University Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus Sarawak EAB 2401Biosystem Waste Management Technology

Lab1: In situ parameter analysis

Name:

Muhammad Redzuan Bin Kamarudin S15949 Mohd Hafiz B. Mohd Nasser S15904

Course: Date: Prepared for:

Diploma in Agricultural Engineering 21 June 2013 Cik Siti Nurdiana Jaafar

Objective Materials: 1. Radiometer analytical 2. Water sample from hatchery fish pond No 3 (2 bottles) Procedure 1. Water was collected from fish pond no. 3 using 2 bottles 2. Sample in bottles was brought to lab to test. 3. Those sample in 2 bottles was checked using radiometer analytical to analyze the dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and salinity. Results: Sample 1 Dissolved oxygen( mg/L) pH Temperature ( ) 0 0 5.39 31.1 5.43 30.9 4.8 Sample 2 5.36 To investigate water quality

Salinity (%)

Discussions: Recommended parameters for pond water. Dissolved oxygen = 8mg/L pH = 7.2 to 8.5 Temperature = 26-30oC Salinity = 0.3% to 0.4%

Low dissolved oxygen level is the major limiting water quality parameter in aquaculture systems. A critically low dissolved oxygen level occurs in ponds particularly when algal blooms die-off and subsequent decomposition of algal blooms and can cause stress or mortality of fish in ponds. Chronically low dissolved oxygen levels can reduce growth, feeding and moulting frequency. Aquaculture organisms are cold-blooded animals. They can modify their body temperature to the environment in normal condition, unlike the warm-blooded animals, which can react to maintain the optimum body temperature. For eg. the optimum range of temperature for the pond fish is between 28C-30C. Increase in temperature beyond 30C increases the activity level and the metabolism. This also increases the growth rate. If the temperature still increases then the fish pond reaches a threshold of physical and nutritional tolerance, which is 33C in poor quality water or 35C in good quality water and evolve beautifully at the pond bottom. Atmospheric oxygen crosses the air-water boundary and dissolves in the water matrix. The only way that oxygen can be introduced from air to water is by diffusion. Atmosphere contains vast amount of oxygen, some of which diffuse into pond waters when they are unsaturated with oxygen. For undisturbed water, the net transfer of oxygen will depend upon deficit or surplus, the area of the air-water interface, the temperature and the time of contact. In general, the rate of diffusion of oxygen depends primarily on the oxygen deficit in water, the amount of water surface exposed to the air and the degree of turbulence. Typically, dissolved oxygen is measured either in mg. per litre (mgI-) or parts permillion (ppm) with O ppm representing total oxygen depletion and 15 ppm representing the maximum or saturation concentration.

Conclusion From the experiment, the water quality is not so good because pH measured is ranged between 5.0 - 5.5. This pH ranged can makes the fish stressed because the water is acidic. Fish firmly growth also affected in water pH less than 6.5. Dissolve oxygen were poorly limited in the pond which is ranged 5.0-5.5mg/L On the other factors such as temperature and salinity is quite good for the growth of the fish and reach the optimum value of each parameters.

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