Fungi Structure o Mostly Multicellular eukaryotes, some unicellular o Cell walls of chitin o Heterotrophs, no chloroplasts Energy o Feed through

h hyphae which are threadlike branches o Digestive enzymes secreted on food and then absorbed like phagocytosis. o Decomposers absorb nutrients from dead organic material and recycle back Reproduction o Form spores or bud o Haploid cells created through mitosis o Meiosis occurs in sexual reproduction where haploids fuse to form zygote Examples o Parasites leech nutrients from a host o Pathogens cause disease in host o Can be used as drugs like penicillin for antibiotics o Subgroups: Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zygomycota

Plants Structure o Most have vascular tissue cells forming tubes to transport material like water o Multicellular, eukaryotic, cellulose walls o Chloroplasts and chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis Bryophytes o No true stems roots leaves, non vascular, o flagellated sperms in antheridium swim to reach egg in arechgonium, gametophyte dominant, sporophyte dependent o mosses, liverworts, hornworts Pteridophytes o Seedless, vascular, no fruit/flower o Alternation of generations, dominant stage sporophyte o Ferns, one of earliest land plants Gymnosperms o Has seeds, vascular, no fruit/flower o Sporophyte dominant, pollen carried around by environment like other organisms and wind o Conifers, Ginkos Angiosperms

o Seeds, vascular, flowers o Sporophyte dominant, pollen carried like gymnosperms o Flowers, fruits, vegetables Animal Adaptations o Symmetry o Radial symmetry top side, bottom side, no left or right, circular, symmetric through any line through center o Bilateral symmetry top, bottom, left, and right side. Symmetric between line down top and bottom o Radial sea anemone. Bilateral humans o Structures o Diploblastic 2 germ layers ectoderm, endoderm tissue complexity o Triploblastic same as diploblastic but with mesoderm o Cephalization sensory and neural organs in anterior, brain development o Body Cavities o Acoelomates lack body cavity like flatworm o Coelomates body cavity derived from mesoderm, cushions organs, annelids o Pseudocoelomates body cavity from blastocoels instead, nematodes o Development Pattern o Protostome spiral cleavage of zygote, first opening in development blastopore. Internal cavity archenteron later. Mouth formed through infolding of archenteron o Deuterostomes indeterminate cleavage. Blastopore becomes anus, infolding of archenteron anus. o Protostome examples Platyhelminthes, Nematoda. Deuterostomes Chordata, Echinodermata