PERANCANGAN PRODUK

Design Process acc. to VDI 2221

Steps of Embodiment Design

Steps of Embodiment Design

Embodiment Design

Embodiment Design
The embodiment design exactly determines the geometry of a product, an assembly or a part with all its characteristics and features.

Influencing Factors on Embodiment Design The embodiment design must consider aspects of force, moment and power transmission, the used materials and production

The Influence of Embodiment Design on Costs

The embodiment design has a significant impact on the product costs: the choice of materials determines utilizable production processes utilizable production processes determine the costs

Design Dilemma

Restrictions on the Embodiment Design

During the embodiment design phase, a number of restrictions have to be considered: planned quantity of produced items planned processing time; delivery time planned costs available stocks and supplies disposability of staff

Embodiment Design

Working Surface / Working Motion

Working Surface / Working Motion

By way of arrangement of the working surfaces (lines, spaces ...) and selection of the working motion the function is enforced by application of the relevant physical effect.

The embodiment of the working surface is determined and varied by Kind Form Position Size Number

The required working motion is determined by Kind: translation - rotation Form: uniform - nonuniform Direction: in the x, y, z direction and/or around the x, y, z axis Amount and level of speed Number: one, several ...

Embodiment Elements
The embodiment of a technical artefact is made up of embodiment elements
Embodiment elements can have different degrees of complexity: points, corners, bits, line pieces, edges, partial surfaces, components, assemblies, machines, devices, apparatus

In a techncial system, an embodiment element is the smallest element that can still be influenced by the embodiment design.

Levels of Complexity of Embodiment Elements

Complexity of Embodiment Elements

Depending on their field of responsibility, engineers handle embodiment elements of very differerent degrees of complexity: project engineer of a power plant: embodiment element e. g. feed pump with a performance of 3 MW designer of a axle journal: radius of ball socket of the track control arm

Embodiment Design of Points of Contact I

Embodiment Design of Points of Contact II

Design Process acc. to VDI 2221

Stages of the Embodiment Design Process

The embodiment design process has two stages: 1. qualitative embodiment design 2. quantitative embodiment design

Qualitative/Quantitative Embodiment Design

The embodiment elements and the structure of their arrangement are determined by way of qualitative embodiment design. The dimensions of the embodiment elements themselves and of their angles to one another as well as the distances between them are determined by way of quantitative embodiment design.

Factors Influencing the Embodiment Design

Enlarging the Solution Field

The solution field can be enlarged by systematic variation of the embodiment parameters.

Possibilities of Variation with Principle Solutions

Working surface (geometry) Type Point, line, surface, body Shape Curve, circle, ellipse, hyperbola, parabola, triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, cylinder, cone, rhomb, cube, sphere, symmetrical, asymmetrical Position Axial, radial, tangential, vertical, horizontal, parallel, sequential Size Small, large, narrow, broad, tall, low Number Undivided, divided, simple, double, multiple Working motions Type Nature Direction Magnitude Number

Stationary, translational, rotational Uniform, non-uniform, oscillating, plane or three-dimensional In x,y,z direction and/or about x,y,z axis Velocity One, several, composite movements

Basic material properties State Solid, liquid, gaseous Behaviour Rigid, elastic, plastic, viscous Form Solid body, grains, powder, dust
acc. to Pahl/Beitz

Variation of Working Surfaces

Pahl/Beitz

Example: Variation of Working Surface and Motion

acc. to Niemann; 3rd edition

Embodiment Structure
A further important embodiment parameter is the embodiment structure. This term refers to the relations of the embodiment elements to each other.

Embodiment Structure

Embodiment Structure: Structure Diagrams

acc. to Koller

Variants of Embodiment Structures

Influence of the Requirements List

Please note: the most important and concrete instructions relevant for the embodiment design are stated in the requirements list: either directly: Restriction of building space :height < 400mm, depth < 1200, width < 750mm or indirectly: will be delivered on EXPO-stillages product has to be easily cleanable

Checklist for Drawing-Up a Requirements List

acc. to Pahl/Beitz

Embodiment Design
The embodiment design exactly determines the geometry of a product, an assembly or a part with all its characteristics and features.

Checklist for Embodiment Design

The checklist for embodiment design has the purpose to help the designer to recognize all requirements relevant for the embodiment design and document them in the requirements list.

Checklist for Embodiment Design (Part 1 of 2)

Checklist for Embodiment Design (Part 2 of 2)

acc. to Pahl/Beitz

Embodiment Design

Rules of Embodiment Design

In order to accomplish a design meeting up all the requirements of the flow of energy, the employed materials and the production processes we can (and should) make use of the

Basic Rules of Embodiment Design

Basic Rules of Embodiment Design

Clear Embodiment Design

Principle of Clearness

Principle of Clearness

Basic Embodiment Design Rules: Clear

Simple Embodiment Design

Example of Simple Embodiment Design

Simple: Slide Valve

Design Dilemma