Physics 21 Hh

August 19, 2010

Newton's first law of motion: A body acted on by no net force moves with constant velocity (which may be zero) and zero acceleration. Newton's second law of motion: If a net external force acts on a body, the body accelerates. The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force. The mass of the body times the acceleration of the body equals the net force vector. Newton's third law of motion: If body A exerts a force on body B (an "action"), then body B exerts a force on body A (a "reaction"). These two forces have the same magnitude but are opposite in direction. These two forces act on different bodies. 4.12. A crate with mass 325 kg initially at rest on a warehouse floor is acted on by a net horizontal force of 140 N. (a) What acceleration is produced? (b) How far does the crate travel in 10.0 s? (c) What is its speed at the end of 10.0 s? 4.32. A skier of mass 65.0 kg is pulled up a snow-covered slope at constant speed by a tow rope that is parallel to the ground. The ground slopes upward at a constant angle of 26.0 above the horizontal, and you can ignore friction. (a) Draw a clearly labelled freebody diagram for the skier. (b) Calculate the tension in the tow rope. 4.31. A chair of mass 12.0 kg is sitting on the horizontal floor; the floor is not frictionless. You push on the chair with a force F = 40.0 N that is directed at an angle of 37.fJ' below the horizontal and the chair slides along the floor. (a) Draw a clearly labelled free-body diagram for the chair. (b) Use your diagram and Newton's laws to calculate the normal force that the floor exerts on the chair. 4.43. Two crates, one with mass 4.00 kg and the other with mass 6.00 kg, sit on the frictionless surface of a frozen pond, connected by a light rope (Fig. 4.38). A woman wearing golf shoes (so she can get traction on the ice) polls horizontally on the 6.00-kg crate with a force F that gives the crate an acceleration of 250 m/S2. (a) What is the acceleration of the 4.00-kg crate? (b) Draw a free-body diagram for the 4.00-kg crate. Use that diagram and Newton's second law to find the tension T in the rope that connects the two crates. (c) Draw a free-body diagram for the 6.00-kg crate. What is the direction of the net force on the 6.00-kg crate? Which is larger in magnitude, force T or force F? (d) Use part (c) and Newton's second law to calculate the magnitude of the force F. 4.41. A 4.80-kg bucket of water is accelerated upward by a cord of negligible mass whose breaking strength is 75.0 N. (a) Draw the free-body force diagram for the bucket. In terms of the forces on your diagram, what is the net force on the bucket? (b) Apply Newton's second law to the bucket and find the maximum upward acceleration that can be given to the bucket without breaking the cord. 4.54. The two blocks in Fig. 4.39 are connected by a heavy uniform rope with a mass of 4.00 kg. An upward force of 200 N is applied as shown. (a) Draw three free-body diagrams, one for the 6.00-kg block, one for the 4.00-kg rope, and another one for the 5.00-kg block. For each force, indicate what body exerts that force. (b) What is the acceleration of the system? What is the tension at the top of the heavy rope? (d) What is the tension at the midpoint of the rope? 4.20. A person pulls horizontally on block B in Fig. 4.35, causing both blocks to move together as a unit. While this system is moving, make a carefully labelled free-body diagram of block A if (a) the table is frictionless and (b) there is friction between block B and the table and the pull is equal to the friction force on block B due to the table.