Introduction

This spreadsheet is designed as an aid in performing pressure vessel calculations in accordance with the ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The calculations contained in this program are useful for rerating vessels, performing alterations, or for general design studies. The work sheets in the program deal only with the most commonly used portions of the code. The program is not intended to include all aspects of the code. Refer to the applicable sections of the code for restrictions. The calculations take into consideration only stresses imposed as a result of pressure. Other superimposed loads such as piping or equipment reactions, wind loading, fluid shock, etc. must be considered seperately. Including the introduction, there are eleven work sheets in the program. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Introduction Shell thickness t for ellipsoidal head t for torispherical head t for hemispherical head t for bolted flat head Material properties External pressure on shells Stiffening ring Reinforcement requirement with no added element Reinforcement requirement with element added

Page 1

Introduction

ordance with the ned in this program are rk sheets in the ot intended to include calculations take into such as piping or uding the introduction,

Page 2

Shell thickness

Minumum shell thickness for vessel under internal pressure: Calculation based on ASME Section VIII, Division 1 paragraph UG-27. Where: t = minimum required thickness of shell, inches P = internal pressure, psi R = inside radius of shell course under consideration, inches S = maximum allowable stress value, psi. at design temperature. E = joint efficiency. See UW-12 for welded shells. See UG-53 for ligaments between openings.

The minumum thickness will be the greater thickness of t = (PR)/(SE - 0.6P) for circumferential stress or t = (PR)/(2SE + 0.4P) for longitudinal stress. Enter Values: P= R= S= E= 35 psi 172 inches 17500 psi 0.85

NOTE: The value of S is selected from the allowable stress tables and infor the appropriste desig Section 2D ot the ASME code. Do not use yield or tensile stregnth values as in API 653 calculations. 0.405 inches 0.202 inches

Based on circumferential stress, Based on longitudinal stress,

t= t=

USE

t=

0.405 inches

Page 3

t for Ellipsoidal Head

Formed vessel heads generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical. Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt. These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads. Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times the inside crown radius. It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor drawings and data. The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.

Thickness calculation for ellipsoidal head. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(d) t=(PD)/(2SE - 0.2P) where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches D = inside diameter of head at skirt, inches P = internal design pressure, psi E = joint efficiency S = maximum allowable stress value, psi 35 psi 162 inches 13800 psi 1 0.205 inches

Enter values:

P= D= S= E= t=

Calculated thickness,

Page 4

t for Torispherical Head

Formed vessel heads will generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical. Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt. These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads. Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times the inside crown radius. It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor drawings and data. The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.

Thickness calculation for torispherical head. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(e) t = (.885PL)/(SE-0.1P) where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches L = inside spherical or crown radius, inches P = internal design pressure, psi E = joint efficiency S = maximum allowable stress value, psi P= L= S= E= t= 35 psi 146 inches 13800 psi 1 0.328 inches

Enter values:

Calculated thickness,

Page 5

t for Torispherical Head

cal, or hemispherical.

ameter of the skirt.

ckle radius is 0.06 times

s best to consult vendor

Page 6

t for Hemispherical Head

Formed vessel heads will generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical. Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt. These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads. Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times the inside crown radius. It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor drawings and data. The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.

Thickness calculation for hemispherical heads. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(f) t = (PL)/(2SE-0.2P) where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches L = inside spherical or crown radius, inches P = internal design pressure, psi E = joint efficiency S = maximum allowable stress value, psi 4500 psi 6.8 inches 30000 psi 1 0.518 inches

Enter values:

P= L= S= E= t=

Calculated thickness,

t is less than 0.365L or P is less than 0.665SE; therefore, code formula is valid.

Page 7

t for Hemispherical Head

al, or hemispherical.

meter of the skirt.

kle radius is 0.06 times the

best to consult vendor

Page 8

t for Bolted Flat Head

CALCULATION FOR THICKNESS OF BOLTED, FLAT UNSTAYED CIRCULAR HEADS, COVERS, AND BLIND FLANGES Enter values: Bolt circle diameter Nominal bolt size Number of bolts Gasket Factor, Seating stress, Gasket O.D., Gasket I. D., Sealing Face O.D., Sealing Face I.D., Design pressure,

m= y= Go = Gi = Fo = Fi = P=

48.625 0.75 52 3.75 9000 47.375 46.375 47.375 44.5 115

inches inches

NOTE:
1. This program calculates the minimum required thickness for bolted, flat unstayed circular heads, covers, and blind flanges of the type shown in Fig. UG-34, sketch (j) and sketch (k) of Part UG-34 in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1. 2. Enter the decimal equivalent of fractions for all dimensions.

psi inches inches inches inches psi

Allowable bolt stress at ambient temperature, Sb = Allowable stress for head at design temp, S= Calculated values: Bolt area, single bolt Total bolt area Diameter at location of gasket load reaction Width used to determine basic seating width, bo Basic seating width, table 2-5.2, Appedix 2, ASME Sect. VIII Effective gasket seating width, table 25.2, App. 2 ASME Sect VIII Initial bolt load for seating gasket Bolt load required for operating conditions Head thickness based on operating conditions

3. Gasket Factor, m, and Seating Stress, y, for a given gasket material are obtained from table 2-5.1 in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA49.1 in the Lamons Gasket Handbook.
4. The basic gasket seating width, bO, in cell C24 must be selected from table 2-5.2 in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA-49.2 in the Lamons Gasket Handbook and manually entered at the cell location.

20000 psi 17500 psi A= Ab = G=

2 0.334 in 2 17.368 in

5. All formulas and tables in the Lamons Handbook are taken from Appendix 2 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section Vlll, Division 1.

46.88 inches

N=

0.50 inches SCROLL DOWN

bo =

0.25

b=

0.25

Bolt area req'd for seating 331340 lbs. Bolt area req'd for operating = 230212 lbs. Bolt area selected

Am2 = W m2/Sb =

16.57 in2

W m2 = 3.14bGy =

Am1 = W m1/Sb =

11.51 in2

W m1 =

.785G2P + 6.28bGmP

16.567 in2

t1 =

2.191 inches

Head thickness based on gasket seating Operating conditions govern therefore use t1

t2 =

0.8865659 inches

2.191 inches

Page 9

Material Properties

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS, KSI, FOR METAL TEMP. OF == MINIMUM TENSILE, psi 58,000 60,000 60,000 47,000 125,000 95,000 47,000 60,000 75,000 75,000 70,000 75,000 70,000 55,000 55,000 70,000 70,000 125,000 60,000 60,000 65,000 70,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 70,000 40,000 85,000 85,000 110,000 110,000 110,000 80,000 55,000 80,000 55,000 80,000 -20 to 100 14.5 15.0 15.0 11.8 25.0 18.8 10.0 15.0 18.8 18.8 16.7 18.8 16.7 13.8 13.8 16.3 16.7 25.0 15.0 15.0 16.3 17.5 13.8 15.0 16.3 17.5 10.0 21.3 18.1 27.5 23.4 27.5 20.0 13.0 20.0 13.0 20.0

Nominal Composition C-Mn-Si C-Mn C-Si C 1Cr- /5 Mo 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo C C-Si 18Cr-8Ni 18Cr-8Ni 18Cr-8Ni 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo C C 18Cr-8Ni 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo 1Cr-1/5 Mo C-Mn-Si
1 1 1

SPEC NO. SA36 SA53 SA106 SA179 SA193 SA193 SA214 SA234 SA240 SA240 SA240 SA240 SA240 SA283 SA285 SA312 SA312 SA320 SA333 SA387 SA515 SA516 SA516 SA516 SA516 SB309

TYPE/ GRADE PRODUCT FORM S/B B B7 B8M2 WPB 304 304H 304L 316 316L C C TP304L TP316L L7 6 P11 70 55 60 65 70 5083 N06030 N06030 N10665 N10665 N10665 R60705 R60702 R60705 R60702 R60705 plate, sheet smls. pipe smls. pipe smls. tube bolting (<2.5") bolting (<2") wld. tube fittings plate plate plate plate plate plate plate smls. pipe smls. pipe bolting smls. pipe smls. pipe plate plate plate plate plate plate plate,sheet,strip wld. tube plate wld. pipe smls pipe bar plate plate wld. & smls. pipe wld. & smls. pipe

MINUMUM YIELD, psi 36,000 35,000 35,000 26,000 105,000 75,000 26,000 35,000 30,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 25,000 25,000 105,000 35,000 30,000 40,000 38,000 30,000 32,000 35,000 38,000 18,000 35,000 35,000 51,000 51,000 51,000 55,000 30,000 55,000 30,000 55,000

150

200

250

300

400 14.5 15.0 15.0 11.8 25.0 18.8 10.0 15.0 12.9 12.9 11.7 14.3 11.7 13.8 13.8 11.7 11.7 25.0 15.0 15.0 16.3 17.5 13.8 15.0 16.3 17.5

500

600

14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 18.8 15.7 15.7 14.1 18.8 15.7 15.7 14.1 16.7 14.3 14.3 12.8 18.8 17.7 17.7 15.6 16.7 14.1 14.1 12.7 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 16.3 14.3 14.3 12.8 16.7 14.1 14.1 12.7 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 10.0 21.3 20.0 20.0 18.3 18.1 17.0 17.0 15.6 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2 13.0 11.0 11.0 13.0 11.0 11.0 9.3 9.3 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2

14.5 14.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 11.8 11.8 25.0 25.0 18.8 18.8 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 12.1 11.4 12.1 11.4 10.9 10.3 13.3 12.6 10.9 10.4 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 10.9 10.3 10.9 10.4 25.0 25.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.3 17.5 17.5 13.8 13.8 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.3 17.5 17.5

1 /4 Cr- /2 Mo-Si SA335 1Cr- /2 Mo C-Si C-Si C-Mn-Si C-Mn-Si C-Mn-Si Al

1

Gr12 Cl2 plate

Aluminum Hastelloy G30 40Ni-29Cr-15Fe-5Mo SB582 40Ni-29Cr-15Fe-5Mo SB626 65Ni-28Mo-2Fe 65Ni-28Mo-2Fe 65Ni-28Mo-2Fe 95.2Zr+Cb 95.2Zr+Cb 95.2Zr+Cb 95.2Zr+Cb 95.2Zr+Cb SB333 SB619 SB622 SB550 SB551 SB551 SB658 SB658 17.2 14.6 27.5 23.4 27.5 12.5 7.0 12.5 7.0 12.5 16.4 15.8 13.9 13.4 27.5 27.2 23.4 23.1 27.5 27.2 11.3 10.4 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 11.3 10.4 11.3 10.4

Hastelloy B2

Zirconium

Page 10

Material Properties

KSI, FOR METAL TEMP. OF ===>

cont'd ==>

650 14.5

700

750

800

850

900

950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

15.0 14.4 15.0 14.4 11.8 11.5 25.0 25.0 18.8 18.8 10.0 9.8 15.0 14.4 11.2 11.1 11.2 11.1 10.1 10.0 12.3 12.1 10.2 10.0 13.8 13.8 13.3 10.1 10.0 10.2 10.0 25.0 25.0 15.0 14.4 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.3 17.5 16.6 13.8 13.3 15.0 14.4 16.3 15.5 17.5 16.6

13.0 13.0 10.6 23.6 18.8 9.1 13.0 10.8 10.8 9.8 11.9 9.8 12.1 9.8 9.8 13.0 14.8 16.3 14.8 12.1 13.0 13.9 14.8

10.8 10.8 9.2

7.8 8.7 7.9

5 6.5 6.5 12.5 5.5 6.6 8.5 3.8 4.6 4.5 2.1 2.5 9.8 9.8 9.5 9.5 11.2 8.9 8.9 11.0 7.7 7.7 9.8 6.1 6.1 7.4 4.7 4.7 5.5 3.7 3.7 4.1 2.9. 2.9. 3.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 18.8 18.8 18.8 4.5 2.5

21.0 17.0 18.8 18.8 7.8 10.8 6.7 8.7

10.6 10.4 10.6 10.4 9.7 11.7 11.6 9.6 10.0 9.7 9.6 10.8 14.4 12.0 10.0 10.8 11.4 12.0 9.4 7.8 14 9.3 8.4 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.4 8.4

10.2 10.0 10.2 10.0

11.5 11.4 11.3

6.5

5 13.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5

3.0 9.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

1.5 6.3 7.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.5 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.1

16.3 15.8

15.2 11.3

15.5 15.2 13.2 12.9 26.8 26.6 22.8 22.6 26.8 26.6 10.4 6.0 10.4 6.0 10.4 9.9 4.8 9.9 4.8 9.9

14.9 12.7 26.1 22.2 26.1

14.6 12.4 25.6 21.8 25.6

Page 11

Ext. Pres. on Shells

Thickness of cylindrical shells under external pressure. ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28.
This work sheet calculates the allowable external pressure for a cylindrical vessel having a known outside diameter, wall thickness, and length between lines of support. It is assumed that external stiffeners are adequately designed.
Gather the following information and reference materials prior to using the worksheet. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Material designation for the vessel Design temperature Outside diameter Vessel shell thickness Section ll, Part D of the ASME Code opened to Subpart 3 (page 621)

Step 1. Enter known values. Outside diameter, Do = Shell thickness, t = Section length between lines of support, L= Step 2. Calculate ratios.

90 inches 1 inches 920 inches Do / t =

Note: For definition of a line of support, see ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-28(b).

90

L / Do =

10.222

Step 3. Determine factor A a. Go to ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3, Figure G (page 622 & 623). b. Enter Figure G at the value of L / Do in Step 2 above. If L / Do is greater than 50, enter the chart at L / Do = 50. If L / Do is less than 0.05, enter the chart at L / D o = 0.05. c. Move horizontally to the line for the value of D o / t calculated above. From this point of intersection, move vertically downward to determine the value of factor A. d. Enter the value for factor A at cell B29 below. (scroll down) Value of factor A = 0.00015

Step 4. Determine factor B a. Using the value of A from step 3, enter the applicable material chart in Section II, Part D, Subpart 3 for the material being considered. The material charts start on page 624. b. Move vertically upward to an intersection with the material/temperature line for the design temperature. If A falls to left of the material/temperature line, skip this step and scroll down to step 6. If A falls past the right end of a material/temperature line, use the horizontal projection of the end of the line as the point of intersection. c. From the point of intersection in step b, move horizontally to the right and read the value for B. Enter this value in cell B41 below. (scroll down) Value of factor B = 2000

Step 5. Maximum allowable external pressure using factor B. Pa = (4B) / 3(Do/t) = 29.63 psi

Step 6. Select modulus of elasticity, E. No factor B. If factor A falls to the left of the material/temperature line, P a is calculated using the modulus of elasticity, E, at the design temperature. Select the modulus of elasticity and enter its value in cell B52 below. E= 2.90E+07

Step 7. Maximum allowable external pressure using modulus of elasticity. Pa = (2AE) / 3(Do / t) = 32.22 psi

Page 12

Stiffening Ring

This worksheet calculates the required moment of inertia for a stiffening ring attached to a cylindrical shell under external pressure. The calculated moment of inertia can be compared to the moment of inertia of a corroded or damaged stiffening ring.The calculation is performed in accordance to ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-29.

Information and reference material needed to perform this calculation include: * ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3 * modulus of elasticity, E, for stiffening ring material at design temperature * outside diameter of shell * shell thickness * distance between lines of support (see ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28(b)) * cross sectional area of existing stiffening ring

Step 1. Enter known values. Shell O.D. Do = 169 Shell thickness t= 0.3125 External pressure P= 15 Modulus of elasticity for material E= 2.45E+07 Cross sectional area of stiffener, As = Ls=

inches inches psi psi

2 2.39 in 40 inches

L s is defined as one half the distance from the stiffener center line to the next line of support above plus one half the distance from the stiffener center line to the next line of support below. (ASME VIII, UG-29)

Step 2. Factor B calculated B= 5107

Step 3. Determine factor A a. Open ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3 to the applicable chart for the stiffener material under consideration. The charts begin on page 624. b. Enter the right hand side of the applicable chart at the value of B determined in step 2 above. c. Move left horizontally to the material/temperature line for the design metal temperature. For values of B falling below the left end of the chart, go to step 5. d. At the point of intersection, move down vertically for the value of A. Enter that value in cell B38 below. Factor A = 0.0004

Step 4. Determine the required moment of inertia. Is=

4 12.15 in

Step 5. Calculated value of factor A for factor B below chart. A= 0.00042

Step 6. Required moment of inertia using A from step 5. Is=

4 12.67 in

Page 13

reinforcement, no element

Reinforcement requirement for openings in shells without reinforcing elements. Reference ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-37. Calculations in this work sheet are valid only for circular openings in cylindrical shells or formed heads (flat heads excluded). See paragraphs UG-36 through UG-43.

Enter values: Design pressure Design temperature Corrosion allowance Allowable stress for nozzle mat'l Sn = Allowable stress for shell mat'l Sv = Correction factor for nozzle orientation, F= required shell thickness tr = Calculated values: strength reduction factor, fr1 = Required nozzle thickness Area available in shell Area available in nozzle projecting outward Area available in nozzle projecting inward A3 = 250 psi 150
O

0 in. 16600 psi 14300 psi

Inside diameter of vessel, Nominal thickness of shell, t = Nominal thickness of nozzle wall, tn = Finished diameter of opening, d= Leg length of outward nozzle weld, li =

60 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in. 11.75 in. 0.375 in.

Shell joint efficiency Nozzle inserted through shell, y or n Nozzle abutting shell, y or n Distance nozzle projects beyond inner wall, h= Leg length of inward nozzle weld, lo =

1 y n

0 0

1 See figure UG-37 for determining the value of F 0.530 in. Obtain the required shell or head thickness for cell B12 from calculations performed using the appropriate worksheet in this program. strength recuction factor, fr2 = Reinforcing area required, A= 2.585 or

1.00 0.089 in. A1 =

1.00
2 6.228 in

A1 =

0.550

Use larger value, A1 =

2.585

A2 =

1.540

or Area available in outward weld, A41 =

A2 =

1.03

Use smaller value, A2 = Area available in inward nozzle weld, A43 =

1.03

0.141

0.000

2 Total available area = 3.752 in Available area is less than area required. Opening is not adequately reinforced. Reinforcing elements must be added or thicknesses must be increased.

Page 14

reinforcement with element

Reinforcement requirement for openings in shells with reinforcing elements. Reference ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-37. Calculations in this work sheet are valid only for circular openings in straight cylindrical shells and formed heads. See paragraphs UG-36 through UG-43.

Enter values: Design pressure Design temperature Corrosion allowance Allowable stress for nozzle mat'l Sn = Allowable stress for shell mat'l Sv = Allowable stress for element mat'l, Sp = Joint efficiency at opening location, E1= Correction factor for nozzle orientation, F= Required shell or head thickness, tr = Calculated values: strength reduction factor, fr1 = Required nozzle thickness 0.089 in. strength reduction factor, fr3 = Reinforcing area required, A= Area available in shell Area available in nozzle projecting outward Area available in nozzle projecting inward A3 = Area in outer element weld A42 = A1 = 1.263 or 1.00 1.00
2 6.228 in

250 psi 700

O

0 in. 16600 psi 14300 psi 14300 psi 0.85

Inside diameter of vessel, Nominal thickness of shell, t = Nominal thickness of nozzle wall, tn = Finished diameter of opening, d= Leg length of outward nozzle weld, li = Thickness or height of element, te =

60 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in. 11.75 in. 0.250 in. 0.500 in.

Shell joint efficiency, E= Nozzle inserted through shell, y or n Nozzle abutting shell, y or n Distance nozzle projects beyond inner wall, h= Leg length of inward nozzle weld, lo = Outside diameter or reinforcing element, Dp =

1 y n

0 0 18.75

Note: E1=1 when opening is in solid plate or in Category B butt weld. Use efficiency obtained from Table UW-12 when opening passes through any other weld.

Leg length of outer element 1 See figure UG-37 for determining the value of F weld, le = Obtain the required shell or head thickness for cell B14 from calculations performed using the appropriate worksheet in this program. 0.53

0.5

strength recuction factor, fr2 = strength recuction factor, fr4 =

1.00 1.00

A1 =

0.269

Use larger value, A1 =

1.263

A2 =

1.540

or Area available in outward nozzle weld, A41 = Area available in element, A5 =

A2 =

1.438

Use smaller value, A2 = Area available in inward nozzle weld, A43 =

1.44

0.063

0.000

0.25

3.000

2 Total available area = 6.013 in Available area is less than area required. Opening is not adequately reinforced. Reinforcing elements must be added or thicknesses must be increased.

Page 15