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  • Principles of Programming Languages

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    Principles of Programming languages - an introductory tour kind of languages Objectives Compiler and Interpreter Language Tour dosseg. Model small.stack 100h.data hello_message db 'Hello, world!',0dh,0ah,'$'.code main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax C# class hello_world static void main () system.con

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    Оригинальное название

    Introduction

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    Principles of Programming languages - an introductory tour kind of languages Objectives Compiler and Interpreter Language Tour dosseg. Model small.stack 100h.data hello_message db 'Hello, world!',0dh,0ah,'$'.code main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax C# class hello_world static void main () system.con

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    213 просмотров39 страниц

    Principles of Programming Languages

    Загружено:

    mrbkiter
    Principles of Programming languages - an introductory tour kind of languages Objectives Compiler and Interpreter Language Tour dosseg. Model small.stack 100h.data hello_message db 'Hello, world!',0dh,0ah,'$'.code main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax C# class hello_world static void main () system.con

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 39

    Principles of Programming Languages

    Introduction
    Outline

     An introductory tour
     Kinds of languages
     Objectives
     Compiler and Interpreter
    Language Tour
    dosseg
    .model small
    .stack 100h

    .data
    hello_message db 'Hello, World!',0dh,0ah,'$'

    .code
    main proc
    mov ax,@data
    mov ds,ax

    mov ah,9
    mov dx,offset hello_message
    int 21h

    mov ax,4C00h
    int 21h
    main endp
    end main
    C

    #include <stdio.h>

    main()
    {
    for(;;)
    {
    printf ("Hello World!\n");
    }
    }
    C++
    #include <iostream>

    int main()
    {
    std::cout << "Hello, world!\n";
    }
    C#

    class HelloWorld
    {
    static void Main () {
    System.Console.Write("Hello World!");
    }
    }
    HTML

    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
    <TITLE>Hello, World Page!</TITLE>
    </HEAD>

    <BODY>
    Hello, World!
    </BODY>
    </HTML>
    Java

    class HelloWorld {
    public static void main (String args[]) {
    for (;;) {
    System.out.print("Hello World ");
    }
    }
    }
    Javascript
    <TITLE>
    Hello World in JavaScript
    </TITLE>
    <SCRIPT>
    document.write ("Hello, world!")
    </SCRIPT>
    LATEX

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}
    \begin{center}
    \Huge{HELLO WORLD}
    \end{center}
    \end{document}
    Lisp
    (DEFUN HELLO-WORLD ()
    (PRINT (LIST 'HELLO 'WORLD)))

    (LOOP (FORMAT T "~%Hello World"))

    (while t
    (message "Hello World")
    (message "") ; force emacs to update the display
    )
    Prolog
    hello :-
    printstring("HELLO WORLD!!!!").

    printstring([]).
    printstring([H|T]) :- put(H), printstring(T).
    Smalltalk
    Transcript show: 'Hello World„.
    Visual Basic
    Private Sub FOrm_Load()
    Static I
    I=1
    for I = 1 to 10
    msgbox "Hello World"
    Next I
    end sub
    Visual C++
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CHelloDlg dialog

    CHelloDlg::CHelloDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)


    : CDialog(CHelloDlg::IDD, pParent)
    {
    //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CHelloDlg)
    // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization
    here
    //}}AFX_DATA_INIT
    m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
    }
    SQL
    CREATE TABLE HELLO (HELLO CHAR(12))
    UPDATE HELLO
    SET HELLO = 'HELLO WORLD!'
    SELECT * FROM HELLO
    SQL
    CREATE TABLE HELLO (HELLO CHAR(12))
    UPDATE HELLO
    SET HELLO = 'HELLO WORLD!'
    SELECT * FROM HELLO
    Word Macro
    Sub MAIN
    FileNewDefault
    Insert "Hello World!"
    FormatParagraph .Alignment = 1
    While (1 = 1)
    For count = 1 To CountFonts()
    EditSelectAll
    Font(Font$(count)), 40
    Next
    Wend
    End Sub
    Dos Batch File
    @echo off
    :top
    echo "Hello, World!"
    goto top
    PHP
    <?php
    echo "<html>
    <head>
    <title>Hello World Page</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    Hello World!
    </body>
    </html>"
    ?>
    When the tour ends…

     What is the common of these languages?


    Machine Language

    Memory
    CPU
    0101001001101011
    1101111001001001

    0001101010101010
    I/O
    Machine Language

    Instruction:

    Operation Code Operands

    10110011010010010011010110110
    001
    Assembly Language

    A := B + C
    if A = 0 then body

    MOV r0, B ; move B into register r0


    ADD r0, C ; add
    MOV A, r0 ; store
    BNE L1 ; branch if result not
    equal 0
    body
    L1:
    Language Levels

    Natural
    Language High-Level

    Low-
    Level
    Machine
    Language
    Language Classification

    • Imperative
     von Neumann Fortran, Pascal, Basic, C
     object-oriented Smalltalk, Eiffel, C++, Java

    • Declarative
     functional Lisp, ML, Haskell
     dataflow Id, Val
     logic Prolog, VisiCalc
    Von Neumann Languages

    • Most familiar and successful


    • Imperative statements
    • Modification of variables

    Fortran, Pascal, Basic, C, …


    Object-Oriented Languages

    • Imperative statements
    • Message passing among objects

    Smalltalk, Eiffel, C++, Java


    Functional Languages

    • Recursive definition of functions


    (lambda calculus)

    • Expressions of function composition

    Lisp, ML, Haskell


    Logic Languages

    • Logical facts and rules


    (predicate logic)

    • Computation as theorem proving

    Prolog, VisiCalc
    Objectives

     To increase your a capacity to express ideas


    using a programming language
     To allow you to choose an appropriate
    programming language for a design task
     To give you the ability to quickly learn new
    languages
     To understand basic tasks of a compiler
    What Makes a Good Language?

    • Clarity, simplicity, unity of language concepts


    • Clarity of program syntax
    • Naturalness for the application
    • Support for abstraction
    • Ease of program verification
    What Makes a Good Language?

    • Programming environment
    • Portability of programs
    • Cost of use
     program execution
     program translation
     program creation, testing, use
     program maintenance
    Compilation and Interpretation

    Source Compiler Target


    program program

    Input Target program Output

    Source
    program Interpreter Output
    Input
    Compilation and Interpretation

    • Interpreter: better flexibility and diagnostics

    • Compiler: better performance


    Tr
    References

     “Programming Languages – Principles and


    Practices” – Kenneth C. Louden, Thomson
    Brooks/ Cole, 2003
     “Ngôn ngữ lập trình – Các nguyên lý và mô
    hình” – Cao Hoàng Trụ, 2004
     “Programming Languages – Design and
    Implementation”, Terrence W. Pratt & Marvin
    V. Zelkowitz, 2001
    References

     www.google.com
     www.wikipedia.com

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