CE 42: Building Design 2

Lesson 2: Structural Plans and Details, including Stairs and Slab

Seatwork
1. Using the Volume Method find the required number of Cement bags, volume of sand and volume of gravel for: 100 pcs. of Plinth Footing Use Class A Mixture.

Metal Reinforcement/Steel Bars

Most widely used reinforcing materials for almost all types of concrete construction An excellent partner of concrete in resisting both tension and compression stresses. Steel is ten times stronger than concrete in resisting compression and hundred times stronger in tensile strength Estimate on the number of pieces is determined by Direct Counting.

Bar Splice, Hook and Bend

Splice or overlapping are provided between two adjacent bars in order to maintain the required continuity of stress in the splice zone. Hooks and bends are special anchorages if the length is in adequate for full development.

Type of Metal Reinforcement

A. Foundation or Footing reinforcements
1. Footing Slab reinforcement for small and medium size footings. 2. Dowels, cut bars, anchor and bend bars. 3. Beam reinforcement for medium construction 4. Beam and Slab for large construction 5. Stirrups

B. Post and Column Reinforcements 1. Main Vertical reinforcement a. Single or b. Bundled bars 2. Lateral Ties a. Outer ties b. Inner ties c. Straight ties 3. Spiral Ties for Circular Column 4. Dowels for partitions and other future attachments

C. Beam and Girder Reinforcement 1. Main Reinforcement a. Straight bars b. Bend bars c. Additional cut bars for tension and compression d. Dowel bars for future attachment 2. Stirrups a. Open stirrups b. Closed stirrups c. Straight stirrups or ties 3. Cut Bars a. Over and across the support b. between supports c. Dowels and hangers for ceiling and partition

D. Floor Slab Requirement 1. Main reinforcements a. straight main reinforcing bars extending from one beam to the other b. alternate main reinforcing bars with bend between and over the beam support c. main alternate bars over support (beam or girder) 2. temperatures bars tied perpendicular to the main reinforcement 3. Additional alternate cut bars over the support (beam) 4. Dowels and hangers for ceiling and other attachment

E. Concrete Hollow Block reinforcement (refer to topics on Masonry Reinforcement)

Procedures in Estimating Steel Bar Reinforcement

1. Main reinforcement-by direct counting 2. Note formulas for splice, hooks and bends 3. Stirrups and lateral ties should be treated separately. Taking consideration of again their bends and hooks 4. Choose the best available commercial length for the minimum wastage. 5. Length of tie wire should be cut to a minimum required length based the diameter of the bars to be tied on.

Foundation Bars by First Method

Dividing the commercial length with one cut bar and the answer is fractional

Foundation Bars by Second Method

Dividing the commercial length with one cut bar and the answer is a whole number

Solving for Tie Wire

1. Determine the number of ties 2. (Number of Ties) x (Length Ties) = ______m /53 = _____kls of G.I. Wire # 16

Column Reinforcement (Longitudinal Bars)

Use direct counting but note the following: 1. bend at the base footing 2. length from footing to ground floor 3. height from ground line to beam 4. depth of beam 5. thickness of the floor slab 6. dowel for second floor

Lateral ties(columns) and Stirrups (beams and girders)

Refer to the plan for spacing, from that, we can obtain the number of lateral ties or stirrups For cut bar length, consider hooks and bends Tie Wire

Spiral and Column Ties

Consider the pitch. And use Table 3-9 Tie Wire

Slab (Slab on Grade or Ground floor slab)

To be treated similar to Foundation reinforcement