Practice problems on ane geometry.

Problem 1 An inscribed ellipse touches the parallel sides AB and CD of a trapezoid ABCD at P and Q. If the ellipse touches the side BC at its midpoint, prove that P B = QC . Problem 2 An ellipse is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD. Given that the ellipse touches sides BC and DA at their midpoints and that the other pair of sides AB and CD are parallel, prove that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Problem 3 An ellipse is inscribed in a quadrilateral so as to touch all four sides at their midpoints. Prove that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Problem 4 diagonals. Let ABCD be a trapezoid with parallel sides AB and CD. Let X and Y be the mid-points of its

Let f be an ane transformation that transforms A to A = (0, 0), B to B = (2, 0), and D to D = (0, 2). Suppose that f transforms C , X , and Y to C , X , and Y . (a) Write a general expression for the co-ordinates of C . (The expression should involve an unkown quantity c.) (b) Determine the co-ordinates of X and Y . (c) Prove that the line XY is parallel to AB . (d) How is the length of XY related to the lengths of AB and CD? Problem 5 Suppose that ABC is a triangle and that D, E , and F are trisection points that divide the sides 1 BC , CA and AB in the ratio 1 : 2. (Thus BD DC = 2 , etc.). (i) Explain why there must be an ane transformation that maps all of the points A, B, C, D, E, F to points with integer co-ordinates. Write down a possible set of integer co-ordinates for their images. (For example, you could choose to let A = (0, 0). You must specify the images of the other points under your chosen ane transformation.) (ii) Suppose that AD meets EF at the point X . Determine the ratio EX : XF . Problem 6 Find an ane transformation that turns the points (1, 1), (3, 4), (4, 5) into the points (1, 0), (2, 2), (3, 1), respectively. (Give a formula f (x) = M x + b for the transformation.) Problem 7 Find an ane transformation that turns the points (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3) into the points (0, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), respectively. (Give a formula f (x) = M x + b for the transformation.) Problem 8 Suppose that O is the center of an ellipse and that X and Y are points on the ellipse. Suppose that the tangents at X and Y (to the ellipse) meet at P . Let Q be the point of intersection of XY with OP , and let R be the point of intersection of the segment OP with the ellipse. Prove that
OQ OR

OR OP .

Problem 9 Find an ane transformation that turns the points (1, 0), (3, 5), (2, 3) into the points (0, 1), (3, 2), (4, 5), respectively. (Give a formula f (x) = M x + b for the transformation.) Problem 10 Let ABCD be a parallelogram. Let X and Y be trisection points of the diagonal AC (where X is closer to A and Y is closer to C ). Let R = BX AD and S = BY CD. Let f be an ane transformation that maps B to B = (0, 0), A to A = (3, 0), and C to C = (0, 3). (a) Find the co-ordinates of the images D , X , Y , R and S of D, X , Y , R, and S under f . Give brief reasons for your answers. (b) Find the slopes of A C and R S . (c) What can you say about the type of the quadrilateral ACSR? (Is it a square, rectangle, parallelogram, . . . ). Problem 11 Prove the following theorem. (Hint: Use an ane transformation to an easier conguration.) If a trapezoid is inscribed in an ellipse, then the line joining the midpoints of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid passes through the center of the ellipse.

Problem 12 Which of the following geometrical congurations are ane concepts? Answer with yes for any ane concepts and no for non-concepts. (a) parallelogram

(b) trapezoid

(c) rectangle

(d) isosceles trapezoid

(e) conic

(f) ellipse

(g) ratio of perpendicular segments

(h) ratio of parallel segments

(i) incircle of a triangle

(j) collinear triple of points, one on each of three sides of a triangle

Problem 13 Let ABC be a triangle. Let BD be a median of triangle ABC . Let X and Y be two points on the segment BC such that BX = XY = Y C . (So X and Y divide BC into 3 equal parts.) Let AX meet BD at Z . Use ane geometry to prove that Z is the midpoint of BD. Problem 14 Let ABCD be a parallelogram. Let X and Y be the midpoints of the sides AB and BC . Let AY meet CX at Z . Use ane geometry to prove that Z lies on the diagonal BD and to determine the ratio DZ/ZB . Problem 15 Let ABC be a triangle. Let BD be a median of triangle ABC . Let X , Y , and Z be three points on the segment BC such that BX = XY = Y Z = ZC . (So X , Y and Z divide BC into 4 equal parts.) Let AX meet BD at P . Use ane geometry to prove that AP/AX = 4/5. Problem 16 Let ABC be a triangle and let D be a point on the side BC . Let X and Y be the centroids of triangles ABD and ACD. Use ane geometry to prove that the line XY is parallel to BC . Problem 17 Let T be a trapezoid. Prove that there is an ane transformation that transforms T to an isosceles trapezoid. (An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid with two equal base angles.)