A.

Intermediate frame
6.A.1 Loads:
-Checking the member for the following combination of loads:
For load case 1.5 [DL+OL+WL_0DEG], for member no. 401 in STAAD file
Case 1: F
x
= -750 kN -maxm. axial tension
M
z
= 1730 kN-m -moment
For load case 1.2 [DL+OL+LL+WL_135DEG], for member no. 401 in STAAD file
Case 2: F
x
= 710 kN -maxm. axial compression
M
z
= 1650 kN-m -moment
V
max
= F
y,max
= 780 kN -maxm. shear force
-the beam is connected at the face of column. Forces to be tranferred at the centroid of column:
Offset, o = 750 mm -offset of column in major axis directn.
6.A.2 Sectional properties & end conditions:
Section: 4 x 300 NB 6 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Individual member-
Outer diameter of pipe = 323.9 mm
Thickness = 6.3 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 311.3 mm 1500
A = 6286 mm
2
Self-wt. = 49.34 kg/m
I
zz
= I
yy
= 79288969
mm
4
I
t
= 158.58
x10
6
mm
4
Composite section-
A
comp.
= 25143.8
mm
2
400
Self-wt.
comp
= 197.4 kg/m
I
zz,comp.
= 14.46
x10
9
mm
4
I
yy,comp.
= 1.32
x10
9
mm
4
I
w,comp
= 5.80
x10
12
mm
6
-warping const.
I
t,comp
= 15.78
x10
9
mm
4
-torsional constant
z
pz,comp
= 18.86
x10
6
mm
3
z
py,comp
= 5.03
x10
6
mm
3
z
ez,comp
= 15.86
x10
6
mm
3
z
ey,comp
= 3.65
x10
6
mm
3
r
z
= 758.36 mm
r
y
= 229.38 mm
f
y
= 310 MPa
f
u
= 450 MPa
6. COLUMN
-plastic section modulus
-elastic section modulus
-radius of gyration
Fig. 4.a Column c/s
z
y
6.0 Column
Structural restrain:
L = 12000 mm -unrestrained length
L
LT
= 0.8 L
= 12000 mm
k = 2
.'. kL = 24000 mm
6.A.3 Moment capacity: [As per 8.2.2, IS 800- 2007]
-elastic critical moment
[Annex. E-1.1, IS 800- 2007]
E = 200000 MPa -Young's modulus
G = 79300 MPa -modulus of rigidity
M
cr
= 150655.8 kN-m
f
cr,b
= M
cr
/ Z
px
= 7989.0 MPa
.'. f
bd
= 281.8 MPa
Section Classification:
D/t = 51.4
= 0.90
D/t < 1462
.'.
b
= 0.84 As section is semi-compact
M
dz
=
b
z
p
f
bd
= 4468.4 kN-m
M
z,max
= M
z
+ (F x o) F- axial force, o-offset
= 2292.5 kN-m for case I
= 2182.5 kN-m for case II
M
dz
> M
z,max
OK
6.A.4 Tensile strength:
-considering yeilding of gross section
T
d
= A
g
f
y
/
mo
= 7086.0 kN -design tensile strength
T
max
= 750 kN -maxm. axial tension
T
d
> T
max
OK
6.A.5 Compressive strength:
1.05 x (kL/r
min
) = 109.86 mm -for laced column
[As per Cl. 7.6.1.5, IS 800- 2007]
Buckling class = c
f
c
= 101.19 MPa
P
d
= 2544.3 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 710.0 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
[For built-up sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]
[Table 9(c) of IS 800- 2007]
[As per Cl. 6.2 of IS 800- 2007]
[Table 15, IS 800- 2007], (full torsional
restrain, partial warping restrain)
-for effective length of compression member
(one end fixed, other free)
-extreme fibre bending
compressive stress
-moment capacity @ major axis
H
c
=
n
2
EI

I
L1
2
I
w
I

+
0I
t
I
L1
2
n
2
EI

0.5
6.0 Column
COMBINED CHECKS:
6.A.6 Section strength: [As per Sec. 9.3.1 of IS 800- 2007]
N = 750 kN -axial tension
= 710 kN -axial compression
M
y
= 0 kN-m -no moment acting @ minor axis
= 0.62 -for Case I
= 0.59 -for Case II
6.A.7 Overall member strength:
A) Bending +Axial tension [As per Sec. 9.3.2.1, IS 800- 2007]
M
eff
= [M-TZ
ec
/A] M
d
= 1 -T & M cannot vary independently
M
eff
= 2292.50 kN-m
M
d
> M
eff
OK
B) Bending +Axial compression [As per Sec. 9.3.2.2, IS 800- 2007]
K
y
= 1+(
y
-0.2)n
y
1 + 0.8n
y
K
z
= 1+(
z
-0.2)n
z
1 + 0.8n
z
K
LT
=
f
cc,z
= 1970.9 MPa
.'.
z
= 0.40
n
z
= P/P
d
= 0.279
f
cr,b
= 7989.0 MPa

LT
= 0.20
C
mLT
= 0.7
C
my
= C
mz
= 0.7
[Table 18, IS 800- 2007]
(M
2
/M
1
=0.2)
OK
N
N
d
+
H

H
d
+
H
z
H
dz
1.0
N
N
d
+
H

H
d
+
H
z
H
dz
P
P
d
+ K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
L1
H
z
H
dz
1.0
P
P
dz
+0.6K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
z
C
mz
H
z
H
dz
1.0
1
0.1
L1
n

C
mL1
0.25
1
0.1n

C
mL1
0.25

z
=

cc

cc
=
n
2
E
kI
r
2

L1
=

c,b
6.0 Column
K
y
= K
z
= 1.1
K
LT
= 0.99
M
y
= 0 kN-m -no moment acting @ minor axis
= 0.76 OK
= 0.64 OK
6.A.8 Design of Lacings:
-Lacings are designed to take the shear force on the column section
Lacings would be of two types:
i) Primary: these take shear force obtained by analysis acting along the y directn. (Fig. 4.a)
ii) Secondary: these take shear = 2.5% of axial load along the z directn. (Fig. 4.a)
F
y
s P
(shear)
1500 400
i) Primary Lacings:
Loads-
F
y,max
= 780 kN -maxm. SF in the column
Section: 150 NB 4.5 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Outer diameter of pipe = 165.1 mm
Thickness = 4.5 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 156.1 mm
A = 2270 mm
2
-c/s area
Self-wt. = 17.82 kg/m
I
xx
= I
yy
= 7.33
x10
6
mm
4
-second moment of area
I
t
= 14.65
x10
6
mm
4
-torsional const.
z
p
= (d
o
3
- d
i
3
)/6 -plastic section modulus
= 116.10 x10
3
mm
3
z
e
= 89
x10
3
mm
3
-elastic section modulus
r
min
= 56.8 mm -radius of gyration
f
y
= 310 MPa -grade of steel
f
u
= 450 MPa
P = 2.5% of axial
force
Fig. 4.b- Lacing arrangement
P
P
d
+ K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
L1
H
z
H
dz
P
P
dz
+0.6K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
z
C
mz
H
z
H
dz


6.0 Column
Structural restrain- k = 1
Other Parameters-
s = 3000 mm -spacing of lacing system
P = 551.5 kN
= 45

ks/r
1
50
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
= 73.24 mm (kL/r
min
)
comp.
-for the composite section
r
1
= 112.31 mm
ks/r
1
= 26.7 mm OK
Compression capacity-
L = 2121 mm
kL/r
min
= 37.35 mm
Buckling class = a
f
c
= 263.15 MPa
P
d
= 597.5 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 551.5 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
ii) Secondary Lacings:
Loads-
P = 47.6 kN -2.5% of (P + M/d)
Section: 32 NB 3.2 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Outer diameter of pipe = 33.7 mm
Thickness = 3.2 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 27.3 mm
A = 307 mm
2
-c/s area
Self-wt. = 2.41 kg/m
I
xx
= I
yy
= 0.04
x10
6
mm
4
-second moment of area
I
t
= 0.07
x10
6
mm
4
-torsional const.
z
p
= (d
o
3
- d
i
3
)/6 -plastic section modulus
= 2.99 x10
3
mm
3
z
e
= 2
x10
3
mm
3
-elastic section modulus
r
min
= 10.8 mm -radius of gyration
f
y
= 310 MPa -grade of steel
f
u
= 450 MPa
Structural restrain- k = 1 -considering both ends pinned
Other Parameters-
s = 750 mm -spacing of lacing system @ z-axis
[For hollow sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]
[Table 9(a) of IS 800- 2007]
-c/c length of each lacing member
-both ends pinned, as lacings take only axial loads
-axial compression on each lacing element
[As per Cl. 7.6.5.1, IS 800- 2007]
r
1
- radius of gyration of individual member
being laced together
6.0 Column
P = 32.6 kN
= 43

ks/r
1
50
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
= 73.24 mm (kL/r
min
)
comp.
-for the composite section
r
1
= 112.31 mm
ks/r
1
= 6.7 mm OK
Compression capacity-
L = 548 mm
kL/r
min
= 50.57 mm
Buckling class = a
f
c
= 247.06 MPa
P
d
= 75.8 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 32.6 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
6.A.9 Welded connection between lacing & column:
Force to be transmitted, F
max
= 551.5 kN -for primary lacing
= 32.6 kN -for secondary lacing
Grade of weld = Fe 540
f
u
= 540 MPa
f
y
= 410 MPa
i) Primary Lacing-
-Using fillet weld for the joint
Weld thickness = 4 mm
t
t
= 2.83 mm

mw
= 1.25 -for shop fabrications
Weld capacity = N/mm
= 587.9 N/mm
Weld length reqd. = 938.2 mm
-using welded gusset plated connection for the member:
l = 275.0 mm
.'. Weld length = 1100.0 mm
OK
-effective throat thickness of weld
Fig. 4.c- Typical welded gusset plated connection
[Table 9(a) of IS 800- 2007]
-axial compression on each lacing element
[As per Cl. 7.6.5.1, IS 800- 2007]
r
1
- radius of gyration of individual member
being laced together
-c/c length of each lacing member
[For hollow sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]

u
3 y
mw
t
t
6.0 Column
ii) Secondary Lacing-
-Using fillet weld for the joint
Weld thickness = 3 mm
t
t
= 2.12 mm

mw
= 1.25 -for shop fabrications
Weld capacity = 440.9 N/mm
Weld length reqd. = 74.0 mm
Provided weld length = 105.9 mm OK
6.A.10 Welded connection between gusset plate & column CHS:
-Gusset plate is provided for primary lacings
-Gusset plate transfers force from lacings to column members
Force transferred, F = 551.5 kN
Grade of plate = Fe 540
f
u
= 540 MPa
f
y
= 410 MPa
t = 6 mm -thickness of gusset plate
Grade of weld = Fe 540
f
u
= 540 MPa
f
y
= 410 MPa
-Using fillet weld for the joint
Weld thickness = 6 mm
t
t
= 4.24 mm

mw
= 1.25 -for shop fabrications
Weld capacity = N/mm
= 1058.2 N/mm
Weld length reqd. = 521.2
l = 350.0 mm -length of plate
Provided weld length = 700 mm -providing weld on both sides
-effective throat thickness of weld
-effective throat thickness of weld

u
3 y
mw
t
t
6.0 Column
B. End frame
6.B.1 Loads:
-Checking the member for the following combination of loads:
For load case 1.5 [DL+OL+WL_0DEG], for member no. 401 in STAAD file
Case 1: F
x
= -230 kN -maxm. axial tension
M
z
= 475 kN-m -moment
For load case 1.2 [DL+OL+LL+WL_135DEG], for member no. 401 in STAAD file
Case 2: F
x
= 245 kN -maxm. axial compression
M
z
= 510 kN-m -moment
V
max
= F
y,max
= 240 kN -maxm. shear force
-the beam is connected at the face of column. Forces to be tranferred at the centroid of column:
Offset, o = 750 mm -offset of column in major axis directn.
6.B.2 Sectional properties & end conditions:
Section: 4 x 200 NB 6 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Individual member-
Outer diameter of pipe = 219.1 mm
Thickness = 6 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 207.1 mm 1500
A = 4017 mm
2
Self-wt. = 31.53 kg/m
I
zz
= I
yy
= 22819474
mm
4
I
t
= 45.64
x10
6
mm
4
Composite section-
A
comp.
= 16067.36
mm
2
400
Self-wt.
comp
= 126.1 kg/m
I
zz,comp.
= 9.13
x10
9
mm
4
I
yy,comp.
= 0.73
x10
9
mm
4
I
w,comp
= 1.70
x10
12
mm
6
-warping const.
I
t,comp
= 9.86
x10
9
mm
4
-torsional constant
z
pz,comp
= 12.05
x10
6
mm
3
z
py,comp
= 3.21
x10
6
mm
3
z
ez,comp
= 10.62
x10
6
mm
3
z
ey,comp
= 2.37
x10
6
mm
3
r
z
= 753.78 mm
r
y
= 213.73 mm
f
y
= 310 MPa
f
u
= 450 MPa
Fig. 4.a Column c/s
-plastic section modulus
-elastic section modulus
-radius of gyration
z
y
6.0 Column
Structural restrain:
L = 12000 mm -unrestrained length
L
LT
= 0.8 L
= 12000 mm
k = 2
.'. kL = 24000 mm
6.B.3 Moment capacity: [As per 8.2.2, IS 800- 2007]
-elastic critical moment
[Annex. E-1.1, IS 800- 2007]
E = 200000 MPa -Young's modulus
G = 79300 MPa -modulus of rigidity
M
cr
= 88710.3 kN-m
f
cr,b
= M
cr
/ Z
px
= 7361.5 MPa
.'. f
bd
= 281.8 MPa
Section Classification: [Table 2, IS 800- 2007]
D/t = 36.5
= 0.90
D/t < 522 Section is compact
.'.
b
= 1.00 As section is compact
M
dz
=
b
z
p
f
bd
= 3395.8 kN-m
M
z,max
= M
z
+ (F x o) F- axial force, o-offset
= 647.5 kN-m for case I
= 693.8 kN-m for case II
M
dz
> M
z,max
OK
6.B.4 Tensile strength:
-considering yeilding of gross section
T
d
= A
g
f
y
/
mo
= 4528.1 kN -design tensile strength
T
max
= 230 kN -maxm. axial tension
T
d
> T
max
OK
6.B.5 Compressive strength:
1.05 x (kL/r
min
) = 117.91 mm -for laced column
[As per Cl. 7.6.1.5, IS 800- 2007]
Buckling class = c
f
c
= 90.92 MPa
P
d
= 1460.9 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 245.0 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
[Table 9(c) of IS 800- 2007]
[Table 15, IS 800- 2007], (full torsional
restrain, partial warping restrain)
-for effective length of compression member
(one end fixed, other free)
-extreme fibre bending
compressive stress
-moment capacity @ major axis
[As per Cl. 6.2 of IS 800- 2007]
[For built-up sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]
H
c
=
n
2
EI

I
L1
2
I
w
I

+
0I
t
I
L1
2
n
2
EI

0.5
6.0 Column
COMBINED CHECKS:
6.B.6 Section strength: [As per Sec. 9.3.1 of IS 800- 2007]
N = 230 kN -axial tension
= 245 kN -axial compression
M
y
= 0 kN-m -no moment acting @ minor axis
= 0.24 -for Case I
= 0.26 -for Case II
6.B.7 Overall member strength:
A) Bending +Axial tension [As per Sec. 9.3.2.1, IS 800- 2007]
M
eff
= [M-TZ
ec
/A] M
d
= 1 -T & M cannot vary independently
M
eff
= 647.50 kN-m
M
d
> M
eff
OK
B) Bending +Axial compression [As per Sec. 9.3.2.2, IS 800- 2007]
K
y
= 1+(
y
-0.2)n
y
1 + 0.8n
y
K
z
= 1+(
z
-0.2)n
z
1 + 0.8n
z
K
LT
=
f
cc,z
= 1947.1 MPa
.'.
z
= 0.40
n
z
= P/P
d
= 0.168
f
cr,b
= 7361.5 MPa

LT
= 0.21
C
mLT
= 0.7
C
my
= C
mz
= 0.7
OK
[Table 18, IS 800- 2007]
(M
2
/M
1
=0.2)
N
N
d
+
H

H
d
+
H
z
H
dz
1.0
N
N
d
+
H

H
d
+
H
z
H
dz
P
P
d
+ K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
L1
H
z
H
dz
1.0
P
P
dz
+0.6K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
z
C
mz
H
z
H
dz
1.0
1
0.1
L1
n

C
mL1
0.25
1
0.1n

C
mL1
0.25

z
=

cc

cc
=
n
2
E
kI
r
2

L1
=

c,b
6.0 Column
K
y
= K
z
= 1.0
K
LT
= 0.99
M
y
= 0 kN-m -no moment acting @ minor axis
= 0.37 OK
= 0.32 OK
6.B.8 Design of Lacings:
-Lacings are designed to take the shear force on the column section
Lacings would be of two types:
i) Primary: these take shear force obtained by analysis acting along the y directn. (Fig. 4.a)
ii) Secondary: these take shear = 2.5% of axial load along the z directn. (Fig. 4.a)
F
y
s P
(shear)
1500 400
i) Primary Lacings:
Loads-
F
y,max
= 240 kN -maxm. SF in the column
Section: 80 NB 3.2 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Outer diameter of pipe = 88.9 mm
Thickness = 4 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 80.9 mm
A = 1067 mm
2
-c/s area
Self-wt. = 8.38 kg/m
I
xx
= I
yy
= 0.96
x10
6
mm
4
-second moment of area
I
t
= 1.93
x10
6
mm
4
-torsional const.
z
p
= (d
o
3
- d
i
3
)/6 -plastic section modulus
= 28.85 x10
3
mm
3
z
e
= 22
x10
3
mm
3
-elastic section modulus
r
min
= 30.0 mm -radius of gyration
f
y
= 310 MPa -grade of steel
f
u
= 450 MPa
P = 2.5% of axial
force
P
P
d
+ K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
L1
H
z
H
dz
P
P
dz
+0.6K

C
m
H

H
d
+K
z
C
mz
H
z
H
dz


6.0 Column
Structural restrain- k = 1
Other Parameters-
s = 3000 mm -spacing of lacing system
P = 169.7 kN
= 45

ks/r
1
50
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
= 78.60 mm (kL/r
min
)
comp.
-for the composite section
r
1
= 75.37 mm
ks/r
1
= 39.8 mm OK
Compression capacity-
L = 2121 mm
kL/r
min
= 70.59 mm
Buckling class = a
f
c
= 209.58 MPa
P
d
= 223.6 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 169.7 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
ii) Secondary Lacings:
Loads-
P = 14.6 kN -2.5% of (P + M/d)
Section: 32 NB 2.6 THK. TATA STRUCTURA
Properties:
Outer diameter of pipe = 33.7 mm
Thickness = 3.2 mm
Inner diameter of pipe = 27.3 mm
A = 307 mm
2
-c/s area
Self-wt. = 2.41 kg/m
I
xx
= I
yy
= 0.04
x10
6
mm
4
-second moment of area
I
t
= 0.07
x10
6
mm
4
-torsional const.
z
p
= (d
o
3
- d
i
3
)/6 -plastic section modulus
= 2.99 x10
3
mm
3
z
e
= 2
x10
3
mm
3
-elastic section modulus
r
min
= 10.8 mm -radius of gyration
f
y
= 310 MPa -grade of steel
f
u
= 450 MPa
Structural restrain- k = 1 -considering both ends pinned
Other Parameters-
s = 750 mm -spacing of lacing system @ z-axis
-both ends pinned, as lacings take only axial loads
-axial compression on each lacing element
[As per Cl. 7.6.5.1, IS 800- 2007]
r
1
- radius of gyration of individual member
being laced together
-c/c length of each lacing member
[For hollow sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]
[Table 9(a) of IS 800- 2007]
6.0 Column
P = 10.0 kN
= 43

ks/r
1
50
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
0.7 (kL/r
min
)
comp.
= 78.60 mm (kL/r
min
)
comp.
-for the composite section
r
1
= 75.37 mm
ks/r
1
= 10.0 mm OK
Compression capacity-
L = 548 mm
kL/r
min
= 50.57 mm
Buckling class = a
f
c
= 247.06 MPa
P
d
= 75.8 kN -design compressive strength
P
max
= 10.0 kN -maxm. axial compression
P
d
> P
max
OK
6.B.9 Welded connection between lacing & column:
Force to be transmitted, F
max
= 169.7 kN -for primary lacing
= 10.0 kN -for secondary lacing
Grade of weld = Fe 540
f
u
= 540 MPa
f
y
= 410 MPa
i) Primary Lacing-
-Using full penetration groove weld for the joint
Weld thickness = 4 mm
t
t
= 4 mm

mw
= 1.25 -for shop fabrications
Weld capacity = N/mm
= 831.4 N/mm
Weld length reqd. = 204.1 mm
Provided weld length = 279.3 mm OK
ii) Secondary Lacing-
Weld thickness = 3 mm -fillet weld
t
t
= 2.12 mm

mw
= 1.25 -for shop fabrications
Weld capacity = 440.9
Weld length reqd. = 22.7 mm
Provided weld length = 105.9 mm OK
-effective throat thickness of weld
-c/c length of each lacing member
[For hollow sections as per Table-
10, IS 800- 2007]
[Table 9(a) of IS 800- 2007]
-providing weld around the whole
circumference of the tube
-effective throat thickness of weld
r
1
- radius of gyration of individual member
being laced together
-axial compression on each lacing element
[As per Cl. 7.6.5.1, IS 800- 2007]

u
3 y
mw
t
t
6.0 Column