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Brake Unit Faults AMM/MEL If a fault is detected in a single wheel braking system, an aircraft may be despatched with the unit either capped or deactivated:
Capped. A fault has been found in the brake unit itself which renders that unit inoperative and the hydraulic supply line to the unit has been disconnected. The wheel will not automatically brake during landing gear retraction and 2 minutes must be allowed for the wheel to stop spinning before raising the landing gear. In a 757-200 with Flap 15 and NOT obstacle limited, the penalty is 13,000 kg. Different weight penalties apply to the 757-300.
Deactivated. The brake unit is serviceable, but a fault has been found in the control system and the control unit for that wheel brake unit has been deactivated. Automatic gear retract braking is serviceable. Penalty 1,000 kg.
AMM With the brakes applied, if the wear indicator pin does not extend out of the grommet on the guide bracket, then the brake must be replaced.
Note: Some BF Goodrich brakes have plastic tags that show "ALTERNATE WORN BRAKE RTO COMPLIANCE". These tags are near the brake wear pins. The tags are put on brakes that comply with FAA worn brake requirements and can be ignored. Note: There are actually 2 Brake Wear Indicator pins per unit, but the inner set are difficult to see at night and can be disregarded for all intents and purposes. The following information is from the Flight Crew Training Manual
The vertical dotted line at 30 knots indicates the recommended maximum taxi speed. Even when an aircraft tire is properly inflated and operated at moderate taxi speeds, the heat generation will always exceed the heat dissipated. The farther the taxi distance, the hotter the tires will be at the start of the take-off. When the airplane is equipped with steel brakes, avoid prolonged brake application to control taxi speed as this causes high brake temperatures and increased wear of brakes. If taxi speed is too high, reduce speed with a steady brake application and then release the brakes to allow them to cool. Braking to approximately 10 knots and subsequent release of the brakes results in less heat build-up in the tires and brakes than when the brakes are constantly applied. Under normal conditions, differential braking and braking while turning should be avoided. Allow for decreased braking effectiveness on slippery surfaces. Avoid following other aircraft too closely. Jet blast is a major cause of foreign object damage.
Antiskid Inoperative
With antiskid inoperative, tire damage or blowouts can occur if moderate to heavy braking is used. With this condition, it is recommended that taxi speed be adjusted to allow for very light braking.
Wheel Brakes
Braking force is proportional to the force of the tires on the runway and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the runway. The contact area normally changes little during the braking cycle. The perpendicular force comes from airplane weight and any downward aerodynamic force such as speedbrakes. The coefficient of friction depends on the tire condition and runway surface, (eg concrete, asphalt, dry, wet or icy).
Automatic Brakes
Boeing recommends that whenever runway limited, using higher than normal approach speeds, landing on slippery runways or landing in a crosswind, the autobrake system be used.
For normal operation of the autobrake system select a deceleration setting. Settings include:
MAX AUTO: Used when minimum stopping distance is required. Deceleration rate is less than that produced by full manual braking 3 or 4: Should be used for wet or slippery runways or when landing rollout distance is limited 1 or 2: These settings provide a moderate deceleration effect suitable for all routine operations.
Note: Autobrakes 2 or greater results in a continuous brake application, which can increase carbon brake life. Flight crew/airline experience with airplane characteristics relative to the various runway conditions routinely encountered provide initial guidance as to the desirable level of deceleration selected. Immediate initiation of reverse thrust at main gear touchdown and full reverse thrust allow the autobrake system to reduce brake pressure to the minimum level. Since the autobrake system senses deceleration and modulates brake pressure accordingly, the proper application of reverse thrust results in reduced braking for a large portion of the landing roll. The importance of establishing the desired reverse thrust level as soon as possible after touchdown cannot be overemphasized. This minimizes brake temperatures and tire and brake wear and reduces stopping distance on very slippery runways. The use of minimum reverse thrust almost doubles the brake energy requirements and can result in brake temperatures much higher than normal. [Flight Crew Training Manual]
Tire Pressure
The pressures for all main gear and nose gear tires are displayed on the EICAS status page. Pressures are in psi. Tire pressure numbers change from cyan to white when the following conditions occur: low pressure on any tire, differential pressure between tires on any particular axle, and deviation from the average tire pressure (main gear only). On some airplanes, the EICAS advisory message
TYRE PRESSURE is displayed and a Tire Pressure light illuminates on the overhead panel when a non-normal condition exists.