Maxillary First Premolar

Function: tearing Chronology: Beginning of calcification 1.5-1.75 yrs Crown completed 5-6 yrs Eruption 10-11 yrs Root completed 12-13 yrs Number of lobes: 4 lobes (3 buccal and 1 lingual)

Buccal Aspect
Geometric outline: Trapezoid (cusp tip is not included) Smallest uneven side cervically Larger side occlusally Outlines of crown and root: Crown Outline Mesial and distal outlines are nearly concave Mesial and distal cusp slopes are slightly concave Cervical: convex root wise Buccal Cusp tip is pointed and long representing the overdevelopment of the middle lobe Contact area Mesially is middle 1/3 while Distally is occlusally positioned (different to other posterior teeth as the mesial slope is longer than distal slope) Root outline Mesial and Distal outline of the roots tapered to a pointed apex that curved distally If there are two roots, the buccal root hides the lingual root as its shorter and narrower than the buccal root Surface anatomy of the crown and root Elevations Crown Surface is convex and smooth with max convexity at cervical 1/3 representing cervical ridge ( linear elevation found on the cervical 1/3 of the buccal surface of crown of all teeth) The middle lobe is prominent buccally forming buccal ridge linear elevation found on the middle lobe of the buccal aspect due to the over development of the middle lobe Root is smooth and convex Depressions Shallow depressions present mesial and distal to the buccal ridge. These depressions are linear depressions found on the

buccal aspect of premolars, representing the complete union/fusion of the lobes.

Lingual Aspect
Geometric outline of the crown Similar to buccal Outlines of the crown and root Crown Outline Mesial and Distal outlines are convex Distal slope of L cusp is longer than mesial slope Cervical line is convex root wise Root Outline If two root, lingual root will appear shorter and narrower than the buccal root Mesial and Distal outline of the roots tapered to a pointed apex that curved distally Surface anatomy of the crown and root Crown Surface is convex with maximum convexity at the middle 1/3 Root surface is convex and smooth

Mesial Aspect
Geometric outline of the crown Trapezoid Smallest uneven side occlusally Longer side cervically Outlines of the crown and root Crown Outline Buccal outline is convex with maximum convexity at cervial 1/3 representing cervical ridge Lingual outline is convex with maximum convexity at middle 1/3 Lingual outline is more convex than buccal outline Occlusal outline is formed by two cusps(Lingual and Buccal) Buccal cusp is longer than L cusp by 1mm Wide occlusal table B cusp tip is below the centre of B root L cusp tip is online with L root MMR present at the junction of O and M 1/3 Cervical line curves occlusally and decreased distally Root Outline Two roots In case of 1 root B and L outline tapered to a blunt apex on the centre of the crown Surface anatomy of the crown and root Elevations

Contact area is located in the middle 1/3 and slightly buccal to midline (BL dimension) Mesial Marginal DG crosses MMR and located lingual to the contact area. Developmental groove ends on the mesial side Root surface is smooth and convex except for the deep developmental depression below bifurcation. Root trunk is about the root length Depressions Mesial Developmental depression found in the crown and continue with that on the root (canine fossa) In case of one root the surface will have a shallow depression in the centre that is deeper mesially than distally due to canine fossa

Distal Aspect
Geometric outline of the crown Similar to mesial Outlines of the crown and root Similar to mesial

Occlusal Aspect
Geometric outline of the crown Hexagonal (thickness > width) Outlines of the crown and root Crown Outline 2 equal buccal sides(MB and DB) M side shorter than D side ML side shorter than DL side (lingual side is rounded) Surface anatomy of the crown and root Elevations Buccal Triangular Ridge (linear elevations found on the buccal cusps on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth) Lingual Triangular Ridge (linear elevations found on the Lingual cusps on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth) Mesial and Distal Marginal Ridges (linear elevation found on the mesial and distal margins on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth) Depressions Central developmental groove (Linear depressions representing the complete union/fusion of lobes, found on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth) Mesial and Distal Triangular Fossae (small depression or concavity found on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth mesial and distal to the marginal ridges)

Mesial Marginal developmental groove (linear depression found on the mesial side of upper first premolars due to the central developmental groove crossing the mesial marginal ridge)