Linux & Unix

Open source software

can be defined as computer software for which the human-readable source code is made available under a copyright license that meets the Open Source Definition This permits users to use, change, and improve the software software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form

What is Unix
is a computer operating system originally p in 1969 by yag group p of AT&T developed employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson Dennis Ritchie and Douglas Thompson, McIlroy. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, branches developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit g organizations.

 Unix operating systems are widely used in both servers and workstations. The Unix environment and the client-server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers

 I In the th 1960s, 1960 th the M Massachusetts h tt I Institute tit t of f Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric worked on an experimental operating system called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service), ) which was designed to run on the GE-645 mainframe computer. (Eventually ( y this became a commercial p product, , although sales did not meet expectations.) Multics was an interactive operating system with many novel capabilities, including enhanced security

 In the 1970s the project was named Unics, y could support pp two and eventually simultaneous users. Brian Kernighan invented this name as a contrast to Multics; the spelling was later changed to Unix

An early-1990s A l 1990 style t l U Unix i d desktop kt running i th the X Window System graphical user interface. Shown are a number of client applications common to the MIT X Consortium's distribution, including Tom's Tom s Window Manager Manager, an X Terminal Terminal, Xbiff Xbiff, xload, and a graphical manual page browser. III based largely AT&T licensed UNIX System III, on Version 7, for commercial use, the first version launching g in 1982. This also included support for the VAX. AT&T continued to issue licenses for older Unix versions

 I In 1990, 1990 th the O Open S Software ft F Foundation d ti released OSF/1, their standard Unix implementation, based on Mach and BSD. The Foundation was started in 1988 and was funded by several Unix-related companies that wished to counteract the collaboration of AT&T and Sun on SVR4. Subsequently, AT&T and another group of licensees formed the group "UNIX UNIX International" in order to counteract OSF. This escalation of conflict between competing vendors gave rise again to the phrase "Unix wars".

Unix like computer OS Unix-like

Linux AIX True64 Minix OpenSolaris

Linux
The name "Linux" comes from the Linux , started in 1991 by y Linus Torvalds kernel,

difference between Linux and Unix?

Li Linux i is UNIX clone l if y you consider Portable Operating p g System y Interface (POSIX) standards then Linux quote from can be considered as UNIX. To q Official Linux kernel README file: u is saU Unix c clone o e written tte from o sc scratch atc Linux by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit loosely knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance

 Linux is just kernel Linux is just kernel kernel. Linux distribution includes GUI system, installation and management tools tools, compilers compilers, editors etc etc. Linux distribution makes it Most UNIX oses comes with A-Z programs such as editor, compilers etc

 License and cost Linux is Free (as in beer [freedom]) [freedom]). You will see best community support around. Many UNIX oses are not free (but this is changing fast, for example O OpenSolaris/Solaris S /S UNIX). )

 User-friendly Linux is considered as most user friendly UNIX like os. It makes easy to install sound card card, flash players players, and other desktop goodies

popular Linux distributions

Archlinux, CentOS Debian Knoppix, a Live CD Red Hat Enterprise Linux Ubuntu

Embedded Linux
Embedded Linux is the use of a Linux p g system y in an embedded operating computer systems such as a mobile phones personal digital assistants phones, assistants, media players and other consumer electronics devices networking equipment devices, equipment, machine control, industrial automation, navigation equipment and medical instruments. Linux y 18% of embedded engineers. g was used by

Online Linux communities

http://www.eglug.org/community http://www.lpiegypt.org/ http://www lpiegypt org/ http://www.linux-egypt.org

How to get Linux?

https://shipit.ubuntu.com http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent http://www centos org/modules/tinycontent /index.php?id=15 http://en.opensuse.org/Download htt // /D l d

Linux training and certificates

RHCT RHCE LPI SCSA SCNA

Why you should switch to Linux?

1 1.Security S it Linux Li will ill k keep your f family il safe f f from malware, and viruses 2.No 2 No blue Screen of death Linux is highly resistant to System Crash and rarely needs rebooting. 3. p price Linux is the most cost efficient OS in the world. Why? Because its freeand not only is it free, it also (typically) comes with applications that would cost hundreds if not thousands of dollars 3 hundreds, 3.- Linux is the most cost efficient OS in the world. Why? Because its freeand not only is it free, it also (typically) comes with applications li ti th that t would ld cost th hundreds, d d if not t th thousands d of dollars

 4.ease of use Thats rightLinux is y easy y to use.if you y know extremely Windows, youll be able to work easily in Linux Linux 5.run fast in old pc Linux doesnt hog system resources the way that New OS

6.Linux plays well with others Linux y to includes software to make it easy network with Windows, Macs, and other Linux based computers

 7.support is everywhere If youre having a problem with Linuxhelp p p is as close as the nearest message board.

Why you shouldn't shouldn t switch to Linux?

Useful links
Redhat.com www novell com/linux www.novell.com/linux Lpi.org www.centos.org http://www eglug org/community http://www.eglug.org/community http://www.lpiegypt.org/ http://www.linux-egypt.org