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26 go-nin five persons 27 hachi-nin eight persons 28 ka-cho section chief -cM' chief 29 oku the end of a room, inner part 30 ue top; surface; upper part See 13 31 ya and See 15 32 denwa telephone 33 -satsu (Count. for books) See 14 34 -bon =-hon, -pon (Count. for cylindrical things) See 14 35 sumi corner (seen from inside) cf. kado (corner from outside) 36 hon-dana bookshelf -dana =tana shelf
.o:.......

~'IiJ 1 eigyo-ka sales section eigyo business, trade, sales oka section (smaller than -bu) 2 heya room 3 ni in, at See 12 4 doa 'door' 5 ga See 12 6 futa-tsu two See 14 7 ar"u exist See 12 8 naka (N) inside 9 tsukue desk 10 takusan (N/Adv) many, much 11 i"ru exist; stay See 12 12 iku-tsu how many; how old (age) See 14 13 hito-tsu one See 14
]1-1Ii 3 ft

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 23 24 25

mit-tsu three See 14 yot-tsu four See 14 itsu-tsu five See 14 zenbu (N/Adv) all, whole zenbu de in all jO-go fifteen jO ten go five isu chair nan-nin how many people nan- (+Count.) how many; what -nin (Count. for persons) See 14 ima now 22 hito-ri one person futa-ri two persons san-nin three persons yo-nin four persons

37 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

yoko (N) beside, by Ica,enda 'calendar' 39 mado window soba (N) beside, close by ,aHa 'locker' keisan-ki calculator, computer keisan calculation -ki machine -dai (Count. for machines) See 14 ushiro (N) back, rear to and See 15 man-naka center, middle man- =ma- at the height/center of kokuban blackboard mae (N) before, front ...zutsu ...each
7'"-7 No. 1-2-]5

Dai

3-ka

Lesson 3
Inside the Room

Heya no Naka
DKokowa eigyo-ka no heya desu. Konoheya niwa doa ga futa-tsuarimasu. Heya no naka niwa tsukue ga takusan arimasu. Hito mo takusan imasu. 6Tsukue wa iku-tsu arimasu ka? Hito-tsu, futa-tsu, mit-tsu, yot-tsu, itsu-tsu...zenbu de jO-go arimasu. Isu mo jO-goarimasu. -Hito wa nan-nin imasu ka? Ima, hito-ri,futa-ri, san-nin, yo-nin,go-nin...hachi-nin imasu. II-Ka-cho-san no tsukue wa doko desu ka?

n This

is the sales section's room.

There are two doors to this room. There are many desks in the room. There are also many people. f)-How many desks are there?

One, two, three, four, five There are fifteen in all. There are also fifteen chairs. -How many people are there? There are eight persons here now.

One, two, three, four, five IJ -

Where is the Section Chief's desk? This is my desko

Jt is in the back of the room.

There are books, ball-point pens, and a telephone on the desko There are five books and three ball-point pens. There is a big b~okshelf in the corner of the room. There is a calendar next to the bookshelf. There are also some lockers near the window. -How many computers are there? There is one behind me, one in the middle of the room,

Heya no oku desu. Watashi no tsukue wa kore desu. Tsukue no ue niwa, hon ya boru-pen ya denwa ga arimasu. Hon wa go-satsu, bOru-pen wa san-bon arimasu. Heya no sumi ni okii hon-danaga arimasu. Sono yoko ni karendaga arimasu. Mado no soba ni roHa mo arimasu. -Keisan-ki wa nan-dai arimasu ka? Zenbu de san-dai arimasu. Watashi no ushiroto heya no man-naka to ano kokubanno mae ni ichi-daizutsu arimasu.

There are three in all.

and one in front of that blackboard.

ANSWERS <pp. 40,41) I. (B) 1. (Tokei no migi ni) denwa ga arimasu. 2. (Teburu no ue ni) ringo to tabako ga arimasu. 3. (Hana wa) terebi no ue ni arimasu. 4. (Hon wa) terebi no shita ni arimasu. II. (B) 1. (Ki no shita ni) onna no ko ga imasu. 2. (Anata no yoko ni) Tomu to Jan ga imasu. 3 (Taro wa) jidosha no naka ni imasu. 4. (Neko wa) isu no ue ni imasu. 5. (Tori wa) ki no ue ni imasu. IV. 1. Q: Bijutsu-kan wa doko ni arimasu ka? A: (Bijutsu-kan wa) koen no man-naka ni arimasu. 2. Q: Tosho-kan wa dok o ni arimasu ka? A: (Tosho-kan wa) daigaku no soba ni arimasu. 3. Q: Anata no kazoku wa dok o ni imasu ka? A: Watashi no kazoku wa Kanado ni imasu. 4. Q: Byoin wa doko ni arimasu ka? A: (Byoin wa) yubin-kyoku no mae ni arimasu. 5. Q: Ka-cho-san wa doko ni imasu ka? A: (Ka-cho-san wa) mado no soba ni imasu. J7

36-1/1

3 ft

r
8)($
12 Existence, Location, and Quantity (Location) arimasu. . ga (Quantity) . { Imasu. { N (ammate) }
N (inanimate)

14 How to Count Things or Persons (SeeAppendix)

Japanese has two different sets of Numerals: one native Japanese ('J' in the table below) and the other of Chinese origin ('C' below).
1
I I

m
8
I I

3
I

4
I

5
I

6
I

7 nanashichi

9
I

10 to ju

'J' 'C'

hitoichi

Mani

rnisan

yo(n)shi

itsugo

muroku

ya-

kokono-

e.g. Koko ni denwa ga arimasu. 'Here is a telephone.'

Asoko ni gakusei ga imasu. 'There is a student over there.' The ParticIe ni is attached to N denoting place and expresses the location of something that exists. Arimasu (Dictionary form aru) is used for inanimate objects or abstract N such as books, telephones, problems, causes, etc., while imasu (Dictionary form iru) is used for living beings such as people, dogs, fish, birds, etc.
When the location or quantity of a particular of the sentence, the following pattern is used. thing or person is the focus

hachi ku/kyu

When actually counting things, it is necessary to combine 'C' Numerals (with a few exceptions) and what are caIIed Counters upon the kind of thing to be counted. used are the following: -mai -hon for thin, fiat objects Iike paper, plates, shirts, etc. for long, slender objects like trees, pencils, chalk, etc. I, 6 and 10, and by b after 3. See Appendix.) (or Counter-suffixes) depending

The Counters

that are most commonly

(h is replaced by p after -satsu -dai -hiki -wa -nin for books for automobiles,

N wa (Location) (Quantity) arimasu/imasu.

bicycles,

typewriters,

tape recorders, etc.

e.g. Anata no tsukue wa doko ni arimasu ka? 'Where is your desk?'

-(Watashi no tsukue wa) koko ni arimasu. 'My desk is here.'

for smaII animals for birds (-pa after 6 and 10, and -ba after 3) for people 'one person'=hito-ri; 'two -'=futa-ri; 'four -'=yo-nin

I3

Relative Position ue shita mae ushiro N no J ) ni naka soto hidari migi

'on/over/above/on top of
alone

Exceptions:

When expressing numbers in the abstract, as in mathematics, the 'c' Numerals are used. For things which are not cIearIy is attached to the 'J' categorized or which are

'under/beneath/below 'in front of

'behind/at 'in/inside 'outside of 'to the left of 'to the right of the back of N'

shapeless, the suffix -tsu

Numerals,

e.g. stones, cups,

boxes, stars, ideas, problems, etc.

15 Noun-conjoining Particles: to and ya N I to N 2 to N 3 'N I, N2, and N3' (implying

all that there are-'exhaustive') NI ya N 2 ya N 3

that these three things are

'NI, N2, and N3' (among others-'non-exhaustive') 39

38-1/131!11

-.............. 1

.a~
I. (A) Practice with the picture.

ANSWERS--->p.37

(8)
1.

Answer the following questions.

Ki no shita ni dare ga imasu ka?

I

2. Watashi no yoko ni dare to dare ga imasu ka? 3. Tar6 wa doko ni imasu ka? 4. Nekol8 wa doko ni imasu ka? 5. Torj19wa doko ni imasu ka?
.....

Locate the things in the picture (CD) as shown in the examples.

I. Tsukue no mae ni isu ga arimasu. 2. Tsukue no ue ni denwa ya tokei ya enpitsu1 ga arimasu. 3. Denwa no hidari2 ni tokei ga arimasu. 4. Ringo3 no migi4 ni tabako ga arimasu. 5. Mado no soba ni terebi5 to teburu6 ga arimasu.
.--.-....--.-----

fII'f.A

fi/J"'.
III.
(A)

Practice with the pictures (CD,@).

Practice the following sentences.

6. Terebi no shita7 ni kamera ga arimasu.

1. Denwa ga ichi-dai arimasu. 2. Kami20ga ni-mai21arimasu. 3. Ki wa zenbu de nan-bon arimasu ka? -Rop-pon arimasu. 4. Inu wa nan-biki22imasu ka? -Ni-hiki imasu.
(8) Make questions such as the following and answer them. Itsu-tsu arimasu.

(8) Answer the following questions. 1. Tokei no migi ni nani8 ga arimasu ka? 2. Teburu no ue ni nani ga arimasu ka? 3. Hana wa doko ni arimasu ka? 4. Hon wa doko ni arimasu ka?
II. (A) Practice with the picture (@). Locate the people or animals in the picture.

Q: Ringo wa iku-tsu arimasu ka? -A:

IV. Make dialogs as shown in the example. Ex. Q: (anata no kaisha) Anata no kaisha wa doko ni arimasu ka? A: (in Tokyo) Watashi no kaisha wa T6ky6 ni arimasu. 1. Q: (bijutsu-kan) 2. Q: (tosho-kan) 3. Q: (anata no kazoku24) 4. Q: (by6in) 5. Q: (ka-ch6-san) A: (in the middle of the park23) A: (beside the university) A: (in Canada) A: (in front of the post offic~) A: (by the window)

1. D6ro9 no soba ni kodomolo ga imasu. 2. KiII no shita ni onna no k012ga imasu. 3. Jid6sha no naka ni Tar6 ga imasu. 4. Jid6sha no ushiro ni inul3 ga imasu. 5. Okii ki to chiisai ki no aidal4 ni otokol5 no ko ga imasu. 6. Tomu to Jonl6 no aida ni watashi ga imasu. 7. Watashi no tonari'7 ni Tomu ga imasu.
aB1'ij I enpitsu pencil 2 hidari (N) left 4 migi (N) right 5 tereb; 'television' 6 teburu 'table' 7 shita (N) under, ~o-. 3II 8 10 II 12 nani what 9 dDro road kodomo child(ren) ki tree, wood ko =kodomo child(ren) on na no ko girl 13 inu dog 14 aida (N) between

3 ringo

apple

beneath

15 otoku man, male (person) otoko no ko boy 16 Jon 'John' 17 tonari (N) (sitting/standing/living/ placing) next (to...) 18 neko cat 19 tori bird

20 kami paper 21 .mai sheet (Coun!. for thin, fiat objects) See 14 22 -biki = .hiki, .piki (Count. for small animals) 23 kDen park 24 kazoku family
T-? No. 1-2~1

.-I
.~i!
shOshol9 desu.
What is your hobby? -Golf. Are there any golf courses in Japan? -Yes, there are many. There are about 800. Really! Thats a lot. Where are you a member? -Hakone Country Club. About how many yards is it? -7,500. Big, isn't it? About how many caddies are there? -About 150. They are all good caddies. Are all of them male caddies? -No. Caddies are usually women in Japan. By the way, is your hobby golf too? No, my hobby is stampcollecting. -Stamps are my younger sister's hobby too. We have all kinds of beautirul and rarestamps at home. Is that so? By the way, how old is your younger sister? -Sixteen. She is a high school student. This is a picture or my younger sister. My, what a pretty sister! -No, not really. Do you have a younger sister too? No, I have two younger brothers_ We are three brothers. My immediately younger brother is 25 years old. My youngest brother is stilI a student. - What university (is he going to)? University of London. His hobby is music.

-Watashi

no imoto no shumi

ma

ANATA NO SHUMI WA?

Anata no shumP wa nan desu ka?
-Gorufu2

kitte desu. Uchi niwa kirei-na kitte ya mezurashij2kitte ga iroiro21 arimasu. 50 desu ka. Tokorode, imoto-san wa iku-tsu desu ka?

E]

desu.

-JO-roku-sai22 desu.

Koko-sei23 desu.

Nippon niwa gorufu-j03 ga arimasu ka?

-E, takusan arimasu yo.

Hap-pyaku4 gurai arimasu. Hoho,5 oi6 desu ne.

Kore wa imoto no shashin desu.

H024..., kirei-na imoto-san desu ne. . .. _lya25... sore hodo26 demo arimasen.

Anata wa doko no menbeF desu ka?

-Hakone8 Kantori Kurabu9 desu.

Anata nimo27 imoto-san ga imasu ka? lie, otOto ga futa-ri imasu.

Watashi-tachi wa san-nin kyodai28desu. Watashi no tsugi no otOto wa ni-jO-go-

Nan-ydolO gurai arimasu ka? -Nana-sen-go-hyaku

11

desu.

Okii desu ne. Kyadil2 wa nan-nin gurai imasu ka? -Hyaku-go-jO-ninI3 gurai desu.
Minal4 ijl5 kyadi desu.

~1;J I 2 3 4

shumi hobby gorufu 'golf' gorufu-jo golf course hap-pyaku 800

-pyaku

18 19 20 21

= -hyaku,

-byaku

Mina otoko no kyadi desu ka? -lie, Nippon dewal6 kyadi wa taitei17

onna desu.

Tokorode,18 anatano shumi ma gorufu

desu ka? lie, watashi no shumi wa kitte
42-1/1311

no

hundred Hoho I see o'i many; much menba 'member' Hakone (a place name) kantor; kurabu 'country c1ub' 10 yado 'yard' II nana-sen-go-hyaku 7,500 -sen= -zen thousand 12 kyadi 'caddie' 13 hyaku-go-jO-nin 150 persons 14 mina=minna (NfAdv) all 15 ii=yo'i good 16 de in, at 17 taitei (NfAdv) mostly 5 6 7 8 9

tokorode By the way shOshO (Nv) collection mezurashi. i rare iroiro (N/Nal Adv) variety, several kinds 22 jO-roku-sai 16 years old -sai age,.. .old 23 koko-sei high school student koko= kotogakko high school -sei student 24 Ho I see 25 Iya well, no... 26 ...hodo degree See 104 sore hodo to that degree 27 ni with See 12, 68 28 kyodai brothers and/or sisters 29 ni-jO-go-sai 25 years old 30 mada stili See 25 31 ongaku music

sai29 desu. 5hita no ototo wa mada30gakusei desu. -Doko no daigaku desu ka?

Rondon Daigakudesu. Kare no shumi wa ongaku31desu.

7-7'

No. 1-2-13

*
/~ /

*
bread

j; !;l j; T
1.

~KATAKANA}

:7:/:;t !J;7'/'-

radio taxi F' record, disc

E1
sandwich

1::' - /t..- beer :/ :;1.. - 7-. juice -tj-/

/

Katakana is now used primarily for writing loan words (except Chinese)

v::1j].J:7

and foreign names. Hs orthographical rules are the same as those mentioned on
page 33, except for rule 3. 'news' 'coffee' 'elevator' Long vowels are expressed by

camera matches sewing machine fork, folk present, gift ping-pong guitar piano

r 1 'Y 7-

in katakana.
"''Y7'/'/

-- r notebook
ball-point pen
white shirt
31

::':;1..-7-.

(nyusu) (koh;) 7-;7

::1-e.=v",,",,-!J-

;f - /t..--.z / '7 1 '/' ,.. '/

31 1 7':7 7
/~

(erebeta)
7'

v -tt/ r

1
::1

31"

typewriter

2.

Because of the phonetic characters in Japanese, some foreign pronunciations Vowels are inserted into consonant clusters and

e.' / ;f- / =f"!J e.' 7 /

/~

7' v

ta pe recorder

cannot be transliterated properly.

1 :;t ~

violin

added when a foreign word ends in any consonant except n.

'street

T'

- r
*

department store

7-.r~-r
;7~7,"'7-.

(s~t~rit(~) (k~ris~mas~) 7 :/ 7
7 .I ~ j] (rokka) (roketto) (bare)

'Christmas'

*
Asia
America

Some sounds which are different in a foreign language, I and r for example, are expressed as the same sound in Japanese.
'locker' 'rocket 'ballet 'volleyball' 'bus' / 'bath' } A (basu) P'Yj]P7"'Yr /;: v/ v

7 7 ~ j]
'3 12 'Y /~

Africa
Europe

!J 1 --( / r

Thailand India Malaysia

France England

1::'/t..-'"

Burma Indonesia Philippines

r;f. '/' 7

-< v-'/'7
7 :7 / 7-. 1 =f" ~ 7-.

7 -1 1) e.' /

;f

- /t..-

(bareb6ru)

r 1 '/
7-.

Germany Sweden

'7 "'-- T'/

j] T 31" Canada

::. :;1.. - :/ - :7 /

New Zealand

3.

Long words are often abbreviated. 'television' 'building' 'demonstration' 'strike' (walkout) 7 vI::' 1::' /t..T'
7-.

* - 7-.r :7 ~ 7
(terebi) (biru) (demo)
.J=\'-,/,::1 .:f::7-.;7'7 P/r/ / -",,",,/t..'/' 3 / /

Australia

7 /t..~' / 7- /

Argentina

Mexico Moscow London Nobel Chopin Goethe

7" :7 :/ /t..- Brazil '7 '/' /

:;1../

r /
'" /

Washington
Munich

(suto) (masukomi)

7" :7 / :/ "'- 12

Michelangelo

'mass communication'

'" 7,::1 ~

7':7 r /

Plato

7'-7 U-1fi3R .......

r /t..7-. r 1

Tolstoy
'7-7 No. 1-2-~5