Problem 9.

46 Determine the irreversibilities associated with each of the processes of the reheat Rankine cycle described in Problem 9.26. Assume a source temperature of 1500 K and a sink temperature of 290 K. Problem 9.26 A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 8 MPa and 500 C and leaves at 3 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 500 C before it expands to 20 kPa in the low-pressure turbine. Assumptions: 1. 2. 3. 4. steady-flow conditions neglect changes in k.e. and p.e. isentropic compression and expansion boiler and condenser are internally reversible 1000 . Pa MPa 1000 . kPa C K kJ 1000 . joule

kPa

Approach: This problem will be solved, by first evaluating the cycle on a first-law basis starting with the pump. Conditions at the pump inlet (state 1) are determined from the saturated steam tables, as P1 h1 20 . kPa 251.40 . kJ kg 1 0.001017 . m3 kg s1 0.8320 . kJ kg . K

The pump work and conditions at the pump exit are determined, as P2 8 . MPa 1. P 2 w pump s2 P1 s1

w pump h2 h1

Conditions at the inlet to the high pressure turbine (state 3) are determined from the super-heat steam tables, as h3 3398.3 . kJ kg s3 6.7240 . kJ kg . K

Heat transferred to the working fluid in the boiler is computed from an energy balance, as q boiler h3 h2 q boiler = 3.139 10
3

kJ kg

Conditions at the outlet of the high pressure turbine (state 4) are determined by assuming an isentropic expansion, as s4 sx s3 6.5390 6.7428 P4 . 3 . MPa hx 2993.5 3115.3 . kJ kg Tx kJ kg 300 350 .C

kJ kg . K

h4 T4

linterp s x , h x , s 4 linterp s x , T x , s 4

h 4 = 3.104 103 T 4 = 345.388 C

Conditions at the low pressure turbine inlet (state 5) are computed from the super-heat steam tables, as h5 3456.5 . kJ kg s5 7.2338 . kJ kg . K

Heat transferred from the reheater to the working fluid is computed from an energy balance, as q reheater h5 h4 q reheater = 352.436 kJ kg

Conditions exiting the low-pressure turbine (state 6) are determined by assuming an isentropic expansion to 20 kPa, as s6 s5 sf 6 . s fg s6 s fg hf 6 . h fg sf 6 = 0.905 hf 251.4 . kJ kg kJ kg h fg 2358.3 . kJ kg 0.8320 . kJ kg . K s fg 7.0766 . kJ kg . K

s6 sf 6

h6

h 6 = 2.385 103

Work produced by the high- and low-pressure turbines are computed, as w turbine th h3 h4 h5 h6 w turbine = 1.366 103 th = 0.389 kJ kg

w turbine q boiler

w pump q reheater

The pumps and turbines are considered isentropic, therefore the irreversibility associated with these processes is zero. i hp_turbine i lp_turbine i pump 0 0 0

Irreversibilities associated with the heat addition or heat rejection processes are computed, as To 290 . K T source 1500 . K T sink 290 . K

i boiler

T o. s 3

s2

q boiler T source q reheater T source

i boiler = 1.102 10

kJ kg kJ kg

i reheater

T o. s 5

s4

i reheater = 79.704

q condenser

h6

h1

q condenser = 2.133 10 q condenser T sink

kJ kg kJ kg

i condenser

T o. s 1

s6

i condenser = 276.899