bulletin on the design and construction of deck balustrade details two types of deck, low level and high level. A low level deck is any deck up to 600mm above ground level with high level referring to all other decks higher than 600mm. For low level residential decks the balustrade should be set at a minimum height of 900mm on both stairs and landings and resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.36kN/m, a uniformily distributed load applied to the infill of 0.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.25kN.
For commercial situations the guarding should be able to resist a horizontal loading of 0.74kN per metre for public stairs not susceptible to overcrowding and 1.5KN for all other public stairs. The maximum pitch for domestic stairs/steps is 42 and between 33 and 38 for public stairs/steps depending on its use. Private stairs/steps are defined as those used for only one dwelling using any rise between 155mm and 220mm with any going between 245mm and 260mm or alternatively any rise between 165mm and 200mm used with any going between 223mm and 300mm. Stairs/steps that serve a building where a substantial group of people gather are defined as Institutional & Assembly using any rise between 135mm and 180mm with any going between 280mm and 340mm. Stairs/steps for all other buildings are defined as Other with the rise described as 150mm and 190mm used with any going between 250mm and 320mm.
British Standards British Standards relevant to using wood externally that have relevance to designing and constructing decks and external balustrades include; BS 585 Part 1 1989: Wood stairs. Specification for stairs with closed risers for domestic use, including straight and winder flights and quarter or half landings. This document covers the specifications for stairs with closed risers for domestic use, including straight and winder flights and quarter or half landings. Appendix A of this standard gives details for the site fixing of stairs and Appendix B guidance for the design of stairs with winders. Other sections of this standard cover the recommendations for treads and risers, strings, newels, construction, handrails and balustrades. BS 585 Part 2 1985: Wood stairs. Specification for performance requirements for domestic stairs constructed of wood-based materials. Specifies the performance requirements for domestic straight flight stairs including those with quarter and half landings constructed from wood based materials. Appendix B of this standard includes details for test methods used to establish stair and tread deflection and balustrade static load and impact tests. BS 5395-1:2000: Stairs, Ladders and Walkways. Code of practice for the design, construction and maintenance of straight stairs and winders. Gives recommendations for the design, construction and maintenance of straight flight stairs including landings and winders in a number of materials and for all types of buildings. Table 1 of this document gives recommended sizes for private, public and assembly stairs and Figure 4 the relationship between the rise, going and pitch. This document also covers recommedations and guidance on safety including accidents on stairs, handrails, steps, rise, going, treads, pitch headroom and stair width. Section 10 gives details on the materials used to construct stairs including, timber, concrete, steel and aluminium. BS 5395 Part 2 1984: Stairs, ladders and walkways. Code of practice for the design of helical and spiral stairs. Scope covers recommendations for the design of both helical and spiral stairs used internally and externally in all types of buildings. This standard covers all stairs which are circular on plan. Table 2 details the sizes of stairs for small private, private, small-semi public, semi-public and public use. BS 6399 Part 1 1996: Loadings for buildings. Code of practice for dead and imposed loads. Gives recommended dead and imposed loads for use in designing new buildings and structures, alterations to existing buildings and the change of use to an existing construction. Section 10 and Table 4 covers parapets, barriers and balustrades and the minimum horizontal imposed loads.
Commercial decks in public areas used to move people through and not susceptible to overcrowding including stairs/steps, landings, external balconies and ramps should have the balustrade set at a minimum height of 900mm on stairs/steps and 1100mm on landings/horizontal guarding. The balustrade should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.74kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.0kN/m and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.5kN. Additionally balustrades in commerical areas with tables or fixed seating where people may congregate and are susceptible to overcrowding should have the balustrade set at 900mm on stairs and 1100mm for landings and horizontal guarding. Balustrades for these environments should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 1.5kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 1.5kN. The balustrade should be designed so that it is not easily climbable and not allow the passage of a 100mm sphere. Richard Burbidge offers different systems specifically designed for these different situations. Document K: Building Regulations 1992 This regulation details that stairs/steps should be designed, constructed and installed so that they are safe for people to use when moving between different levels in buildings. Key points include; Twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) should be between 550 and 700mm. Handrails should be provided to at least one side if the stairs/steps are less than 1 metre wide. For stairs/steps wider than 1 metre handrails should be provided to both sides. There is no need for a handrail beside the bottom 2 stairs/steps. For ground level domestic situations the handrail should be set at a minimum height of 900mm on both stairs and landings. For raised level domestic situations the handrail should be set at a minimum of 900mm on stairs/steps and 1100mm for landings/horizontal guarding. For public situations the handrail should be set at a minimum height of 900mm on stairs and 1100mm on landings/horizontal guarding. There should be no opening in the balustrade/guarding that would allow the passage of a 100mm sphere The "guarding" should be able to resist a horizontal loading of 0.36kN per metre run for ground level domestic situations and 0.74kN per metre for raised level domestic situations.
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High level domestic decks and external balconies (all decks and balustrades over 600mm above ground level) should have the balustrade set at a minimum height of 900mm for stairs/steps and 1100mm on landings/horizontal guarding. The balustrade should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.74kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.0kN/m and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.5kN.
When calculating the relationship between the rise and going the dimensions should be twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) must be between 550mm and 700mm.
BS 6180 1999: Barriers in and about buildings, code of practice. Covers recommendations for the design and construction of both permanent and temporary barriers provided in buildings and places of assembly. Contents include, design criteria, loadings and safety details, and barriers in various materials including concrete, glass, masonry, metals, aluminium and timber. Richard Burbidge balustrades are certified by BM TRADA, certification number 001 and meet the requirements of and are registered within the BM TRADA certification scheme for timber balustrades. BS 5268-2 Structural use of timber. Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship. This British Standard gives recommendations for stress grades applicable to timber when used as members, as part of a construction and as part of a structure including other components. Detailing for the design of nailed, screwed, bolted, dowelled, connected and glued joints are are also covered. This document additionally gives recommendations for test methods to assess structural assemblies with guidance on workmanship, treatments, inspection and maintenance. BS EN 350-1 Durability of wood and wood based products. Covers wood classification systems, hazards, grading, sampling, durability and physical properties. Used in conjunction with BS EN 350-2 which details guidance on the natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe. Suitability for use Richard Burbidge external balustrade systems in all timber types have been independently tested by both TRADA and FIRA for conformity with UK Building Regulations. All balustrade systems conform with the requirements for domestic use as detailed in Table 4 of BS 6399 : Part 1 : 1996 Loadings for buildings. Domestic settings - All areas within or serving exclusively one dwelling including stairs and landings, the balustrades should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.36kN/m, a uniformily distributed load applied to the infill of 0.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.25kN. For decks above 600mm above ground balustrades need to conform to the same requirements as the heavier loadings detailed in the commercial settings section. Raised domestic and light commercial settings - Some of our systems have been tested and conform to the increased loading requirements for commercial applications which are defined as areas not susceptible to overcrowding in office, leisure and institutional buildings such as hotels, doctors and dental surgeries and stairs in multi occupancy buildings such as apartments. In these applications the increased requirements detail that a balustrade should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.74kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.0kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.5kN. Heavy commercial settings - Additionally balustrades in commerical areas with tables or fixed seating where people may congregate and are susceptible to overcrowding should have the balustrade set at 900mm on stairs and 1100mm for landings and horizontal guarding. Balustrades for these environments should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 1.5kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 1.5kN.
The Timber Decking Association Richard Burbidge Ltd is a member of the Timber Decking Association (TDA) which is a technical and advisory organistaion that provides guidance on the materials and practices required to create high quality decks and associated structures. For further information contact Timber Decking Association, 5 Flemming Court, Castleford, West Yorkshire WF10 5HW Tel: 01977 558147, www.tda.org.uk. The Deck-Mark Certification Scheme is a third party product certification scheme operated on behalf of the TDA. The scheme is based on recognised quality assurance standards (ISO 9000) and confirms compliance to the best practice guidance and relevant British Standards and ensures that any Richard Burbidge outdoor balustrade product is of the highest standard.
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Deck-Mark Plus is an extension of the TDAs Deck-Mark Scheme and applies to products manufactured in accordance with Deck-Mark but which also have a performance rating in line with BS EN ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems and BS EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems.
Building your deck
Building your deck

Fig.1
Constructing the frame Please read these instructions carefully and with the appropriate balustrade installation instructions prior to building your deck. If the deck is to be attached to the side of a house or building, the finished level of the deck should be at least two brick courses below the damp course level. Use a Richard Burbidge 150 x 47mm joist as a wall plate/ledger to carry and support the joists. Keep the wall plate off the wall by approximately 10mm by packing behind the plate or by fixing washers over the wall plate fixing (Fig. 1). This will allow water running down the face of the brickwork to pass behind rather than on top of the plate. Alternatively if fixing the wall plate directly to the wall use a metal flashing keyed into the mortar in the brickwork and dressed down over the plate to keep water off the top surface. For ground level and elevated decks it is important that the proposed site is marked out accurately if you want the finished deck to be square. To create a square deck and determine the overall size, mark out the area using a basic building technique consisting of batter boards (horizontal boards with a peg at each end to secure into the ground), pegs and string line (Fig. 2). To check the corners are 90 use a 3-4-5 builders square, which you can construct from straight lengths of timber, creating a triangle with sides in the ratio of 3-4-5 e.g. 60cm, 80cm and 100cm. Adjust the string lines accordingly until square (Fig. 2).
Fig.3
Fig.2
Building your deck
The construction methods for building either a ground level deck or elevated deck are basically the same; both are fixed to a frame constructed of Richard Burbidge 150 x 47mm joists. The main difference between the two is that for ground level decks you can use concrete paving slabs if desired rather than structural posts and beams to support the decks frame (Fig. 3). Ground level decks As previously mentioned, a ground level deck can be laid onto concrete paving slabs. Use a minimum slab size of 600 x 600 x 50mm and bed these into position with either mortar, sand and cement or sand. Space the paving slabs at maximum centres of 1800mm. The frame to support and fix the deckboards is constructed from Richard Burbidge 150 x 47mm joists. These should be spaced at maximum 400mm centres and fixed to each other using Richard Burbidge landscape screws and/or galvanised nails, joist hangers, metal angles or 100 x 100mm timber offcuts. For additional strength, noggins (offcuts of joists) are then fixed at 90 to the joist. Alternatively your ground level deck can be constructed as detailed in the elevated deck section (Fig. 4). Elevated decks Richard Burbidge decking materials and accessories are suitable for decks elevated up to 600mm above ground. For high level decks over 600mm consult a reputable builder or structural engineer. Elevated decks can be free standing or have one or more sides attached to the side of a house, building or wall. The joist frame used to support and fix the deckboards is in turn supported by posts and beams. Beams are constructed from Richard Burbidge joists and structural posts. Posts should be spaced at maximum centres of 1800mm. Fix the posts into the holes using concrete, cap the top of the concrete with a trowel so that water runs away from the posts. Once the posts have set, attach the beams to the posts using Richard Burbidge 150mm landscape screws at the desired height. The joist frame is then fixed to the beams by skew nailing or screwing with joist centres at maximum 400mm centres. For additional strength as with ground level decks, noggins should then be fixed at 90 to the joists. For maximum strength and stability fix the joists to the ledger boards/wall plates and framing joists using joist hangers. Fixing deckboards There are three ways of fixing deckboards, either by using Richard Burbidge secret fix deck ties or traditional fixing using screws or nails. Unless your deck design uses standard lengths of deckboards you will need to stagger the deckboards to cover the deck area. To prevent movement and give structural stability staggered boards must be fixed to a double joist (Fig. 5). It is perfectly natural for deckboards to swell when wet and shrink when dry. Some variation in the gaps between the deckboards is therefore inevitable and these gaps will vary in size from season to season. 136 137
1800mm
m 1800m m 1800m
1800mm
Fig.4
Ledger Board
18 00 mm
All spacing between posts must not exceed 1800mm max.
18 00 mm
Fig.5
Building your deck
Building your deck
Building your deck

Fig.6a Fig.6b
Deck ties You can eliminate installation damage to the face of deckboards, which can happen when screwing or nailing by using Richard Burbidge deck ties (Fig. 6a). Deck ties automatically space the deckboards and are completely hidden when fixed. Please note when using deck ties for fixing deckboards during the planning stage you must allow for the joist arrangement to be at 90 to the finished deckboard laying pattern. The back edge of the first deckboard should be fixed to the joists using Richard Burbidge 75mm ceramic galvanised screws (Fig. 6b). Countersink and fill the screw head to prevent possible injury to feet. Once the first row of deckboards has been fixed, position deck ties in the centre of each joist and to the edge of the deckboard. Use a hammer to knock the deck ties into the joists and tap the face of the deck ties so that they are flush with the edge of the deckboard, secure using Richard Burbidge 40mm annular ring nails (Fig. 7). Place the back edge of the next board against the spikes of the previously fixed deck ties and using a timber block to protect the board knock onto the spikes with a hammer. To prevent the board springing along its length off the deck ties this is best done with two people (Fig. 9). Repeat this procedure until all the deckboards have been fixed. The final board should be fixed exactly as the first board, through the face of the deckboard using Richard Burbidge 75mm ceramic galvanised screws (Fig. 8). Traditional fixing For traditional fixing use either nails or screws. We recommend Richard Burbidge 75mm ceramic galvanised screws as the preferred traditional fixing option as damaged individual deckboards are far easier to remove and replace. Whichever fixing method you choose it is essential to use fixings of at least 75mm in length. The deckboards should be fixed along their length to every supporting joist using 2 fixings per face/joist. Keep the fixings at least 25mm from the ends and edges of the boards and to minimise the risk of splitting it is recommended that the boards be predrilled to accommodate the fixings. The boards should be spaced with a 6 to 9mm gap to allow for drainage and movement. Unless the size of the deck has been designed and planned to use single length boards it will be necessary to join boards along their length. It is essential that joined boards must always meet over a joist. Use additional sections of joist to increase the area for fixing. To avoid injury to feet, nail and screw heads should always be fixed below the surface of the deckboards. Countersink screw heads below surface and use a nail punch for nails. Check once or twice a season and retighten or re-punch any raised fixings. Use an endcoat preservative on all surfaces exposed by drilling and cutting. Steps The height and position of your deck will influence the style and height of your steps. Steps can be constructed from a combination of posts, joists and deckboards or Richard Burbidge cut strings. The Richard Burbidge ranges include 2 sizes of cut strings for step building both having individual rises of 190mm. 3 step string/570mm rise and 5 step string/950mm rise. The number of steps and risers required will be determined by the height of the deck and the available space in front of it. Position the strings at right angles to the deck (Fig. 10) at maximum 400mm centres and fix to the joists using suitable galvanised brackets or joist hangers. At ground level rest and fix strings to paving slabs or concrete slabs for maximum stability. Treads are created from deckboards allowing 30mm to overhang each string. Fix the deckboards to the strings using Richard Burbidge deck ties or 75mm ceramic galvanised screws. Additional fixings such as galvanised angle brackets can also be used.
Fig.10 Fig.8 Fig.7
Building your deck
Fig.9
138
139
Building your deck
Outdoor configurations
Traditional
The following figures illustrate our Traditional, Classic, Contemporary including our unique FUSION outdoor balustrades and Hardwood ranges. Balustrades for ground level and up to 600mm above ground level in domestic situations achieve handrail heights of 900mm and are tested for domestic installations at 0.36kN/m. Balustrades for raised domestic situations (more than 600mm above ground level) and light commercial settings are tested to the higher loadings of 0.74kN/m with handrail heights of 1100mm. Each range of balustrade is independently tested by TRADA (Timber Research And Development Association) and FIRA (Furniture Industry Research Association) and complies with UK Buildings Regulations. Richard Burbidge Ltd is a member of the TDA Timber Decking Association whose aim is to ensure that timber decking will not only be suitable for purpose but also meet British Standards.
Fig. 1 Traditional Colonial system - ground level
3 3 2 4 1
Traditional
Installation instructions for each range and how to finish and maintain your balustrades can also be found in the resources section for each range within our website.
LD200 Colonial spindle LD202/250 82mm Colonial newel LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail 1800mm LD333 Twist bracket Note: LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail, can be used as an alternative to the LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail. Fig. 2 Traditional Square baluster system - ground level
1 2 3 4
4 3 3
2 4 1
2 3
LD252/226 Square baluster 32mm or Square baluster 41mm LD207/209/251 Patrice newel 75mm, Patrice newel 82mm LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail 1800mm LD333 Twist bracket Note: LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail, can be used as an alternative to the LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail.
1 2 3 4
140
141
Traditional
For further information on how to plan your project and create parts lists for your outdoor balustrades and decking project why not try our free on-line planning service DECKPLANNER via our website www.richardburbidge.com.
Traditional
Traditional
Fig. 3 Traditional Stop chamfered system - ground level
Fig. 5 Traditional timber panel system - ground level
4 3 3
3 3
2 4 1
6 4 2
Traditional
LD248 Stop chamfered baluster 41mm LD249 Stop chamfered newel 82mm with LD204 Patrice newel cap LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail 1800mm LD333 Twist bracket Note: LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail, can be used as an alternative to the LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail.
1 2 3 4
LD202/250/209/251 Colonial or Patrice newel 82mm Timber or metal balusters LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail 1800mm LD211/212/228/229 Timber panels LC244 Baserail support bracket LD333 Twist bracket Note: LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail, can be used as an alternative to the LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fig. 4 Traditional glass panel ground and raised level systems
Fig. 6 Traditional metal baluster and panel system
4 3 3 4 2 4 1 7 5 3 2 4
2 3 1 4 6
1 2 3 4
142
LD256 & LD256PACK / LD258 & LD258PACK Ground and raised level glass panels with brackets LD249/LD257 Ground and raised level stop chamfered newel 82mm with LD204 Patrice newel cap LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail LD333 Twist bracket
LD202/250/209/251 Colonial or Patrice newel 82mm Metal balusters and panels LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail 1800mm LD244 Baserail support bracket LD333 Twist bracket Note: LD265 Large Traditional handrail with fillet and LD246 Large Traditional baserail, can be used as an alternative to the LD201C Traditional multi-purpose rail.
1 2,3,5 4 6 7
143
Traditional
Classic
Classic
Fig. 7 Classic square spindle system - ground level
Fig. 9 Classic glass panel system - ground level
5 4 3 1 2
5 4 3 1 2
Classic
1 2 3 4 5
LD252/226 Square baluster 32mm or 41mm LD224 82mm Square newel LD259 L rail LD220 Capping rail LD230 Fixing strap
1 2 3 4 5
LD262/LD262PACK Glass panel LD224 Square newel LD263 Glass panel carrying rail with fillet LD220 Capping rail LD330 Fixing strap
4 5
Fig. 8 Classic metal baluster system - ground level
Fig. 10 Classic American system
5 4 3 2 1
1 3
1 2 3 4 5
144
LD260/LD261 Victorian and Abbey metal balusters LD224 82mm Square newel LD259 L rail LD220 Capping rail LD230 Fixing strap
1 2 3 4
5
LD207/LD955/LD950 27mm and 32mm American balusters LD207/209/251 75mm and 82mm Patrice newels LD206 American rail 1800mm LD309 Balustrade bolt LD311 Cover cap
145
Classic
Contemporary
Contemporary
Fig. 11 Contemporary round spindle system - ground and raised level
Fig. 13 Contemporary FUSION system - ground level
3 4
7
1 5 2
2 6 1 3 4
Contemporary
4 1
Softwood 1 LD218 Round rail 2200mm 2 LD227 Round spindle 900mm 3 LD220 Capping rail 2400mm 4 LD223 90mm Round newel 5 LD559 Rail to newel bracket - landing
LD558 - Rail to newel bracket - rake
Hardwood 1 LD561 Round rail 1800mm 2 LD560 Round spindle 900mm 3 LD563 Capping rail 1800mm 4 LD562 90mm Round newel 5 LD559 Rail to newel bracket - landing
LD558 - Rail to newel bracket - rake
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LD500 Aluminium rail with brackets LD503/LD503PACK Hardwood baluster LD505 Hardwood slatted panel LD504 Acrylic panel LD501 Hardwood top rail LD502 Aluminium newel LD506 Rail to rail bracket LD507 - Rail to newel bracket
Fig. 12 Contemporary glass panel system - ground and raised level

5
Fig. 14 Contemporary FUSION system - raised level
11
3 4 1 5 2
10
7 1 3 4
5 6
4 1
Softwood 1 LD218 Round rail 2200mm 2 LD258/LD258PACK Glass panel 3 4 5

146 with brackets LD220 Capping rail 2400mm LD223 90mm Round newel LD559 Rail to newel bracket
Hardwood 1 LD561 Round rail 2200mm 2 LD258/LD258PACK Glass panel 3 4 5

with brackets LD563 Capping rail 2400mm LD562 90mm Round newel LD559 Rail to newel bracket
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
LD575 Aluminium newel LD578 Aluminium rail LD580 Hardwood slatted panel LD579 Large glass panel LD584 Small glass panel LD582 Aluminium rail to wall bracket LC581 Hardwood baluster LD577 Newel to timber rail support bracket LD576 Rail to rail bracket LD585 Hardwood rail LD583 End cap for hardwood top rail
147
Contemporary
Hardwood
Fig. 15 Hardwood Colonial system - ground and raised level
Hardwood
Fig. 17 Hardwood Flat baluster system - ground and raised level
6 4 3
3 4
6 1
6 1
Hardwood
1 2 3 4 5 6
LD750/773 41mm Colonial spindle 900mm and 1100mm LD761/776 90mm Colonial newel LD770 Capping rail 2000mm LD754 Handrail 1800mm LD755 Baserail LD335 Twist bracket
1 2 3 4 5 6
LD751/LD772 Flat baluster 900mm and 1100mm LD760/LD777 90mm Square newel LD770 Capping rail 2000mm LD754 Handrail 1800mm LD756 L rail LD335 Twist bracket
Fig. 16 Hardwood Square system - ground and raised level
6 4 3
6 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
148
LD758/759 41mm Square baluster 900mm and 1100mm LD760/777 90mm Square newel LD770 Capping rail 2000mm LD754 Handrail 1800mm LD756 L rail LD335 Twist bracket
149
Hardwood
Maintenance & finishing
Maintenance & finishing
Richard Burbidge softwood decking components are treated with Osmose Naturewood with an anti-fungal additive which is a modern copper based preservative treatment. After treatment the components will have a green appearance weathering to natural honey brown colour before eventually fading to a driftwood grey after long term exposure to the sun. All Richard Burbidge softwood timber decking materials are manufactured from European Redwood/British grown Scots Pine, a light coloured knotty softwood used extensively in UK construction work. It is perfectly natural as the timber weathers for some surface checking and splitting to occur due to the natural variation in moisture content and the effects of wetting and drying. These surface defects will have no adverse effect to the decks structure. Once the installation is complete you may wish to apply a proprietary deck cleaner which removes the build up of dirt and grease that can occur during construction, deck cleaners also brighten the timber. Any treated or untreated timber exposed to the natural elements should be protected from the weather. To enhance the treated softwood decking apply either a proprietary clear water repellent or semi-transparent stain. Before applying the finish you must make sure your deck and balustrades are dry. Test by sprinkling drops of water onto the timbers surface. If the wood does not absorb the water, wait a few days to allow the timber to dry out and retest before application. Hardwood balustrades Richard Burbidge Hardwood external balustrades are manufactured from Sapele, a dark hardwood similar to a mahogany colour of reddish brown. Although moderately durable any untreated timber exposed to the natural elements should be protected from the weather to make them more resistant to picking up moisture. To enhance and protect the hardwood balustrade apply either a proprietary clear water repellent, semi-transparent stain or decking oil. Before applying the finish you must make sure your balustrades are dry. Test by sprinkling drops of water onto the timbers surface. If the wood does not absorb the water, wait a few days to allow the timber to dry out and retest before application. Balustrade maintenance For both softwood and hardwood timber balustrade components always follow the seal, stain or oil manufacturers recommendations and test on an off-cut or hidden surface. How often you apply further coats of water seal, stain or oil will depend on the balustrades usage, and we recommend that all components be recoated at least once a year. Please refer to the manufacturers recommendations. For non-timber items such as acrylic panels and zinc alloy posts and rails use a soft cloth, luke warm water and a mild detergent. Do not polish or use abrasive cleaners and scourers as these can damage and scratch the surface coatings. Deck maintenance How often you clean the deck will depend on its usage and position in relation to trees and foliage. Once or twice a season give the deck a brush with a stiff broom which will not only maintain the appearance but also remove algae and reduce the risk of slipperiness. The deck can be given an annual clean using a hosepipe and if necessary a proprietary deck cleaner and brightener. Surface resin can be removed using a sharp broadfaced chisel and the area then recoated. Use a knife to remove any debris that has built up in the grooves between deckboards as these gaps allow for drainage and air circulation. Check all fixings and repunch nail heads and retighten all screwheads if required. Osmose Naturewood Richard Burbidge softwood decking components are treated with Osmose Naturewood, a preservative treatment that is based on copper and an organic co-biocide (Alkaline Copper Quaternary). Alkaline Copper Quaternary systems have provided proven performance for almost a decade in locations throughout Europe, North America, Australia and Japan. Products treated with Osmose Naturewood will initially have a green appearance that highlights the natural variations of the wood; this will weather to an attractive natural honey brown colour before finally fading to driftwood grey after long-term exposure to the sun. Osmose Naturewood treated timber can be painted or stained to match any outdoor colour scheme. Always follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
Osmose Naturewood important information Do not burn preserved wood. Wear a dust mask and goggles when cutting or sanding wood. Wear gloves when working with wood. Some preservative may migrate from the treated wood into soil/water or may dislodge from the treated wood surface upon contact with skin. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly. All sawdust and construction debris should be cleaned up and disposed of after construction. Wash work clothes separately from other household clothing before re-use. Preserved wood should not be used where it may come into direct contact or indirect contact with drinking water, except for uses involving incidental contact such as fresh water docks and bridges. Do not use preserved wood under circumstances where the preservative may become a component of food, animal feed, or beehives. Do not use preserved wood for mulch. Only preserved wood that is visibly clean and free of surface residue should be used. Disposal recommendations: Preserved wood may be disposed of in landfills or burned in commercial or industrial incinerators or boilers in accordance with national and regional regulations. If you want to apply paint, stain, clear water repellent or other finishes to your preservative treated wood, we recommend following the manufacturers instructions of the chosen finishing product. Before you start, we recommend you apply the finishing product to a small test area before finishing the entire project to ensure it provides the intended result. Mould growth can and does occur on the surface of many products, including treated or untreated wood, during prolonged surface exposure to excessive moisture conditions. To remove mould from treated wood surfaces, the wood should be allowed to dry and then washed with mild soap and water. End seal Use an end coat preservative on all surfaces exposed by drilling or cutting. Further information For further information and current range of finishing products available please contact: Cuprinol Ltd, Wexham Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL2 5DS, Tel 01753 550555, www.cuprinol.co.uk Ronseal Ltd, Thorncliffe Park, Chapeltown, Sheffield, S35 2YP, Tel 0114 240 9469, www.ronseal.co.uk
Maintenance
150
151
Maintenance
Commercial
Technical details
Commercial stair balustrade Building Regulations - 153 Commercial staircase configurations - 154 to 160 Commercial outdoor balustrade Building Regulations - 161 to 162 Commercial outdoor balustrade - 163 Juliette balconies - 164 Maintenance and finishing advice - 165 to 167
The following illustrations show FUSION Commercial balustrade in use in non domestic situations with handrails set at 900mm stairs and 1100mm landings. Within the 1992 Building Regulations (part K), there are several different categories of building type that fall within the general area of non domestic. The reason for the distinction is that different strength requirements are demanded according to the buildings usage, specifically: Category A - Factories/warehouses (light traffic) Category B - Residential (e.g. flats, old peoples homes, educational, office and public buildings) Category C - Retail premises In all three of these building types the requirement concerning handrail height differs from that in domestic housing. The minimum handrail heights permitted are 900mm for rake of stairs and 1100mm for landings. The regulations specify a strength requirement as follows (from above): category A: 0.36kN/m (as per domestic); category B:0.74kN/m; category C: 1.5kN/m. Richard Burbidge Commercial stair balustrade is fully strength tested, this includes not just the system conforming to details as laid out above but also for individual infill tests carried in accordance with BS6180 for categories A and B above. Note: This does not include balustrade used for aesthetic purposes only in retail situations e.g. room dividers, providing they are not guarding a difference in height greater than 380mm.
As well as CAD drawings we also offer NBS specifications to seamlessly incorporate technical detail into your plans and a CPD course looking at the steps required when specifying internal balustrade. For further information on any of this please don't hesitate to contact us +44 (0) 1691 678351 or info@richardburbidge.co.uk
153
Technical helpline and bespoke planning service We understand how complex planning balustrade can be, and we also appreciate the frustration this brings with it. We want to make it as easy as possible for you to incorporate Richard Burbidge balustrade into your projects. So we'll take your plans and work out the complete specification for you. We'll give you technical feedback, supply drawings, CAD images and even fully costed parts lists where required. All at no cost - it's simply part of our service.
FUSION Commercial
Fig. 1 Bottom of flight - FUSION Commercial straight step closed string INCB
FUSION Commercial
Fig 4. Bottom of flight - FUSION Commercial dogleg with bullnose step closed string RHR RHR
Pre-finished round handrail Pre-finished round handrail
INCB
BCB
Bottom connector
CSB
BCB
Bottom connector
CSB
NBCB
CNP950WOF
Newel
NBCB SBR
Newel base connector Pre-finished ungrooved baserail
CNP950WOF
Newel
SBR
NBCB
NBCB
510mm
Newel base
915mm
Newel base
Fig. 2 Bottom of flight - FUSION Commercial straight step cut string INCB
Fig. 5 Bottom of flight - FUSION Commercial winders closed string RHR

RHR
INCB
FUSION Commercial
BCB
Bottom connector
NBCB CSB
Staircase baluster & bracket Newel base connector
CSB BCB
Bottom connector Staircase baluster & bracket
SBCB CNP950WOF
Newel Suspended baserail connector
SBR
SBR
CNP950WOF
Newel
NBCB
NBCB
Base connector
1375mm
Newel base
510mm
Newel base
Fig. 3 Bottom of flight - FUSION Commercial straight with bullnose step closed string
Fig. 6 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial quarter turn with landing closed string BCB
Bottom connector
RHR
INCB
RHR
CNP950WOF
Newel
TCB
Top connector
CSB
BCB
Bottom connector
CSB
915mm INCB
Intermediate newel connector Newel base
CNP950WOF
Newel
NBCB
NBCB
SBR
NBCB
915mm
Newel base
SBR
154
155
FUSION Commercial
FUSION Commercial
Fig. 7 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial quarter turn with landing cut string BCB
Bottom connector
FUSION Commercial
Fig. 10 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial extended half landing cut string ALB
Adjustable landing connector
RHR
Pre-finished Round Handrail
INCB
LCB CSB CNP950WOF

Newel Staircase baluster & bracket Landing connector
CTB
Transition connector
TCB
Top connector
RHR
TCB
Top connector
915mm
Newel base
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
SBR
INCB
NBCB
915mm
Newel base
CSB
SBCB
NBCB
SBR Pre-finished ungrooved baserail Fig. 8 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial quarter turn with winders closed string BCB
Bottom connector
SBCB
Fig. 11 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial extended half landing cut string ALB
CTB
Transition connector
INCB
CNP950WOF
Newel
FUSION Commercial
NBCB
LCB
Landing connector
RHR
2000mm
Newel base
SBR
TCB
Top connector
SBR
ICB
RHR
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
CSB
INCB
915mm
Newel base
NBCB
NBCB
SBCB
Fig 9. Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial half landing off set risers closed string LCB CTB INCB
Intermediate newel connector Transition connector Landing connector
Fig. 12 Intermediate landing - FUSION Commercial half landing riser to riser closed string BCB
Bottom connector
ECB
End cap
RHR
RHR
NTB
Newel tie
SBR Pre-finished ungrooved baserail INCB

ECB
End cap
SBR
TCB
Top connector
NTB
Newel tie
NBCB
TCB
Top connector
CSB
CNP950WOF
Prefinished newel
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
INCB
915mm
Newel base
CSB
NBCB
NBCB
915mm
Newel base
NBCB
156
157
FUSION Commercial
CSB
FUSION Commercial
Fig.13 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 180 turn closed string UHTB
Universal horizontal turn
FUSION Commercial
Fig. 16 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 90 turn closed string LCB RHR
Pre-finished round handrail Landing connector
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
TCB
Top connector
SBCB LCB
Landing connector Suspended baserail connector
NBCB RHR
Pre-finished round handrail Newel base connector
CLB
TCB
Top connector
CLB
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
SBR
NBCB
INCB
700mm
Newel base
SBCB
NBCB
INCB
700mm
Newel base
CSB
Suspended baserail connector Pre-finished ungrooved baserail NBCB Newel base connector
SBR
CSB
Fig. 14 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 180 turn cut string UHTB
Fig. 17 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 90 turn cut string LCB RHR
Pre-finished round handrail Landing connector Top connector
FUSION Commercial
LCB
Landing connector
NBCB
NBCB
TCB
Top connector
CLB
RHR
CLB
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
NBCB
SBR
700mm
Newel base
SBR
INCB
700mm
Newel base
SBCB
SBCB
INCB
CSB
CNP950WOF CSB
Pre-finished newel Staircase baluster & bracket
Fig. 15 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 180 turn and winders closed string UHTB
Fig. 18 Top landings - FUSION Commercial top landing with 90 turn and extra rise closed string LCB
Landing connector
UHTB
RHR
RHR
CLB
WCB
Wall connector
SBCB LCB
Landing connector Suspended baserail connector
CLB
INCB
TCB
Top connector
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
SBCB
NBCB
SBR
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
NBCB
ICB
NBCB
NBCB
SBR
1375mm
Newel base
CSB
915mm
Newel base
CSB
158
159
FUSION Commercial
TCB
FUSION Commercial
Fig. 19 Top landings - FUSION Commercial landing or horizontal balustrade RHR
Commercial outdoor balustrade Building Regulations & British Standards

The TDA (Timber Decking Association) technical bulletin on the design and construction of deck parapets details two types of deck, low level and high level. A low level deck is any deck up to 600mm above ground level with high level referring to all other decks higher than 600mm. SBR
WCB
Wall connector
LCB
Landing connector
CLB
Commercial decks in public areas used to move people through and not susceptible to overcrowding including stairs/steps, landings, external balconies and ramps should have the balustrade set at a minimum height of 900mm on stairs/steps and 1100mm on landings/horizontal guarding. The balustrade should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.74kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.0kN/m and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.5kN. Additionally balustrades in commerical areas with tables or fixed seating where people may congregate and are susceptible to overcrowding should have the balustrade set at 900mm on stairs and 1100mm for landings and horizontal guarding. Balustrades for these environments should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 1.5kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 1.5kN. The balustrade should be designed so that it is not easily climbable and not allow the passage of a 100mm sphere. British Standards British Standards relevant to commercial external balustrades include; BS 6399 Part 1 1996: Loadings for buildings. Code of practice for dead and imposed loads.
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
NBCB
SBCB
700mm
Newel base
Fig. 20 Top landings - FUSION Commercial landing mid newel

ILCB
Intermediate landing connector
FUSION Commercial
CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
BS 6180 1999: Barriers in and about buildings, code of practice. Covers recommendations for the design and construction of both permanent and temporary barriers provided in buildings and places of assembly. Contents include, design criteria, loadings and safety details, and barriers in various materials including concrete, glass, masonry, metals, aluminium and timber. Richard Burbidge balustrades are certified by BM TRADA, certification number 001 and meet the requirements of and are registered within the BM TRADA certification scheme for timber balustrades. SBCB 700mm
Newel base
CLB
NBCB
Newel base connector Suspended baserail connector
BS 5268-2 Structural use of timber. Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship. This British Standard gives recommendations for stress grades applicable to timber when used as members, as part of a construction and as part of a structure including other components. Detailing for the design of nailed, screwed, bolted, dowelled, connected and glued joints are are also covered. This document additionally gives recommendations for test methods to assess structural assemblies with guidance on workmanship, treatments, inspection and maintenance. BS EN 350-1 Durability of wood and wood based products. Covers wood classification systems, hazards, grading, sampling, durability and physical properties. Used in conjunction with BS EN 350-2 which details guidance on the natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe.
Fig. 21 Top landings - FUSION Commercial landing corner landing newel

CNP950WOF
Pre-finished newel
ALB
CLB
Landing baluster & bracket Pre-finished ungrooved baserail
NBCB 700mm SBCB

Suspended baserail connector Newel base Newel base connector
160
161
Gives recommended dead and imposed loads for use in designing new buildings and structures, alterations to existing buildings and the change of use to an existing construction. Section 10 and Table 4 covers parapets, barriers and balustrades and the minimum horizontal imposed loads.
FUSION Commercial
Suitability for use Richard Burbidge external balustrade systems in all timber types have been independently tested by both TRADA and FIRA for conformity with UK Building Regulations. All balustrade systems conform with the requirements for domestic use as detailed in Table 4 of BS 6399 : Part 1 : 1996 Loadings for buildings. Domestic settings - All areas within or serving exclusively one dwelling including stairs and landings, the balustrades should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.36kN/m, a uniformily distributed load applied to the infill of 0.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.25kN. For decks above 600mm above ground balustrades need to conform to the same requirements as the heavier loadings detailed in the commercial settings section. Raised domestic and light commercial settings - Some of our systems have been tested and conform to the increased loading requirements for commercial applications which are defined as areas not susceptible to overcrowding in office, leisure and institutional buildings such as hotels, doctors and dental surgeries and stairs in multi occupancy buildings such as apartments. In these applications the increased requirements detail that a balustrade should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 0.74kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.0kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 0.5kN. Heavy commercial settings - Additionally, balustrades in commerical areas with tables or fixed seating where people may congregate and are susceptible to overcrowding should have the balustrade set at 900mm on stairs and 1100mm for landings and horizontal guarding. Balustrades for these environments should resist a minimum horizontal uniformly distributed line load of 1.5kN/m, a uniformly distributed load applied to the infill of 1.5kN/m2 and a point load applied to part of the infill of 1.5kN.
FUSION commercial outdoor balustrade options
11 8 9 10
7 1 3 4
5 6
The Timber Decking Association Richard Burbidge Ltd is a member of the Timber Decking Association (TDA) which is a technical and advisory organistaion that provides guidance on the materials and practices required to create high quality decks and associated structures. For further information contact Timber Decking Association, 5 Flemming Court, Castleford, West Yorkshire WF10 5HW Tel: 01977 558147, www.tda.org.uk. The Deck-Mark Certification Scheme is a third party product certification scheme operated on behalf of the TDA. The scheme is based on recognised quality assurance standards (ISO 9000) and confirms compliance to the best practice guidance and relevant British Standards and ensures that any Richard Burbidge outdoor balustrade product is of the highest standard. Deck-Mark Plus is an extension of the TDAs Deck-Mark Scheme and applies to products manufactured in accordance with Deck-Mark but which also have a performance rating in line with BS EN ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems and BS EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems. Planning permission As a general rule domestic timber decks are regarded in exactly the same way as private paved patios and do not require planning approval unless they are within 20 metres of a road or higher than 3 metres above ground level. If a deck forms part of the design features of a new building or extension, the size and shape of the deck should be included on drawings submitted for planning approval but the deck itself would not normally be subject to approval. For existing residential properties a ground level deck will not need to be submitted for approval under the current UK Building Regulations. A high level deck however will need to be designed to ensure that it will be structurally stable. As such calculations may be required proving the deck is capable of taking the necessary loading if the high level deck is submitted as part of a new house to your local Building Control office.
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FUSION Commercial
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
LD575 Aluminium newel LD578 Aluminium rail LD580 Hardwood slatted panel LD579 Large glass panel LD584 Small glass panel LD582 Aluminium rail to wall bracket LC581 Hardwood baluster LD577 Newel to timber rail support bracket LD576 Rail to rail bracket LD585 Hardwood rail or LD586/LD587 Metal handrail LD583 End cap for hardwood top rail
FUSION Commercial
Finishing advice
Our Juliette balconies are available in a range of sizes and style offerings. You can choose from the clean lines of the single handrail option illustrated in Fig. 1 or opt for the choice of additional handrails in either metal or timber as illustrated in Fig. 2 Richard Burbidge Juliette balconies are suitable for openings from 600mm to 2010mm and provide a safe and attractive balustrade solution.
FUSION Commercial indoor balustrade FUSION Commercial products are now pre-finished. However for retrospective refinishing ensure correct preparation of the surface, filling of nail holes and sanding to remove marks which have occurred during installation, for example. We recommend that all finishes are applied to test pieces so that the finish obtained is the one that you wish to achieve. Please read manufacturers instructions carefully. Richard Burbidge display models are spray lacquered. A similar finish can be achieved using brush applied methods follow the simple guidelines alongside for a perfect finish. Brush applied varnish 1. Sand the surface with a fine grade sandpaper. Traces of dust and grease can be removed using a cloth dampened with white spirit. 2. First coat - mix together one part white spirit, three parts polyurethane clear varnish and if a colour is required one part spirit based wood stain/dye. 3. Allow at least eight hours to dry. Lightly rub down using a fine grade wire wool and apply a coat of clear varnish only.
Fig. 1
LD656
Return to wall brackets x 4
LD655
Rail end caps x 4
4. Allow at least eight hours to dry and apply two further coats of clear varnish. Spray applied varnish
LD654 LD662
OS glass panel with 4 x panel brackets Aluminium rail
1. Rub down with 240 grit sandpaper and apply one coat of sanding/sealer. 2. Allow to dry and denib/sand with a fine grade wire wool. 3. Apply two coats of pre-cat lacquer (if a coloured finish is required use tinted pre-cat lacquer). Note - Remember, a clear varnish will change the colour of wood which should be considered before deciding on a coloured finish. Practice on off-cuts before applying to product.
FUSION Commercial
LD659
Aluminium rail support brackets
The following details are examples of some of the more popular ways of finishing. Of course, before applying your chosen finish (stain, paint or varnish) your timber product should be properly prepared. Pin/nail holes should be filled with a proprietary filler and the product sanded to remove blemishes that can occur during installation. Varnish LD576
Rail to rail brackets
Fig. 2 LD652/LD661/ LD586/LD587

Timber or aluminium top rail
LD655
Rail end caps x 6
Available in clear matt, satin and gloss finishes and also tinted/coloured, varnish gives a tough, durable and hardwearing finish which requires minimal maintenance and is heat and water resistant. Coloured varnishes have the advantage of being suitable for application on previously varnished surfaces. When applying coloured varnishes you should note that as they do not penetrate the wood like a true wood stain/dye it is a good idea to finish with a couple of coats of clear varnish which will prevent colour loss due to wear and tear. As well as polyurethane varnishes there are a number of acrylic/water-based varnishes which are solvent free, have a low odour and are extremely quick drying. They also have the advantage of easy brush maintenance and require only a quick rinse with water after use.
LD656
Return to wall brackets x 4
LD654
Aluminium rail
Oils Oils can be used to seal timber. They do however, tend to be used on hardwoods only as softwoods discolour and become dirty very quickly. There are various types available which are easy to apply, usually by rag or brush. Teak oil is quick drying whilst danish oil has the advantage of being able to accept a varnish for added protection. Linseed oil is slow drying and tends to be soft. Wood stains/dyes These will penetrate the wood and are used to enhance the colour and to some extent unify and neutralise the natural colour variations that occur in timbers. They tend to dry quickly and are usually applied with a cloth along the grain. Before it is dry, excess stain/dye is wiped off with a lint-free cloth. Wood stains/dyes do not seal the timber and require a varnish or polish application to finish. Protective wood stains All in one finish enhances the colour of wood and is normally brush applied. Unlike wood stains/dyes it also seals the timber and is quick drying with further coats being applied after just two hours.
LD657
Glass panel with 4 x panel brackets
LD659
Aluminium rail support brackets
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Finishing advice
Finishing advice
Finishing & maintenance
French polish This gives a very good gloss finish. It is applied by building up in layers and is made from a mixture of shellac and alcohol, with a fair degree of skill required to achieve a good finish. French polish does not provide any real protection, with the surface not resistant to scratches, heat, water or alcohol and is normally applied to surfaces that receive little wear and tear. A modern alternative two part treatment is plastic coating, which does provide resistance to heat, liquids and scratches. Liming This is best applied to coarse grained woods such as oak. A traditional mixture for liming oak can be achieved by mixing unslaked lime with water. Once applied and semi-dry any surplus is wiped off. When dry this is rubbed down with glasspaper and a coat of french polish is added, with a final coat of white polish to finish. Alternatively, an easier method is to mix white matt emulsion with water to the same consistency as milk and brush into the grain, wiping off before setting. To finish and seal two coats of satin varnish are applied, giving an eggshell shine. Liming wax is also available, which is quick and easy to apply. Paint Use a knotting solution on live knots and resinous areas. This prevents resin bleeding/seeping through onto the finished surface. New bare timber should have a coat of primer, followed by one or two coats of undercoat. Finish with a topcoat of gloss. There are numerous painting finishes and techniques, for example, crackle, glaze, marble or mottled effects.
FUSION Commercial outdoor balustrade Hardwood balustrades Richard Burbidge Hardwood external balustrades are manufactured from Sapele, a dark hardwood similar to a mahogany colour of reddish brown. Although moderately durable any untreated timber exposed to the natural elements should be protected from the weather to make then more resistant to picking up moisture. To enhance and protect the hardwood balustrade apply either a proprietary clear water repellent, semi-transparent stain or decking oil. Before applying the finish you must make sure your balustrades are dry. Test by sprinkling drops of water onto the timbers surface. If the wood does not absorb the water, wait a few days to allow the timber to dry out and retest before application. Balustrade maintenance For both softwood and hardwood timber balustrade components always follow the seal, stain or oil manufacturers recommendations and test on an off-cut or hidden surface. How often you apply further coats of water seal, stain or oil will depend on the balustrades usage, and we recommend that all components be recoated at least once a year. Please refer to the manufacturers recommendations. For non-timber items such as glass panels and zinc alloy posts and rails use a soft cloth, luke warm water and a mild detergent. Do not polish or use abrasive cleaners and scourers as these can damage and scratch the surface coatings.
Finishing advice
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Maintenance

Richard Burbidge Details Technical File016177

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Summary of technical details

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Building Regulations & British Standards

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Fig. 1 - Elevation and section

Newel Baluster/spindle String capping Closed string Nosing

Fig. 2 - Rise and going

Fig. 3 - Balustrades and handrails

Outer string Pitch line

Fig. 4 - Restrictions on flights

Pitch line Rise of flight

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Straight handrail system

Fig. 4 - Bottom of flight - Winders HDR or LHR

Fig. 2 - Bottom of flight - Straight with straight step HDR or LHR

Fig. 5 - Bottom of flight - Dog leg with straight step HDR

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Fig. 10 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with three winders NC2

Fig. 11 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with three winders NC2

Fig. 8 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with landing NC2

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Fig. 13 - Intermediate landing - Half turn with landing NC2

Newel drop (adapted)

Fig. 17 - Top landings - Top landing with 180 turn NC3

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Fig. 22 - Top landings - Corner landing newel NC2

Fig. 20 - Top landings - 90 turn with straight rail NC2HALF

Fig. 23 - Top landings - Mid landing newel HDR

NB510HALF Half newel base

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HDR Handrail 1100mm

Newel drop (adapted)

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Fig. 8 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with landing NC3

Fig. 9 - Intermediate landing - Quarter turn with winders NC2

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Fig. 14 - Landings - Top landing with 180 turn NC3

Baserail Ball cap

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NB510HALF Half newel base

Fig. 17 - Landings - Landing and horizontal balustrade only NC2HALF

Fig. 18 - Landings - Corner landing newel NC2

HDR or LHR Handrail

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Staircase configurations - other situations

Fig. 2 Bottom flight - FUSION straight with bullnose step RHR

Fig. 3 - String over string

Fig. 3 Bottom flight - FUSION dogleg with bullnose step

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MMTC MMSB MMAL

Fig. 6 Intermediate landing - FUSION quarter turn with landing MMBC

Fig. 9 Top landing - FUSION top landing with 90 turn MMTC

Landing Staircase baluster & baluster & bracket bracket

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Fig. 14 Top landing - FUSION top landing mid newel MMAL

Fig. 15 Top landing - FUSION landing or horizontal balustrades only MMWC

Landing baluster & bracket

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Straight handrail - installation information

Continuous handrail - installation information

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