Bo him tu thy Chng V

Bo him tu thy

I.

Gii thiu chung v bo him tu thy

Tu thy l mt cng trnh k thut ni, c th dch chuyn trn mt nc theo hng nh, c s dng chuyn ch hng ha, hnh khch hoc thc hin mt s nhim v khc ty theo c tnh s dng ca tu. Theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam, tu thy c chia thnh phng tin thy ni a v tu bin. Bo him tu thy l mt trong nhng loi hnh bo him ra i sm nht trong lch s ngnh bo him. Trong qu trnh hot ng, tu thy chu s e da ca nhng ri ro thin tai, tai nn bt ng dn n tn tht ca bn thn con tu. Ngoi ra, hu qu khi xy ra tai nn m va cn gy thit hi cho nhng i tng khc lm pht sinh trch nhim bi thng ca ch tu. Xut pht t nhu cu m bo an ton v mt ti chnh cho cc ch tu, cc cng ty bo him a ra cc iu khon bo him ph hp vi c im hot ng ca tu thy v mang tnh quc t cao. Cc iu khon bo him ny va bo him cho bn thn con tu (bo him thn tu), v bo him cho trch nhim pht sinh khi tu gy thit hi cho ngi th ba do mt ri ro c bo him gy ra (bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu). Hot ng ph tr Anh/ch tm hiu v cu trc cc loi tu thu thng dng Vit Nam - nht l nhng loi tu n v mnh c th khai thc; Tm hiu s lng tu, cch xc nh gi tr hin ti ca Vit 47

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Bo him tu thy con tu, cc tuyn ng hnh thu thng thng v phn tch ri ro phi lng trc lin quan n cc con tu . Tham kho ti liu v tu thu ca Cc ng kim Vit Nam.

II. bo him thn tu bin

1. i tng bo him i tng bo him thn tu bin l ton b con tu bao gm v tu, my mc v cc trang thit b hng hi. Thc cht bo him thn tu chnh l bo him gi tr con tu, bao gm gi tr v tu, my mc v cc trang thit b. Ngoi ra, trong bo him thn tu, cng ty bo him cn m rng bo him cho cc ph chuyn ch, chi ph qun l, iu hnh vi mc trch nhim bo him bng mt t l nht nh trn s tin bo him bn thn con tu. 3. Phm vi bo him Trong bo him thn tu, hin nay cc nc trn th gii p dng cc iu khon tiu chun v bo him thn tu (ITC) do Hc hi bo him Lun n ban hnh, cc b iu khon ny c sa i b sung nhiu ln vo cc nm 1970, 1983, 1995. Vit Nam hin ang p dng ITC1983, ITC 1995. Khi tham gia bo him thn tu, ch tu c th tham gia theo mt trong nhng iu khon sau y : - iu khon bo him thi hn thn tu ITC 01/11/1995 (Institute Time Clause Hull 01/11/1995). - iu khon bo him tiu chun v tn tht ton b ITC TLO 01/11/1995 (ITC Total Loss Only 01/11/1995). - iu khon bo him chin tranh v nh cng 01/11/1995 (Institute War and Strikes Clause 01/11/1995). Trung tm o to Bo Vit 48 C bn bo him phi nhn th

Bo him tu thy - iu khon bo him ri ro ng tu 01/6/1988 (Institute Clause for Builders Risk 01/6/1988). Theo cc iu khon bo him thn tu, cng ty bo him chu trch nhim v nhng tn tht, thit hi, chi ph sau: - Tn tht thit hi gy ra bi: + Cc s c bt ng xy ra trn bin nh chm m, lt, mc cn, m va vi bt k vt g khng k nc. + Ha hon, n. + Cp bo ng (violent theft) bi nhng ngi ngoi tu + Cp bin. + Vt hng xung bin. + Va chm vi cc phng tin chuyn ch b, trang b hay thit b cng + ng t, ni la phun, st nh. + Tai nn khi bc d hoc dch chuyn hng ha, nhin liu - Tn tht , thit hi gy ra bi cc nguyn nhn sau y tr khi l do s thiu mn cn hp l ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi qun l ca h: + N ni hi, gy trc c hoc n t bn trong ca my mc, thn tu. + Bt cn ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th hay hoa tiu. + Bt cn ca ngi sa cha (d vic sa cha c thuc trch nhim bo him hay khng), ngi thu tu vi iu kin nhng ngi ny khng phi l ngi c bo him. + Manh ng ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th. + Va chm vi my bay, my bay trc thng, cc vt tng t hoc cc vt ri ra t . Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 49

Bo him tu thy - Tn tht, thit hi gy ra t quyt nh ca nh chc trch nhm phng, hn ch ri ro nhim hay nguy c nhim vi iu kin l hnh ng ny khng phi l do s thiu mn cn hp l ca ngi c bo him trong vic phng nga, hn ch ri ro hay nguy c nhim. - Trch nhim m va (thng thng cc cng ty bo him chu trch nhim 3/4 trch nhim m va) - Chi ph cu nn v ng gp tn tht chung 4. Khng thuc phm vi bo him Cng ty bo him khng chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht, thit hi hay chi ph pht sinh do cc nguyn nhn sau: - Hnh vi c ca ngi c bo him. - Chm tr. - Tn tht do hao mn t nhin, h hng my mc thng thng khng phi do ri ro c bo him gy ra. - Vi phm cam kt v lai dt. - Vi phm cam kt v bc d hng ngoi bin t mt tu khc hoc sang mt tu khc (tr khi c tha thun khc). - Chin tranh. - nh cng. - Khng b hoc hnh vi ca bt k ngi no v mc ch chnh tr. - Nhim phng x Cu hi rn luyn Cng ty XYZ tham gia bo him thn tu bin ti n v anh/ch. H mun tm hiu phm vi bo him v nghe gii thch v phm vi loi tr. Khi c iu khon, h thc mc v hai quy nh: Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 50

Bo him tu thy + Trong phm vi bo him c bo him cho "Manh ng ca thuyn trng, s quan, thy th". + Trong phm vi loi tr, c quy nh "Hnh vi c ca ngi c bo him". Hy l gii cho khch hng hiu s khc nhau gia hai nhm ri ro ny. Ti sao "manh ng ca thuyn trng, thu th" c th c bo him; cn "hnh vi c ca ngi c bo him" th b loi tr? 5. S tin bo him S tin bo him thn tu c xc nh trn c s gi tr ca con tu vo thi im k kt hp ng bo him, bao gm gi tr v tu, my mc v cc trang thit b hng hi. S tin bo him l s tha thun gia ngi c bo him v cng ty bo him vi iu kin khng vt qu gi tr bo him thn tu. Ngoi ra, hp ng bo him thn tu con m rng vi cc bo him b sung sau : - Chi ph iu hnh, qun l, li kinh doanh vi mc trch nhim khng qu 25% s tin bo him bn thn con tu. - Cc ph chuyn ch, ti a bng 25% s tin bo him bn thn con tu. STBH thn tu = Gi tr bn thn con tu + Cc ph chuyn ch + Chi ph iu hnh

6. Ph bo him Ph bo him thn tu bao gm ph c bn v ph ph - Ph c bn bao gm ph bo him cho tn tht ton b v ph bo him cho tn tht b phn. Ph bo him tn tht ton b da trn c s xc sut tu b tn tht ton b (chm m, mt tch, coi nh mt ton b) xy ra hng nm trn th Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 51

Bo him tu thy gii. Ph bo him tn tht b phn ph thuc nhiu vo yu t ch quan ca hng tu, l: Tnh trng bo dng sa cha tu theo nh k. Trnh chuyn mn ca thuyn trng v thu th on. Kh nng qun l v nghip v kinh doanh ca ch tu. Tnh trng tn tht ca i tu qua cc nm. - Ph ph phn bit theo cc mc sau: Trng ti hoc sc ko ca con tu. Phm vi hot ng ca con tu. Loi tu, gm 5 loi: Tu ch hng kh, hng ng lnh, hnh khch, tu ko, tu khc. Tui tu Phm cp phn loi tu Yu t quan trng cui cng tnh ph bo him thn tu l iu kin bo him (bo him tn tht ton b, bo him tn tht mi ri ro, bo him chin tranh). Nh vy: Ph Ph bo + bo = + him him tn tn tht tht ton b b ph bophn Vic ng ph v hon him : Ph bo him thn tu Ph ph

Ph bo him vi bo him c thi hn (thng l 1 nm) c th c chia ra lm nhiu k v c quy nh trong hp ng bo him. Hon ph bo him trong cc trng hp sau: Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 52

Bo him tu thy Chm dt hp ng theo tho thun, do tu phi bn hoc chuyn quyn khai thc s dng, tu ngng hot ng lu di. Tu ngng hot ng mt thi gian ngn trong thi hn ca hp ng khng sa cha, neo u an ton ti cng trong nc. Tu ngng hot ng sa cha hoc neo u ti cng nc ngoi. T l hon ph c p dng trong 3 trng hp s khc nhau tu s tha thun gia ngi c bo him v cng ty bo him. Ngoi ra s ph hon tr cn ph thuc vo s ngy tu ngng hot ng trong thi hn bo him, t nht phi t c 30 ngy lin tc. S Ph x = ph c hon nm lithng tn tht 6. Bi T l hon x ph S ngy ngng hot ng S ngy trong nm (365)

Quy tc bi thng theo ri ro u tin: S tin bi thng tn tht ca tng t: Tn tht bao nhiu bi thng by nhiu nhng khng vt qu s tin bo him. Tn tht b phn cc t k tip nhau din ra trong thi hn bo him cng li c th ln hn s tin bo him. Trong tai nn m va, cng ty bo him ngoi bi thng tn tht m va cho thn tu nh quy tc ny cn bi thng trch nhim m va. Quy tc p dng mc min thng: Min thng chung p dng cho cc tn tht khi xt bi thng tr tn tht ton b v tn tht b phn do 4 ri ro chnh gy ra (Theo ITC mc min tr l 15% s tin bo him cho tn tht thc t, khng cng cc tn tht ringchung, chi ph t tng, chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng hn ch mt v tai nn t mc min tr). Vit 53

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Bo him tu thy Min thng tn tht gy ra do ri ro ph, n t, bt cn (ITC quy nh l 10% gi tr tn tht thc t sau khi tr phn min tr chung).

Vic ra mc min thng ny nhm rng buc trch nhim ngi c bo him trong vic bo qun s dng con tu hp l, mn cn hn phng hn ch tn tht. Min tr khi tu vi phm quy nh thng bo tn tht. Khi ch tu hoc ngi khai thc c cung cp tin tc v ri ro tn tht m khng thng bo ngay cho cng ty bo him th mc min thng l 15% tn tht thc t c bo him. Cu hi rn luyn- lin h thc t Anh/ch tm hiu cc quy nh ca n v mnh v mc min thng. n v anh/ch c quy nh p dng mc min thng ging nh m t trn khng? Nu khc, hy m t li.

III. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu v Hi bo

him P and I 1. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu 1.1. i tng bo him Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, ch tu hoc ngi thu tu phi chu trch nhim v nhng ri ro tn tht do s dng con tu vo hot ng gy thit hi cho ngi khc. Trch nhim bi thng thit hi cho ngi khc (hoc tu khc) c chuyn cho nh bo him nu ch tu tham gia bo him trch nhim dn s. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu l bo him trch nhim bi thng ca ch tu cho ngi th ba (tu khc hoc ngi khc) khi a tu vo hot ng gy thit hi cho ngi th ba. Trch nhim dn s ch tu pht sinh khi ch tu c li, c thit hi thc t ca ngi th ba v hu qu ca vic vi phm qui nh ca ch tu gy thit hi cho ngi th ba. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 54

Bo him tu thy Theo lut php quc t, trch nhim dn s ch tu (trch nhim bi thng ca ch tu) bao gm trch nhim bi thng cho ngi th ba; trch nhim i vi hng ho chuyn ch v nhng ngi trn tu. - Trch nhim va chm (m va) vi tu khc v cc i tng khc nh m va cu cng, k cng, cc cng trnh c nh. Thit hi ca ngi th ba (tu khc) gm thit hi do h hng hoc chm m tu k c ti sn chuyn ch trn tu; thit hi v kinh doanh, con ngi, nhim du v.vNu tu b m, nhng chi ph thp sng, nh du xc tu b m, chi ph trc vt, chi ph di chuyn hoc ph hu tubo him cng bi thng. Bo him thn tu chu trch nhim v thit hi m va trong phm vi nht nh theo iu kin ca mi nc. Theo thng l, cc nc p dng lut bo him hng hi bi thng trch nhim dn s cho ch tu vi t l 3/4 thit hi m va vi tu khc - Trch nhim i vi hng ho chuyn ch trn tu. Nhng tn tht v hng ho thuc trch nhim dn s ch tu bao gm: hng ho giao thiu s lng bao kin; hng ho h hng do tu khng kh nng i bin, do xp hng khng ng qui nh, hng ho b hp hi, hng h hng do r r t hng ho khc, hng b mt cp khi cn thuc phm vi bo qun ca ch tu v.v... - Trch nhim i vi ngi trn tu Ch tu c trch nhim i vi s quan, thu th, hnh khch trn tu (cng nh i vi ngi th ba) nu tu gy ra tai nn cho h. Trch nhim dn s ch tu l phi bi thng chi ph khm cha bnh, hi hng hoc mai tng v.v 1.2. Phm vi trch nhim bo him

Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th

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Bo

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Bo him tu thy Cng ty bo him nhn bo him phn trch nhim dn s ca ch tu bao gm cc chi ph sau: A. Chi ph thc t pht sinh t tai nn ca tu, thuyn c bo him m ch tu phi gnh chu theo quy inh lut php hoc quyt nh ca ta n. Bao gm: - Chi ph ty ra nhim du, tin pht ca chnh quyn a phng v cc khiu ni v hu qu do nhim du gy ra. - Chi ph thp sng, nh du, ph hy, di chuyn xc tu, thuyn c bo him b m - Chi ph cn thit v hp l trong vic ngn nga v hn ch tn tht, tr gip cu nn - Chi ph lin quan n vic t tng, tranh chp khiu ni v trch nhim dn s. B. Nhng chi ph m ch tu, thuyn phi chu trch nhim bi thng theo lut php i vi: - Thit hi v thn th hoc cc tn tht vt cht i vi thuyn vin trn tu, thuyn c bo him. - Lng v cc khon ph cp lng hoc tr cp ca thy th on trong trng hp tu, thuyn c bo him b tn tht ton b. C. Phn trch nhim m ch tu, thuyn phi gnh chu theo lut php do tu, thuyn c bo him gy ra lm: - Thit hi cu cng, , p, k, cng, b mng, ging y, cng trnh trn b hoc di nc, c nh hoc di ng. - B thng hoc thit hi tnh mng, ti sn ca ngi th ba khc - Mt mt h hng hng ha, ti sn chuyn ch trn tu, thuyn c bo him. Loi tr h hng, mt mt do nhng hnh vi n cp hoc thiu ht t nhin. D. Trch nhim m va Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 56

Bo him tu thy Bao gm chi ph pht sinh t tai nn m va gia tu, thuyn c bo him vi tu, thuyn khc m ch tu, thuyn c trch nhim theo lut php: - Thit hi h hng i vi tu, thuyn khc hay ti sn trn tu thuyn y. - Chm tr hay mt thi gian s dng tu, thuyn khc hay ti sn trn tu, thuyn y. - Tn tht chung, cu nn hay cu h theo hp ng ca tu, thuyn khc hay ti sn trn tu, thuyn y. - Trc vt, di chuyn hoc ph hy xc tu, thuyn y. - Thuyn vin trn tu, thuyn y b cht hoc b thng - Ty ra nhim do tu, thuyn y gy ra. E. M rng phm vi bo him Cng ty bo him cng nhn trch nhim bi thng nhng chi ph m tu, thuyn c bo him chi ra trong trng hp: - Thc hin cc ngha v hay cc bin php cn thit nhm mc ch cu sinh mng trn bin, vi iu kin ngi c bo him (NBH) c ngha v php l i vi cc chi ph v cc chi ph khng th i c t ngi th ba. - Tu, thuyn c bo him m va vi tu, thuyn cng ch hoc cng quyn qun l - Nu NBH c yu cu v np thm ph, Cng ty bo him s nhn trch nhim: + C s thay i v phm vi hot ng, v lai dt, v ngy khi hnh + Xp d hng ha hoc nguyn nhin vt liu ngoi bin sang tu, thuyn khc hoc t tu, thuyn khc sang tu thuyn c bo him. - Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch tu lai, ko (nu c yu cu v np ph bo him b sung) Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 57

Bo him tu thy - Cc tn tht i vi phng tin c lai ko gy ra bi tu c bo him trong qu trnh lai ko, gm: + Thit hi h hng ca phng tin c lai ko + Thit hi v thn th ca thuyn vin v ngi th ba khc trn phng tin c lai ko. + Thit hi, h hng hng ha c chuyn ch trn phng tin c lai ko. Loi tr hng ha thuc s hu ca ch tu lai ko. - Cc tn tht i vi ngi th ba do phng tin c lai ko gy ra trong qu trnh c lai ko bi tu c bo him, bao gm: + B thng hoc thit hi tnh mng, ti sn ca ngi th ba khc. + Thit hi cu cng, p, k cng, b mng, ging y, cng trnh trn b hoc di nc, c nh hoc di ng. + Cc thit hi ca tu thuyn khc do m va vi phng tin c lai ko. 1.3. Khng thuc trch nhim bo him A. Cng ty bo him khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim bi thng nu tn tht xy ra do nhng nguyn nhn sau y: - Tu, thuyn khng kh nng hot ng hoc hot ng ngoi phm vi quy nh - Hnh ng c ca NBH hoc ngi tha hnh nh: Ngi i l, i din hoc thuyn trng, s quan v thy th. - Vi phm lch cm do nh chc trch ban hnh, vi phm nghim trng lut l giao thng hoc hot ng kinh doanh tri php. - Thuyn trng, my trng khng c bng theo quy nh hoc tai nn xy ra do nhng ngi ny say ru, bia, ma ty hoc cc cht kch thch tng t khc. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 58

Bo him tu thy - Tu, thuyn u ti bn, bi khng c neo, ct chc chn hoc thuyn vin trc bo qun b tu, thuyn i vng. B. Cng ty bo him khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim i vi cc chi ph lin quan di y: - Chi ph lin quan n vic chm tr ca tu, thuyn hoc hng ha b gim ga tr thng mi. - Mi s tin c th c bo him theo n bo him thn tu. C. Cng ty bo him khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim bi thng mi h hng mt mt v tn tht lin quan n tin mt, cc loi giy t c gi, kim loi qu, qu, vt gi tr qu him hoc cc ti sn khng cn thit cho mt chuyn i thng thng ca tu, thuyn. D. Cng ty bo him khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim bi thng: - Ri ro chin tranh hoc cc ri ro tng t nh chin tranh - B cp, b bt gi tu, thuyn ti bt c ni no vi bt c l do g. - Tu thuyn c trng dng hoc s dng vo mc ch qun s. - Hnh ng ph hoi hoc khng b c tnh cht chnh tr - Bt c v n ca cc loi v kh hoc cht n no - Ri ro nguyn t. 1.4. Tai nn m va v cch gii quyt Cc ch tu tham gia bo him thn tu (v trch nhim dn s), khi m va vo tu khc hoc vt th khc c bo him bi thng nhng thit hi thuc phm vi bo him (theo cc iu kin bo him). Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 59

Bo him tu thy Thng thng bo him bi thng cho ch tu: - Thit hi vt cht thn tu - Trch nhim dn s ch tu i vi ngi th ba (tu khc hoc vt th khc thuc ngi th ba). Theo lut bo him thn tu, cng ty bo him bi thng cho ch tu phn trch nhim dn s theo t l nht nh (chng hn 3/4). Thit hi do m va vo tu khc c gii quyt bi thng theo hai cch: theo trch nhim cho hoc theo trch nhim n Tnh ton thit hi m va theo trch nhim cho iu kin gii quyt theo trch nhim cho l hai tu c li v cng gy thit hi ln nhau. Phng php trch nhim cho l phng php gii quyt trch nhim bi thng ca ch tu ny cho ch tu khc v ngc li theo mc li v gi tr thit hi do m va. Cch thc xc nh s tin bo him phi bi thng nh sau: Xc nh thit hi (ton b) ca mi ch tu: - Thit hi thc t ca bn thn tu gm thit hi thn tu, hng ho, kinh doanh - Thit hi bi thng trch nhim cho tu khc. Mc thc t bi thng = ca ch tu x bn thn tu khc Xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca bo him. Bo him chu trch nhim: - Bi thng thit hi vt cht thn tu, - Bi thng phn trch nhim (bi thng) cho tu kia theo t l qui nh. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 60 T l li Thit hi

Bo him tu thy Bo him thu hi (i li) phn thn tu m tu khc bi thng: Mc thn tu i li thn tu Thc t bo him bi thng y l phn chnh lch gia trch nhim bi thng vi s thu hi (i li). Cng vi vic xc nh s tin bo him thc t bi thng cho ch tu, cn xc nh thit hi cc ch tu (tc s tin khng c bi thng do li ca mnh). Tnh ton thit hi m va theo trch nhim n Trn c s nhng tnh ton thit hi do m va gia hai tu gy ra, ngi ta xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca tu ny cho tu khc v ngc li. Nu tu no c trch nhim bi thng nhiu hn s phi bi thng cho tu kia, mc bi thng bng phn chnh lch gia mc trch nhim bi thng ca tu ny cho tu kia vi mc trch nhim bi thng ca tu kia cho tu ny. Phng php ny c gi l phng php bi thng theo trch nhim n. Trn thc t, s dng phng php no l tu vo trng hp tai nn v iu kin bo him c th. V d: Gi s hai tu thu c bo him thn tu v trch nhim dn s ch tu hai cng ty va quyt nhau. Tu A, thn tu h hng d tnh phi sa cha ht 40 triu ng, thit hi hng ho 24 triu ng. Tu B, thn tu h hng d tnh sa cha ht 20 triu ng, thit hi hng ho ca ch tu bng 62,5% thit hi hng ho ca ch tu A. Theo gim nh, tu A li 40%, tu B li 60%. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 61 = S tin tu khc bi thng (trch nhim) x Thit hi thc t ca bn Thit hi vt cht

Bo him tu thy Yu cu: Xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca cc cng ty bo him cho cc ch tu theo cc phng php nu trn y, vi gi thit bo him bi thng trch nhim dn s (va chm) theo t l 3/4 trch nhim ca ch tu. Theo yu cu, vic xc nh trch nhim bi thng bo him theo 2 phng php nh sau: 1. Gii quyt bi thng theo trch nhim cho Trnh t gii quyt nh sau: 1.1 Xc nh tng s thit hi (n v triu ng)

Din gii * Thit hi bn thn tu - Thit hi vt cht thn tu

Tu A

Tu B

40,0 24,0

20,0

24 x 62,5% = - Thit hi hng ho 35 x 40% = 15,0 * Thit hi do bi thng 14,0 64 x 60% = cho tu kia 38,4 Tng s thit hi 78,0 73,4

1.2. Trch nhim bi thng ca cc cng ty bo him (n v triu ng) S tin mi cng ty bo him bi thng cho ch tu ng k bo him ti cng ty (hoc thay mt ch tu bi thng cho tu kia) c xc nh theo bng sau:

Din gii Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th

Tu A to

Tu B Bo Vit 62

Bo him tu thy

tu nhim ng

Thit hi thn

40,0 3/4

20,0 = 38,4 x 3/4 = 28,8 48,8

14 x Bi thng trch 10,5

Tng s phi bi th-

50,5

1.3. Cc cng ty bo him i li phn thn tu m tu kia bi thng trong phn trch nhim (n v triu ng) * i tu A : * i tu B: (38,4 x 40/64) = 24 ( 14 x 20/35) = 8

1.4. Thc t cc cng ty bo him bi thng: * Cng ty bo him A: 50,5 24 = 26,5 * Cng ty bo him B: 48,8 -8 = 40,8 Vic cui cng l kim tra li kt qu tnh ton, cn xc nh thit hi mi ch tu khng c bi thng do li ca mi ch tu gy ra. Thit hi khng c bi thng trong trng hp ny thng c xc nh nh sau: Thit hi Khng c bi thng Bi thng nhim = hi Tng s thit Thc t c bo Tu kia + trch

him bi thng

* Ch tu A thit hi khng c bi thng: 78,0 ( 26,5 + 15) = 13,1 Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 63

Bo him tu thy * Ch tu B thit hi khng c bi thng: 73,4 ( 40,8 + 14) = 18,6 Trn c s s tin bo him bi thng cho cc ch tu, s thit hi cc ch tu khng c bi thng, c th kim tra li chnh xc ca kt qu tnh c. Nu tng s bi thng v khng c bi thng bng tng s tn tht ca bn thn cc ch tu th kt qu l chnh xc. Theo v d trn: Thc t cc cng ty bo him cc bi thng 67,3 + c bi thng 31,7 ch tu = 64 +35 = 99 ( 26,5 + 40,8) + ( 13,1 + 18,6 ) Thit hi cc + ch tu khng Thit hi ca = bn thn

2. Gii quyt bi thng theo trch nhim n Nh phn trn trnh by, mun xc nh thit hi ca bn thn mi ch tu, phi cn c vo t l li ca mi ch tu trong v tai nn m bin bn gim nh xc nhn tnh mc trch nhim m tu ny phi bi thng cho tu kia v ngc li. Theo kt qu tnh ton, tu A phi bi thng trch nhim cho tu B l 14 triu ng, tu B bi thng cho tu A l 38,4 triu ng. Theo gii hn trch nhim n, tu B phi chuyn bi thng cho tu A l: 38,4 14 = 24,4 triu ng. Trn c s c th lp bng nh sau: n v: Triu ng Ch tu A Din gii Thu Chi Bo him Ch tu Bo tu A B tu B Thu Chi Th to Chi Thu Bo him

Chi Vit 64

Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th

Bo him tu thy u 1.Thit hi thn tu bn 64 35

2. Bo him tu A 40 bi thng thn tu cho tu A

40

3. Tu B bi thng 24,4 trch nhim cho tu A

24, 4

4. Bo him tu B bi thng thn tu cho tu B

20

20

5. Bo him tu A i li phn thn tu m tu B bi thng

15,2 15,2 5 5

6. Bo him tu B bi thng trch nhim cho tu B

18, 3

18,3

Tng

64,4 79,2 15,2 40 5 5

38, 59, 0 3 4

38,3

Nh vy: Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th

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Vit 65

Bo him tu thy Bo him tu A phi bi thng cho tu A l: 24,75 triu ng ( 40 15,25). Bo him tu B phi bi thng cho tu B l: 38,30 triu ng. Thit hi khng c bi thng ca tu A l 14,85 triu ng (79,25 - 64,4) Thit hi khng c bi thng ca tu B l 21,10 triu ng (59,4 38,3) Tng : 99,0 Triu ng (ng bng tng s thit hi ca bn thn cc ch tu (64 + 35). Trong thc t, bo him thn tu v trch nhim dn s ch tu c nhiu v tai nn khc nhau, nhiu trng hp pht sinh trch nhim dn s ch tu.V vy, tu trng hp tai nn, theo cc iu kin bo him m xem xt vn dng phng php gii quyt bi thng thch hp. Cu hi rn luyn - lin h thc t Cng ty bo him m anh/ch ang lm vic c cung cp dch v bo him "P and I" khng? Hy tm hiu v cho bit th tc gii quyt quyn li bo him P and I ca cng ty mnh nh th no? 1.5. Th tc gii quyt quyn li bo him - Th khiu ni i bi thng ca NBH - Giy chng nhn bo him - Khng ngh hng hi, bo co tai nn hoc tn tht c xc nhn ca chnh quyn ni xy ra tai nn. - Bin bn gim nh ca Cng ty bo him - Giy chng nhn mt tu, thuyn ang hnh trnh Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 66

Bo him tu thy - Bin bn tai nn do chnh quyn a phng hoc cng an lp - Ha n, chng c lin quan n nhng chi ph i bi thng - Th khiu ni v ton b ti liu, chng t lin quan n ngi th ba, - Nhng chng t c lin quan khc. 2. Hi bo him P and I Hi bo tr v bi thng trch nhim dn s ca ch tu. 2.1. Ngun gc ra i ca hi bo him P and I Cc hi bo him P and I u tin c hnh thnh nc Anh, nc c coi l c ngnh bo him pht trin sm nht th gii. Vic hnh thnh nn cc t chc bo him P&I bt ngun t nhng l do kinh t x hi thuc mt giai on lch s nht nh. Vo u th k th XVIII, nc Anh, do s st gi bt ng ca th trng chng khon, nhiu hng kinh doanh trong c cc cng ty bo him loi va v nh b vong gia bi sn. Trc tnh hnh ngh vin Anh thng qua mt o lut nghim khc ch cho php hng Lloyds v mt s cng ty bo him c ln c php hot ng. Thc t vic kinh doanh bo him hng hi l do hng Lloyds c quyn v ng nhin hng ny khng b l c hi thu ph bo him c quyn cao. Nhm chng li s c quyn ny, cc ch tu tp hp nhau li hnh thnh nn cc hi tng h t bo him ln cho nhau v thn tu. Nhng hi ny l tin thn ca nhng hi P and I ngy nay. Tnh n nm 1810 c hn 20 hi tng h thn tu c thnh lp. Phn ln cc hi tng h ny tp trung London tr hi ng Bc v hi min Ty nc Anh. Cc hi ny hot ng khng nhm mc ch kinh doanh kim li nn thc t

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Bo him tu thy lm chi ph bo him h thp hn rt nhiu so vi ph c quyn. Nm 1824, Ngh vin Anh xo b o lut c quyn nn th trng bo him hng hi li t do cnh tranh. S cnh tranh trong th trng bo him chm dt giai on ph c quyn v v th cc hi tng h thn tu khng cn thit phi tn ti na. Gia nhng nm 50 ca th k XIX, trnh nguy c tan r, mt s hi bo him tng h thn tu chuyn sang bo him cho nhng ri ro m nh bo him thn tu khng nhn bo him. Thi gian u Hi ch bo him hai loi ri ro chnh, l: - Ri ro trch nhim m va: Bo him 1/4 trch nhim m va cn li do cc nh bo him thn tu khng chu trch nhim - Ri ro trch nhim ca ch tu i vi cht chc, thng tt ca hnh khch v s quan thu th trn tu. Nm 1855, hai hi bo tr ch tu u tin c thnh lp bo him 1/4 trch nhim m va v 100% trch nhim i vi cht, thng tt l hi Britanis Steamship Insurance Association v West of England. Tip hi North of England c thnh lp vo nm 1860 v hu ht cc hi khc c thnh lp vo cui th k XIX u th k XX, hi bo him bo tr v bi thng trch nhim dn s ca ch tu tr thnh b phn quan trng trn th trng bo him hng hi Anh Quc. Thi gian u cc hi bo him ny ch ginh ring phc v cho cc ch tu ngi Anh. Sau do nhu cu bo him nhng ri ro ny ngy mt tng, cc hi bo him ny m rng phm vi ca mnh cho cc ch tu nuc ngoi. Hin nay, trn th gii c 5 nc c cc hi P and I l nc Anh, Nauy, Thu in, M, Nht. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 68

Bo him tu thy 2.2. T chc v qun l ca Hi Hi bo him P and I l mt php nhn c t chc di hnh thc mt cng ty hu hn hoc mt cng ty t hp. Mi hi thng c t 100 n 200 hi vin l cc ch tu ca trn di 100 nc trn th gii. C quan quyn lc cao nht ca hi l hi ng gim c (Board of Directors). Tt c cc th l, chnh sch, vic gii quyt bi thng u do hi ng gim c quyt nh. C quan thng trc gii quyt cng vic hng ngy gip hi ng gim c cc hi c th t chc theo mt trong hai hnh thc sau: - ng u ban gim c l mt ch tch v mt ph ch tch gip vic. Ban gim c do hi ng gim c bu ra v thng bao gm nhng ch tu c i thng thuyn ln nht trong hi. - Ban qun l do hi ng ng ra thu mn tuyn dng nhng ngi c nng lc lm vic. H bao gm nhng lut s hoc nhng chuyn gia trong lnh vc hng ho. ng u ban qun l cng l mt ch tch v mt s ph ch tch gip vic. Hi ng gim c c th giao trch nhim, u quyn trong mt gii hn nht nh cho ban gim c hoc ban qun l gii quyt nhng cng vic pht sinh hng ngy ca hi. Ngoi ra mi hi cn s dng mt mng li cc i din ca mnh cc nc. Nhng ngi lm i din cho hi thng l nhng lut s am hiu lut l a phng v lut quc t, c nghip v chuyn mn vng vng, sn sng gip ban qun l v ban gim c khi xy ra s c. Hi thng s dng hai loi i din l i din php l v i din thng mi. 2.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca Hi Nguyn tc c bn bao trm hot ng ca hi l nguyn tc tng h nhm cn bng cc khon thu, chi ca hi. Theo nguyn tc ny mi khon chi tiu nh bi thng tn tht, chi Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 69

Bo him tu thy ph qun l v chi tiu khc ca hi u do tt c cc thnh vin ca hi ng gp. Hot ng ca hi khng nhm mc ch kinh doanh kim li t cc hi vin. Nh vy mi hi vin trong hi u l cng ty bo him v ng thi l ngi c bo him. Mt khc tnh tng h cn biu hin s gip ca hi i vi cc thnh vin trong vic gii quyt tranh chp kin tng, cp bo lnh gii thot tu b bt gi, cung cp thng tin o to bi dng cn b nghip v. 2.4. S khc nhau c bn gia Hi bo him P and I vi cc cng ty bo him khc. Hi bo him P and I do cc ch tu thnh vin lp ra t bo him cho mnh. So vi cc cng ty bo him thng mi c t chc di hnh thc khc, hi bo him P and I c nhng im khc nhau c bn l: - Hi l t chc bo him trong hi vin va l thnh vin ca cng ty bo him va l ngi c bo him. - Ph bo him ca hi l loi ph c bit, khng xc nh theo mt t l hoc mt mc ph c nh. - Mc ch hot ng ca hi l phc v, gip cc ch tu thnh vin m bo kinh doanh. Hot ng ca hi khng nhm mc ch tm kim li nhun trong vic cung cp dch v bo him cho cc hi vin. Nguyn tc hot ng ca hi l tng h trn c s cn bng thu chi ca tng nm nghip v. - Khc vi cc Cng ty bo him thng mi truyn thng, hi l t chc in hnh ca vic cung cp bo him khng gii hn. - im khc nhau quan trng th hin tnh hn hn ca hi so vi cc cng ty kinh doanh bo him l hi khng ch nhn bo him m cn phc v, gip cc ch tu mt cch tch cc. Cc hnh thc phc v gip cc ch tu ca hi ngy cng phong ph.

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Bo him tu thy Cu hi rn luyn - lin h thc t Tm hiu v cng ty. Cng ty anh/ch ang cng tc tham gia Hi P and I no?

IV. Bo him thn tu, thuyn hot ng trn sng h, vng ni thu v lnh hi Vit Nam (tU SNG, TU C) 1. i tng bo him, gii hn trch nhim bo him 1.1. i tng bo him i tng bo him chnh l thn tu, thuyn, bao gm v tu, my mc v cc trang thit b hng hi nhng b phn khng th tch ri ca mt con tu nhm m bo cho tu, thuyn hot ng bnh thng trrn sng, h, vng ni thu v lnh hi quc gia. Khi nim tu, thuyn y bao gm cc thit b t hnh hoc khng t hnh dng chuyn ch hng ho, hnh khch, nguyn vt liu hoc chuyn dng lai dt. Tu, thuyn ch c th c bo him khi m bo c cc yu cu v mt k thut v php l. Giy chng nhn kh nng i bin, giy chng nhn cp tu ca ng kim, giy php hot ng kinh doanh, bin bn kim tra tu khi giao nhn Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 71

Bo him tu thy tu hoc bin bn kim tra tng phn ca ng kim l cc loi giy t cn thit phi c khi ch tu, thuyn yu cu bo him. 1.2. Gii hn trch nhim bo him Gii hn trch nhim ca cng ty bo him c xc nh theo gi tr bo him. Gi tr bo him thn tu, thuyn c tnh theo c tnh cn c vo gi tr thc t ca v, my mc v cc trang thit b hng hi ca tu, thuyn do ngi c bo him khai bo v ngi bo him chp nhn. C th cn c ghi trn ti sn c nh hoc gi c th trng ca tu, thuyn xc nh gi tr bo him. S tin bo him ca hp ng bo him c th thp hn hoc bng gi tr bo him. Cng c th c hin tng bo him trn gi tr m ngi bo him thng c nhng bin php x l thch ng loi tr nhng hu qu bt li. 2. Phm vi bo him v cc trng hp loi tr. Ri ro, tn tht lin quan ti tu, thuyn c th pht sinh di nhiu hnh thc. Tng t nh i vi nghip v bo him thn tu bin, k thut bo him xp chng vo cc loi: thng thng c bo him; c bo him theo iu kin bo him ring v loi tr tuyt i. Trn c s m bo cc yu cu c bn v k thut v php l ca hot ng kinh doanh bo him, cng ty bo him thng a ra cc loi iu kin bo him vi phm vi bo him rng hp khc nhau khch hng la chn. Sau y l nhng iu kin bo him thn tu trong khun kh Quy tc bo him thn tu, bo him ri ro chin tranh v bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu i vi tu hot ng trn vng bin v cc vng nc lin quan n bin Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 31/01/2005 ca Bo Vit (QTTT/BV-2005) Theo quy tc ny, ngi c bo him c th tham gia bo him thn tu theo mt trong hai iu kin A hoc B kt hp vi iu kin bo him ri ro nhim. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 72

Bo him tu thy iu kin bo him A Vi iu kin ny Bo Vit nhn trch nhim bi thng: 1. Tn tht ton b hay tn tht b phn xy ra i vi thn tu, thuyn c bo him l hu qu do nhng nguyn nhn trc tip sau gy ra: - Tn tht do m va vi tu, thuyn, my bay, phng tin vn chuyn trn b hoc di nc. - m, mc cn, m va vo , vt th ngm hoc ni, tri hoc c nh, cu, ph, , cng trnh , p, k, cu cng. - Chy n ngay trn thuyn hoc chy n ni khc gy tn tht cho tu, thuyn. - Vt b ti sn khi tu, thuyn trong trng hp cn thit v hp l. - Mt tch. - ng t, st l,ni la phun. - Bo t, sng thn, gi lc, ma hay st nh. - Tai nn xy ra trong lc xp d, di chuyn sn phm thu sn (i vi tu c), hng ho, nguyn, nhin, vt liu khi tu thuyn ang neo u, ln , sa cha xng. - N ni hi, gy trc c hoc h hng do khuyt tt ngm gy ra vi iu kin kim tra gim nh bnh thng khng th pht hin c. - S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thu th, hoa tiu hoc ca ngi sa cha vi iu kin ngi sa cha khng phi l ngi c bo him. 2. Nhng chi ph cn thit v hp l trong vic: - Hn ch tn tht, gip hay cu h hoc chi ph t tng c Bo Vit ng trc.

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Bo him tu thy + Kim tra, gim nh h hi, tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him. + ng gp chi ph tn tht chung + Kim tra y tu, thuyn sau khi mc cn k c trng hp khng pht hin c tn tht. iu kin bo him B 1. Bi thng tn tht ton b (thc t hoc c tnh) xy ra i vi thn tu, thuyn c bo him l hu qu do nhng nguyn nhn trc tip sau gy ra: - Tn tht do m va vi tu, thuyn, my bay, phng tin vn chuyn trn b hoc di nc. - m, mc cn, m va vo , vt th ngm hoc ni, tri hoc c nh, cu, ph, , cng trnh , p, k, cu cng. - Chy n ngay trn thuyn hoc chy n ni khc gy tn tht cho tu. - Mt tch. - ng t, st l,ni la phun. - Bo t, sng thn, gi lc, ma hay st nh. - Tai nn xy ra trong lc xp d, di chuyn hng ha, nguyn nhin vt liu hoc khi tu thuyn ang neo u, ln , sa cha xng. - S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thu th, hoa tiu hoc ca ngi sa cha vi iu kin ngi sa cha khng phi l Ngi c bo him. 2. Nhng khon chi ph hp l m ch tu, thuyn phi gnh chu tin hnh cc bin php cp thit nhm hn ch n mc thp nht i vi cc tn tht c th dn n khiu ni i bi thng theo iu khon ny. Ri ro nhim Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 74

Bo him tu thy Tu, thuyn c bo him theo iu kin A hoc B cn c bo him c tn tht ca tu gy ra t quyt nh ca c quan Nh nc c thm quyn nhm phng nga hoc hn ch nguy c hoc ri ro nhim. Vi iu kin: - Tn hi ca tu, thuyn thuc trch nhim bo him c quy nh iu kin A hoc B. - Hnh ng ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn nhm phng nga hn ch nguy c hoc ri nhim khng phi l do thiu mn cn hp l ca ngi c bo him, ch tu, thuyn hay ngi qun l tu, thuyn trong vic phng nga hoc hn ch nguy c hoc ri ro nhim. M rng phm vi bo him Bo Vit cng nhn bi thng tn tht i vi tu, thuyn c bo him xy ra trong trng hp: - Lai ko v tr gip tu, thuyn khc khi gp nn. Nhng h hng mt mt v tn tht vt cht xy ra trong thi gian ny ch thuc trch nhim bo him phn chi ph sa cha m Ngi c bo him khng thu hi c y do bn pha c cu gip thc s khng kh nng hon tr. - Tu thuyn c bo him m va vi tu, thuyn cng ch hoc cng thuc quyn qun l hoc c nhng tu, thuyn nh vy cu h. Vi iu kin Ngi c bo him phi tho thun trc v np thm ph bo him theo yu cu ca Bo Vit, Bo Vit nhn bo him c trong trng hp c s thay i v phm vi hot ng, lai dt, v ngy khi hnh (trng hp bo him chuyn). 2.2. Khng thuc phm vi bo him * Bo Vit khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim bi thng nu tn tht xy ra do nhng nguyn nhn sau: - Tu, thuyn khng kh nng hot ng, khng c giy php hot ng hoc hot ng ngoi phm vi quy nh. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 75

Bo him tu thy - Hnh ng c hoc qu cu th ca Ngi c bo him hoc tha hnh nh: ngi i l, i din hoc thuyn trng, s quan, thu th - Vi phm lnh cm do nh chc trch ban hnh, vi phm nghim trng lut l giao thng hoc hot ng kinh doanh tri php. - Do v, my mc hoc trang thit b ca tu, thuyn qu c k hay hao mn t nhin. - Tu, thuyn b mc cn bi nh hng ca thu triu hoc con nc ln xung trong lc ang neo u. - Thuyn trng, my trng khng c bng theo quy nh hoc tai nn xy ra do nhng ngi ny say ruu, bia, ma ty hoc cc cht kch thch tng t khc. - Tu, thuyn neo u ti cng hoc cc vng nc c php neo u m khng c neo ng quy nh hoc thuyn vin trc khng c mt ti v tr trc ti thi im xy ra s c. * Bo Vit khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim i vi nhng chi ph c lin quan di y, d nhng chi ph do nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra: - Chi ph lin quan n vic chm tr ca tu, thuyn, hng ho b gim gi tr hoc chi ph lin quan n sn xut kinh doanh ca tu, thuyn c bo him. - Mi chi ph lin quan v: + Co h, g r, sn ln hoc y tu, thuyn (khng bao gm chi ph lm sch b mt v sn phn tn thay th thuc trch nhim bo him). + Lng v cc khon ph cp lng hoc tr cp ca thu th on, tr trng hp tn tht chung + a tu, thuyn n ni sa cha, tr trng hp vic a tu, thuyn n ni sa cha l theo yu cu (bng vn bn) ca Bo Vit. Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 76

Bo him tu thy + Cng tc ph, cc chi ph lin quan ca ngi c bo him hoc ca ngi c Ngi c bo him u quyn b ra thu thp h s khiu ni hay gii quyt s c, tr nhng chi ph c bo him trong iu kin A v B + Tin cc vn chuyn hoc tin cho thu tu. - Chi ph sa cha, thay th cho chnh b phn thn tu, my mc hoc ni hi hoc trc c b khuyt t ngm. * Bo Vit khng nhn bo him v khng chu trch nhim bi thng mi h hng, mt mt v tn tht lin quan n tin mt, cc loi giy t c gi tr, kim loi qu. qu, vt gi tr qu him hoc cc ti sn khng cn thit cho mt chuyn i thng thng ca tu. * Tr khi c tho thun khc bng vn bn, Bo Vit khng chu trch nhim bi thng mi h hng, mt mt v tn tht hoc nhng chi ph pht sinh do: - Ri ro chin tranh hoc nhng ri ro tng t chin tranh. - B cp, b bt gi tu, thuyn ti bt c ni no v bt c l do g. - Tu c trng dng hoc s dng vo mc ch qun s. - Hnh ng ph hoi hoc khng b c tnh cht chnh tr. - Bt c v n ca cc loi v kh hoc cht n no. - Ri ro nguyn t.

3. Thi hn bo him Hiu lc hp ng ca bo him thn tu, thuyn ph thuc vo bo him theo thi hn hoc bo him chuyn.

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Bo him tu thy Bo him theo thi hn c thi hn n nh (t 3 n 12 thng). Hiu lc bo him bt u v kt thc theo thi gian ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him. Bo him chuyn: Chuyn i c bo him k t lc tu thuyn tho d dy chng ct hoc nh neo bt u chuyn i v chm dt hic lc sau 24 gi k t khi th neo hoc c ct vo b ni n ghi trong n bo him hoc Giy sa i b sung (nu c), nhng trong mi trng hp khng qu 01 (mt) thng. 4. Ph bo him Ph bo him c tnh bng t l ph (%) nhn vi S tin bo him. T l ph c bn c nh cho thi hn 01 nm hp ng, cho tng loi tu thuyn theo tng khu vc v theo iu kin bo him. Cng vi t l ph c bn l t l ph tng thm cho nhng tu thuyn nhiu tui (thng l trn 4 tui). T l ph cng c iu chnh tho tnh hnh tn tht hng nm ca cc i tu tham gia bo him. Trng hp tu, thuyn ngng hot ng sa cha ti hoc ti cng hay a im an ton trong thi gian tng i di (30 ngy lin tc tr ln) ngi bo him s hon li mt phn ph bo him np (khong 50%) tng ng vi thi gian tu, thuyn ngng hot ng 5. Gim nh v bi thng tn tht Khi nhn c thng bo v tn tht v giy yu cu gim nh t pha ngi c bo him, cng ty bo him s tin hnh gim nh ti ch vi s c mt ca thuyn trng, i din ca ch tu v nhng nhn chng lin quan xc nh r nguyn nhn, mc tn tht c s cho vic xc nh trch nhim ca cng ty bo him trong vic bi thng. H s khiu ni bi thng phi bao gm nhng ti liu sau y: Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 78

Bo him tu thy Th khiu ni i bi thng ca Ngi c bo him. n bo him Khng ngh hng hi Bin bn gim nh ca cng ty bo him hoc ngi c cng ty bo him y quyn Giy chng nhn xa ng k tu bin do Cc Hang hi Vit Nam cp (trng hp tu b mt tch hoc tn tht ton b). Bin bn tai nn do chnh quyn a phng hoc cng an lp (trng hp lin quan n ngi th ba). Ho n, chng t lin quan n nhng chi ph i bi thng. Th khiu ni v ton b chng t lin quan n ngi th ba (nu c) Nhng chng t c lin quan khc (trch sao nht k hng hi, nht k my, nht k thi tit, cc giy t ng kim hay cc giy t khc theo quy nh ca Nh nc v php lut ty theo tng trng hp c th). Vic xc nh s tin phi cn c vo: Loi tn tht pht sinh (tn tht ton b thc t v c tnh, tn tht b phn), bo him di, bng hoc trn gi tr, v cc loi quy tc bi thng. Bo him thn tu, thuyn theo quy tc ni trn ang s dng cc loi quy tc sau: Bi thng theo t l gia S tin bo him v Gi tr bo him i vi trng hp bo him di gi tr. p dng mc khu tr i vi mi v tn tht Mc khu tr ny c ghi trn Giy chng nhn bo him ca tu (khng p dng khi bi thng tn tht ton b) Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 79

Bo him tu thy Trng hp xy ra tn tht m nguyn nhn gy ra c quy mt phn hoc ton b do s xut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thu th ngi c bo him t gnh chu thm mt khon tng ng 10% thit hi so s sut gy ra. Ngoi ra cn c th c nhng quy nh khc chi phi vic bi thng nh l quy nh thng bo v gi c v ni sa cha tu ca ngi c bo him; quy nh v trch nhim ca ngi c bo him trong vic bo lu, chuyn quyn khiu ni i vi ngi th ba cho ngi bo him Vi phm nhng quy nh ny s tin bi thng s b gim. S tin bo him ghi trn Giy chng nhn bo him l gii hn trch nhim bi thng ca ngi bo him cho mi v tn tht.

Cu hi v bi tp n tp A,L thuyt: I. Cu hi lp lun Cu 1: Gii thch khi nim trch nhim dn s ch tu bin v bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch tu bin? Cu 2: Nhng im khc bit c bn gia hi bo him P and I v cc cng ty bo him thng mi truyn thng? Cu 3: i tng bo him ca bo him thn tu bin? Cu 4: Cc ri ro c bo him v ri ro loi tr trong bo him thn tu bin? Cu 5: Tai nn m va trong bo him thn tu bin? Gii hn trch nhim bi thng ca bo him thn tu trong trch nhim m va ? Cu 6 : Cch xc nh S tin bo him thn tu bin? Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 80

Bo him tu thy Cu 7 : Cch xc nh ph bo him thn tu bin ? Cu 8: i tng ca Bo him thn tu, thuyn hot ng trn sng h, vng ni thu v lnh hi Vit Nam? Cu 9: Phm vi bo him ca Bo him thn tu, thuyn hot ng trn sng h, vng ni thu v lnh hi Vit Nam? Cu 10: Gi tr bo him v s tin bo him trong Bo him thn tu, thuyn hot ng trn sng h, vng ni thu v lnh hi Vit Nam? II. Cu hi ng sai: Hc vin ch cn chn mt trong hai phng n ng hoc sai, nh du trn vo phng n chn. 1. Hi vin trong hi bo him P&I va l ngi bo him va l ngi c bo him 2. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu l bo him trch nhim bi thng ca ch tu cho ngi th ba, khi a tu vo hot ng v c li gy ra thit hi cho ngi th ba. 3. Hi bo him P&I nhm mc ch tm kim li nhun trong vic cung cp dch v bo him cho cc hi vin 4. Cc hi bo him P&I u tin c hnh thnh Anh quc. /s: 1; 2; 3S, 4 III. Cu hi la chn(Hc vin ch cn chn mt phng n thch hp nht, khoanh trn vo phng n chn) 1. Cc hi bo him P and I u tin c hnh thnh u: a. Nc H Lan b. Nc Anh Trung tm o C bn bo him phi nhn th to Bo Vit 81 S S

Bo him tu thy c. Nc c d. Nc Na uy 2. Nguyn tc c bn bao trm hot ng ca hi bo him P and I l: a. Nguyn tc kinh doanh v li nhun b. Nguyn tc tng h nhm cn bng cc khon thu chi ca hi khng v mc ch li nhun. c. Nguyn tc chuyn giao ri ro d. C ba cu trn u sai 3. i vi ri ro trch nhim m va gia tu vi tu, cc ch tu Vit Nam c Bo Vit bo him a. 1/4 trch nhim m va b. 2/4 trch nhim m va c. 3/4 trch nhim m va d. 4/4 trch nhim m va 4. Hi vin trong hi bo him P and I l : a. Cng ty bo him b. Ngi c bo him c. C 2 cu a v b u ng d. C 2 cu a v ba u sai /s: 1b; 2b; 3d; 4c

B, Bi tp: Bi tp 1

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Bo him tu thy Hai tu thu A v B ln lt lt tham gia bo him thn tu v trch nhim dn s ch tu hai cng ty bo him X v Y va qut nhau. Tu A, thn tu h hng d tnh phi sa cha ht 60 triu ng, thit hi hng ho 40 triu ng. Tu B, thn tu h hng phi sa cha ht 80 triu ng. Theo gim nh, tu A li 60%, tu B li 40%. Yu cu: Xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca cng ty bo him X v Y cho cc ch tu, vi gi thit 2 cng ty bo him X v Y bi thng trch nhim m va theo t l 3/4. s: Cng ty X bi thng 72 triu ng; Cng ty Y bi thng 62 triu ng Bi tp 2 Hai tu thu A v B c bo him thn tu ti hai cng ty bo him va qut nhau. Tu A h hng phi sa cha ht 400 tr, thit hi hng ho 80 tr. Tu B h hng phi sa cha ht 300 tr, thit hi hng ho 50 tr. Theo kt qu gim nh tu A li 40%, tu B li 60%. Yu cu: Xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca cc cng ty bo him cho cc ch tu, bit rng cc cng ty bo him bi thng 3/4 trch nhim m va. S: Cng ty bo him tu A: 265 tr Cng ty bo him tu B: 396 tr

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Bo him tu thy

Ti liu tham kho 1, Cc Quy tc bo him tu thu ca Bo Vit (Bo Vit Vit Nam) 2, Cng vn hng dn nghip v. 3, Ti liu tham kho v bo him P and I. 4, S tay khai thc bo him tu thu (Bo Vit) 5, Ti liu v k thut tu thu v cc ri ro thng gp ca tu thu - Cc ng kim Vit Nam. 6, Cc iu khon bo him thn tu khc: + iu khon bo him thi hn thn tu ITC 01/11/1995 (Institute Time Clause Hull 01/11/1995). + iu khon bo him tiu chun v tn tht ton b ITC TLO 01/11/1995 (ITC Total Loss Only 01/11/1995). + iu khon bo him chin tranh v nh cng 01/11/1995 (Institute War and Strikes Clause 01/11/1995). + iu khon bo him ri ro ng tu 01/6/1988 (Institute Clause for Builders Risk 01/6/1988).

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