Characteristic of Histological Slides

Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland contain numerous aggregation of follicles Each follicle has a cavity which is filled by homogeneous material called colloid Each follicle is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium layer called follicular layer. The spaces between follicles are filled by delicate connective tissue in which there are numerous capillaries. Para follicular cells are present as single cells in epithelial lining of follicle or in groups in the groups in connective tissue between follicles.

Liver
Each hepatocyte is a large cell with round open faced nucleus with prominent nucleoli. Very delicate bile canaliculi are present in intimate relationship to the cells which leads to bile duct Liver appears to be made up of hexagonal area that constitute the hepatic lobules Cells are arranged in form of plates that branch and anastomose with one another to form network The following three structures collectively form a portal triad. o Branch of portal vein o Branch of hepatic artery o Interlobular bile duct Sinusoid opens into a central vein that occupies the center of lobules.

Spleen
Surface of spleen is covered by mesothelium The spleen is surrounded by a capsule of dense fibrous tissue elastic fibers and smooth muscle Branched trabeculae arising from capsule extend into the parenchyma of the spleen. Trabeculae are small fibrous bands given off from the capsule of the spleen and constituting the framework of that organ Trabeculae also contain blood and lymph vessels and nerves Trabeculae divide into smaller division to form a network The parenchyma of the spleen is termed the pulp of spleen White pulp contains lymphoid aggregation mostly lymphocytes and macrophages which are arranged around the arteries. The red pulp is a network of channels (sinuses) filled with blood and it is in the red pulp that most of filtration occurs.

Tongue
The epithelium of the dorsal surface of the tongue rests on fairly dense layer of connective tissue which connects the epithelium firmly with the underlying muscular and connective tissues The muscle of the tongue (Skeletal muscle) is organized intro strands oriented more or less perpendicular to each other. Muscle bundles are vertical transverse and longitudinal. Dorsal surface of the oral part has characteristic appearance due to the presence of large number of small projections the lingual papillae cover with stratified squamous epithelium On the basses of their appearance four types of papillae can be distinguished filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and foliate papillae. Filiform papillae are the smallest and most numerous and have keratinized tips Fungiform papillae occur single and have thinner epithelium layer Circumvallate papillae are the largest and contain taste buds are numerous on the surrounding of the depression.

Skin
Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis forms the three main layer of all skin section The epidermis is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is the thick layer of connective tissue to which the epidermis is attached The dermis may be divided into two sub layers The papillary layers consists of loose comparatively cell- rich connective tissue which fills the hollows at the deep surface of epidermis The reticular layer appears denser and contains fewer cells, thick collagen fibers often aggregate into bundles Elastic fibers are found in both the papillary (fine fibers) and reticular (coarse fibers) layers Hair follicles of terminal hair spa the entire dermis and usually extend deep into hypodermis Other glands like sweat gland and sebaceous gland are also present in dermis Hypodermis layer consist of loose connective tissue insulating adipose tissue and major blood vessels.

Artery
Arteries have smaller lumen than veins It is composed of three layers tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia. Tunica intima is composed of simple squamous epithelium lying on basal lamina. Tunica media is made up of smooth muscles, collagen fibers and connective tissue. Tunica adventitia the external most layers is composed of fibro-elastic connective tissue Tunica intima and tunica media separated by an internal elastic lamina Tunica media and tunica adventitia is separated by external elastic lamina.

Vein
Veins consists of three layers tunica intima, tunica medullar and tunica adventitia. Tunica intima is the inner most layers composed of simple squamous epithelium lying on basal lamina. Tunica media is the middle layer which is made up of smooth muscles, collagen fibers and connective tissue. Tunica media layer is thinner than the tunica media of artery Tunica adventitia consists of connective tissue

The collagen fibers present in vein are in larger number than in artery The entire three layers are fused together and the external and internal elastic lamina is absent. Layers are hard to distinguish. The lumen of vein is larger than that of artery.

Kidney
The kidney is covered by fibro-elastic capsule The kidney is divided into cortex and medulla The cortex consists of convoluted tubules together with renal corpuscles The medulla consist of loop of Henle and collecting ducts Within the renal corpuscle, identify the vascular capillary tuft or glomerulus and renal corpuscles The outer layer of glomerular capsule is lined by squamous cells seen by light microscope Proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules were lined by cuboidal epithelium Medullary rays, were identified which are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla

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