A System For Prediction of Future Using Geographic Information

IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org ISSN 2321-5992
A System for prediction of future using Geographic Information

Mr. M. N. Vasavi
Dept. of Computing & Information Systems, Faculty of Business and Computing Institute Technology Brunei, BRUNEI, DARUSSALAM.
ABSTRACT
Preservation of cultural heritage of a community is crucial to its identity and its transmission to future generations. Some interference ways are introduced for the preservation of cultural heritages like buildings, monuments, structures, sites. These square measure supported basic principles and methodologies that square measure developed by consultants from totally different areas. The main objective of this study is to predict remaining life for heritage buildings through study the influence totally different geographic factors. These factors is also traffic, pollution and harmful events that inflicting serious harm like earthquakes, fireplace or war etc. of these factors threaten and destroy the heritage buildings and so scale back its life. during this paper we tend to discuss the combination between 3 technologies for preservation of design Heritage at 2 stages. 1st stage, represent the combination between Geographic data Systems and 3D Modeling technique. Through build 3D model to provide additional realistic and elaborate atmosphere for preservation of heritage building and increase GIS information for abstraction analysis. Second stage, Artificial Neural Networks is employed to make the prediction model victimisation the ensuing knowledge from 1st stage. the expected results can then depicted visually victimisation 3D Modeling technique.
1. INTRODUCTION
Architecture Heritage could be a substantial a part of our cultural heritage. however different parts of our cultural heritage is also protected by putt them behind a shut in a deposit. {architectural|discipline|subject|subject square measurea|subject field|field|field of study|study|bailiwick|branch of knowledge|fine arts|beaux arts} monuments are wide used and vulnerable by future geographic influences. however by all means that once monuments square measure seriously broken, or utterly destroyed, the number and quality of any extant documentation becomes extremely necessary. Therefore, it's necessary to document the particular state of the fine arts monuments in a very manner. This opens the chance to observe continuous harm by modification detection techniques and to revive the monument just in case of serious harm. Before setting out to acquire new knowledge on the monument already existing knowledge sources got to be obtained, e.g. existing plans of previous restorations, ancient photos or documentation's of fine arts analysis comes [1].
Today, data technologies square measure used rather than ancient ways to urge additional precise knowledge and to save lots of time. Therefore, 3D modeling and visual image square measure necessary tools within the field of cultural heritage. they will be employed in the world of documentation of design heritage and designing of design heritage
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restorations. They additionally give scrutiny the present scenario with the longer term scenario once restoration works [2]. it absolutely was achieved to develop a 3 dimensional (3D) virtual model of the EL-Shenawy Palace and interactive visual image of the model via laptop. EL-Shenawy Palace is AN fine arts heritage building with its historical worth. Its history is qualitative analysis back to 1928. it's set in Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt. it's additionally one amongst the historical and a very important building that is that the Palace got a certificate of the foremost lovely palace engineered outside of European nation signed by the Italians within the hands of Benito Mussolini [3]. one amongst the aims of this study is to integrate the 3D model into Geographic data systems.
Knowledge and knowledge square measure the most steps for the preservation and also the valorization of the full design heritage. this suggests that a additional and additional active historical-scientifical document analysis is important to produce the respect for identity and singularity throughout years [4]. earth science is a very important discipline that includes a nice impaction on people, businesses and governments. So, GIS was developed and appeared in 1960. It will be outlined in outline as a collection of tools for storage, retrieval, analysis and show of abstraction knowledge. really it differs from ancient data systems in its ability to figure with each abstraction knowledge and attribute knowledge. abstraction knowledge describes the locations and shapes of geographic options like rivers, roads, buildings and streets, whereas attribute knowledge describes the characteristics of geographic options. GIS equally as a set of element, software, and geographic knowledge for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all varieties of geographically documented data .This means all attainable tools that employed in process and analyzing of abstraction knowledge into helpful data. This data is employed in higher cognitive {process} process and in resolution advanced geographical issues. GIS includes set of functions to support the acquisition, storage, querying, analysis and visual image of abstraction knowledge. These functions square measure referred to as A heart of GIS per. they will be classified into 3 main types: Input, storage and piece of writing functions, Analysis functions and Output functions [5]. 3D models and GIS offer clear and elaborate data of existing scenario of the objects. they will be used for scrutiny the present scenario with the longer term scenario once restoration or previous scenario once a disaster. GIS and 3D Modeling data will become {increasingly|progressively|more and additional} more valuable for deciding once coupled to computing (AI). Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is one amongst soft computing techniques that square measure a branch of AI. it's AN information science paradigm that's galvanized by the manner biological nervous systems, like the brain method data. the combination of ANN modeling in GIS will be applied in several applications to boost higher cognitive {process} process. once joined to GIS, artificial neural networks will be helpful for evaluating, observation and decision-making. ANN is chosen with GIS attributable to its powerful capabilities in modeling and simulation. whereas GIS is employed in collection, management and querying of abstraction knowledge, ANN is employed to increase the functionalities of GIS to incorporate modeling and simulation capabilities [5]. This paper is organized as follows: In section2we reviewed in brief a number of the recent connected work printed within the space of integration between GIS, 3Modeling and Artificial Neural Networks; section3 make a case for the framework for Geo-Information Neural System at 2 phases. 1st section provides fine arts data system and its
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importance in design heritage preservation. Second section, Build the prediction model victimisation ANNs victimisation the ensuing knowledge from 1st phase; section4 concludes the analysis.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Besides the introduction given higher than, a review is conferred on GIS, 3D Modeling and ANNs through their journey from origin to be enforced in numerous issues. Hasan YILDIZ, M. Umit GUMUSAY [2].Aimed to develop a 3 dimensional (3D) virtual model of the ukursaray (the Hollow Palace), Istanbul-Turkey and to integrate this model into the field data system. the requirement of the 3D models to provide additional realistic and elaborate atmosphere. victimisation 3D models ANd visual image objects in GIS applications provides users an interactive visual exploration of 3D digital atmosphere of a field. additionally, victimisation them will increase the abstraction reality and makes the process of abstraction knowledge additional economical. Franca RESTUCCIA1, Mariateresa GALIZIA1, Cettina SANTAGATI1 [4].In the perspective of making a elementary psychological feature framework of Catanias urban atmosphere. The analysis teams attention geared toward planning a GIS for Urban design , elaborating a structure that's ready to collect knowledge within an outlined ANd interconnected logic deposit system planned like an open and versatile information, which may at once be consulted and perpetually enforced. it's a multiscale system which may be navigated through its contents (texts, drawings, 3D rendering, pictures, and historical documents).A system that permits the combination of many documents in a very common geo-database up to examine the foremost substantive details. F. Karsli a, *, E. Ayhan a, E. Tunc a [8].In this study, style ANd application of an fine arts data system has been accomplished in a very easy sense. the fundamental elements of the system square measure digital photogrammetry and GIS. AN integration between the 3D model of object generated from photogrammetric techniques and attribute knowledge regarding identical model of object has been provided. With this integration, the information are going to be frequently updated, analyzed and queried. side of the documentation, registration and observation of historical objects, 2 techniques used is nicely proportioned. The results of the study ensure that the management and observation of the historical buildings with projected AIS was done terribly simply and effectively. Ahmed Loai Ali, Osman Hegazy , Mohammad NourEldien[5]. the appliance aims to make prediction model victimisation ANN to predict the distribution of slum within the future in Cairo. Then it presents a abstraction illustration of slums during this time as a unreal map. within the projected model GIS is employed as a decent management tool for abstraction knowledge. it's wont to prepare, organize, show and visualize abstraction knowledge whereas ANN is employed to make the slum prediction model (train-validate-test) victimisation collected knowledge by GIS. the expected results can then depicted visually victimisation GIS. These representations can facilitate to call manufacturers and policy planners to require correct actions. we tend to contemplate abstraction illustration of slum is that the ape-man toward downside resolution. Abdul GhaniSarip [11]. an automatic Valuation Model (AVM) named Geo-Information Neural System (GINS) is developed as another to be used within the valuation of single-residential property. this method integrates a GeographicInformation System (GIS) technique with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) modeling. The trained neural network model is then wont to predict the probable worth of a residential property. The model is constructed on a GIS platform, which is able to provide GINS automation yet because the conduct of interactive valuations. A graphical computer program is developed for seamless integration and user interaction. FatimaZohraYounsi*,DjamilaHamdadou*,KarimBouamra* [13].Aims to propose a call-making model structured by the appliance of Geographical data Systems (GIS) which will describe and analyze the choice and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) context to synthesize these knowledge to help decision manufacturers in their decisions. The decisional model has been designed to satisfy the various goal (social, economic and environmental).GIS manages data describing the territory and offers abstraction analysis operators. These tools permit taking under consideration the context of the thought of project and additionally distinctive and describing numerous alternatives. Neural network ways square measure then wont to treat this data and opt for most adequate solutions.
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This study aims to make prediction model to predict the remaining lifetime of heritage buildings within the future. Through develop a 3 dimensional (3D) virtual model of El-shenawy Palace and to integrate this model into GeoInformation Neural System.InPhotogrammetricapplication, 3D model building started with the acquisition of the decent image knowledge and was completed by constructing graphical knowledge to provide additional realistic and elaborate atmosphere of heritage building. After that, GIS is employed as a decent management tool for abstraction knowledge. it's wont to prepare, organize, show and visualize abstraction knowledge, graphic and non-graphic knowledge associated with a heritage building. Were collected to integrate and update data concerning created 3D model and GIS infrastructure was engineered reckoning on information style. whereas ANN is employed to make the prediction model victimisation collected knowledge by GIS. By this fashion GIS can become additional intelligent as together with modeling and simulation capabilities. This coupling will be used for several applications for the needs of improved decision-making.
3. AFRAME WORK FOR GINS

The framework of this study will be composed of integration between 2 phases. 1st section, represent integration between photogrammetric techniques (3D Models) and GIS. This integration referred to as fine arts data system (AIS).Second section, Build the prediction model victimisation ANNs depend upon the ensuing knowledge from GIS. This integration referred to as Geo-information Neural System (GINS). 3.1 fine arts data system Architectural heritage should be preserved by victimisation modern approaches. protective the historical buildings depend upon applicable measurements and knowledge associated with their life history. Conservation method includes the gathering, evaluation, analysis, visual image and continuous observation of knowledge collected from the historic building.The historic building will be evaluated with relation to 3 basic knowledge groups; the building itself with its encircled web site scale, the areas of the buildings and also the elements of the building [9].At this stage, digital photogrammetric (Photorealistic) techniques and GIS (Geographic data System) integration would be one amongst the most effective solutions. GIS includes a capability to integrate and update graphic and non-graphic knowledge per user inputs. during this section, the necessary purpose was to guage the full building as an entire model so as to examine the building on totally different knowledge topics with all elements. 3D model of historical buildings is habitual by victimisation photogrammetric techniques, and supplementary to GIS information to hold out querying, change and analyzing their properties. As a result, during this study, AN example of photogrammetric and GIS integration has been conferred to conserve the historical buildings as a straightforward fine arts data system (AIS) [8]. So, 3D modeling is changing into a very important tool for observation and protective design heritage.3D modeling is that the method of developing a mathematical and geometrical illustration of any 3 dimensional object. The role of the 3D modeling and visual image within the field of cultural heritage is recognized as a very important conservation, protection, analysis, development and management tool [2]. generally referred to as Visually Realistic Model (VRM) as a result of its ability for Simulating world and reconstructing planned comes trains the connected user to guage attainable results. 3D models create perceiving world simple and show what's getting to modification and happen at the tip of a brand new style. It explains the results of suggested changes visually. visual image objects and victimisation 3D models in design heritage increase the abstraction reality and create the process of abstraction knowledge additional economical. Because, a 3D model represents objects additional realistic than a graphic primarily based object. the most important advantage of the 3D model is its quality and its convincing result on users for future deciding processes [10]. As a results of this stage needs to embody not solely the graphical data however additionally some no graphical data like objects history, conservation standing, name of the quarter, name of the road, range of the door, practicality of the building, basement, medium floor, roof, total floor, condition of the building, registration, name of the building, construction date, financer, form of the building and homeowners. victimisation 3D models ANd visual image objects in GIS applications provides users an interactive visual exploration of 3D digital atmosphere. In addition, victimisation them will increase the abstraction reality and makes the process of abstraction knowledge additional economical. GIS became additional necessary since it's used as a visible and analytical tool. as a result of it helps the users to know abstraction data and supports higher cognitive {process} process. In this section, 3D modeling of the EL-Shenawy Palace and its application for design data systems incorporates following steps [2]:
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Data acquisition. Generation of a 3D model. Visualization of the 3D model. Importation of the 3D model into GIS.
The digital photogrammetry and also the GIS give a bunch edges} ANd benefits within the fine arts tasks not possible to get with such an potency, speed and economy by means that of different procedures. These benefits and edges square measure among others [8]: Digital Photogrammetry and GIS permit United States not solely to edit some plans with a high degree of graphic exactitude and metric accuracy, however additionally to observe all those defects or structural and constructive degenerations that cause the minimum deformations or alterations within the formal state of the building. To have a graphic information of quality, on which may add a coordinated manner, all the professionals concerned within the cataloguing and preservation tasks. To give a basic instruments for the coordination and pursuit of the works and administered studies or to develop. To facilitate the access, manipulation and convey up thus far of all the data. To scale back the prices, such a lot within the getting of the information, like within the later tasks to hold out throughout the documentation method, restoration and preservation. To facilitate the exchange of knowledge between numerous organisms and firms whose performances will impact or to influence within the atmosphere of the monuments. In our project, forming AIS is aimed with acquisition knowledge by Digital Photogrammetric techniques and visualizes it in 3D with GIS environments. totally different queries on 3D model of object are done by linking graphical and attribute knowledge. Briefly, our system has 2 main components; a digital photogrammetric system that we tend to represent a 3D model of the fine arts object and also the direction system that we tend to performed a relationship between graphic and attribute knowledge of the item. 3.2 Artificial Neural Networks The main aim of this work is to develop a framework for this integration to be used later as a general framework in several fields. Here, ANN is employed with GIS to develop a prediction application. This integration is named marring between GIS and ANN. during this integration all functionalities are going to be used and directed to support decisionmaking method [4].
Figure 1 A generic ANN model [11] Artificial Neural Networks could be a system of a massively distributed data processing that includes a natural propensity for storing experiential data. AN ANN consists of a collection of nodes and variety of interconnected process parts. ANNs use learning algorithms to model data and save this information in weighted connections, mimicking the perform of somebody's brain. The nodes typically have 3 layers: input nodes, hidden nodes ANd an output node.
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Many researchers have approved that ANN is exclusive by its model structure and algorithms that aren't solely intelligent, however will emulate comparison approach and may be applied to prediction and regression tasks in valuation analysis. The most well-liked ANN model employed in prediction and regression tasks is that the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with Feed-forward Back-error Propagation (BP) variety of learning algorithmic program or just as MLP-BP [12].
Figure 2 ANN MLP-BP model. [12] The integration between a Geographic data system (GIS) technique with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) modeling named Geo-Information Neural System (GINS).Sometimes referred to as an automatic Valuation Model (AVM). machine-controlled valuation modeling (AVM) is one amongst the new techniques in assessing single-property worth. The model is constructed on a GIS platform, which is able to provide GINS automation yet because the conduct of interactive valuations. GIS is employed for location distance measurements, abstraction queries and thematic mapping while ANN is used to duplicate the manner the human brain would possibly method abstraction knowledge by learning relationships, during this case the one existing between building characteristics like physical and placement attributes and remaining life worth. This section describes in brief however will the integrated system between GIS and ANN work. during this framework the GIS by its functions are going to be accountable of treating abstraction knowledge, whereas ANN are going to be accountable of modeling section. Here could be a simulation of a operating mechanism [5]: 1. User inserts a connected knowledge and maps victimisation GIS interface. 2. GIS & amp;SDB functions square measure wont to abstract and extract a very important knowledge and data which can be has an impression in classification or prediction task. 3. Knowledge transformation could be a vital step within which you have got 2 ways that per 2 forms of abstraction data: Raster knowledge form: the worth of interested knowledge for every picture element is reworked into one dimensional array as a record in AN input dataset. Vector knowledge form: the connected knowledge is extracted from attributed knowledge tables ANd keep in separate dB to be an input to ANN. 4. Coaching dataset created and so inserted to ANN elements that build AN applicable model (classification or prediction model) per the required task. 5. ANN once construction and coaching of the model, adjustment and improvement functions square measure then wont to adapt the developed model. 6. victimisation the model are going to be the remaining task by inserting AN input dataset and find AN output results. 7. the ultimate step are going to be victimisation 3D visual image techniques ANd GIS interface to represent the ends up in an understanding kind (map and 3D Model) to facilitate the task of call manufacturers.
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Figure 3 Architecture of proposed model
The application mechanism will be summarized because the following steps. first geographic knowledge and historical knowledge square measure collected from totally different sources and clean. ordinal build 3D Model to provide additional realistic atmosphere for heritage building and insert 3D model to GIS. third the abstraction of abstraction relations is finished by victimisation GIS elements (map objects components). fourth the information is reworked into applicable kind for ANN (normalized). fifth Matlab is employed for building a prediction model victimisation ANN (training-testing-validating). This step is finished by linking the Matlab with desktop application. sixth once finishing the model is employed by inserting a knowledgeset of current data and find expected values as AN outputs.7th the output values square measure passed to GIS elements and depicted visually as 3D modeling technique. The output are going to be a expected remaining time of heritage building within the close to future reckoning on the historical and current knowledge and standing.
4. CONCLUSION
Architectural heritage is full of natural effects. Also, it's vulnerable by recovery and reconstruction works.As a result, restoration works is also needed. Measured drawings that show the initial state of the structure square measure used for restoration works for several years. The developed framework can contain the strength of GIS, 3D Photogrammetric technique and ANN. So, it'll be helpful in assessment of top dog in advanced abstraction issues. This integration can result in extend GIS to develop trendy GIS (traditional GIS with AI capabilities) and so will be used as a abstraction call web (SDSS).by the appliance of Geographical data Systems (GIS) which will describe and analyze {the call|the choice} and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) context to synthesize these knowledge to help decision manufacturers in their decisions.3D model to provide additional realistic and elaborate atmosphere for preservation of heritage building. This model presents a novel combination of these necessary tools. it's additionally a call model process the varied options of the most actors within the method. in a very few words, the planned structure could be a knowledge base that tells the story of Heritage buildings history by means that of various varieties of documents (texts, pictures, drawings, 3D model); that preserves the buildings' identity, its origin and changes through the memory of the past and also the data of gift. Finally, it's how handy right down to future generations the history of the design building and its changes.
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REFERENCE
[1]Hasan YILDIZ, M. Umit GUMUSAY:3D Modeling OfThe ukursaray (The Hollow Palace), Istanbul Turkey And Its Application For Campus Information System, International CIPA Symposium, September 12-16 ,2011. [2]Franca RESTUCCIA1, Mariateresa GALIZIA1, Cettina SANTAGATI1: A GISFor Knowing, Managing, Preserving Catanias Historical Architectural Heritage,The International Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage (CIPA), December, 2011. [3] Ahmed LoaiAli , Osman Hegazy , Mohammed NourEldien:A Framework for integration between Artificial Neural Network & Geographical Information System, Slum prediction as the case study, International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 10 No: 01, February 2010. [4]Maria Daniela Tantillo: GIS Application In Archaeological Site Of Solunto, XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October, Athens, Greece, 2007. [5] Jeff Thurston: GIS& Artificial Neural Networks: Does Your GIS Think? , GISCafe.com, January, 2002. [6]S. Gnay a: Spatial Information System For Conservation Of Historic Buildings Case Study: Do_Anlar Church _Zm_R, Volume XXXVI-5/C53, 2007 Proceedings of the 21st CIPA symposium AntiCIPAting the future of the cultural past, October 1-6, 2007. [7]TuncE., Karsli F., Ayhan E:3DCity Reconstruction By Different Technologies To Manage And Reorganize The Current Situation,XXth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV, Turkey, July 12-23, 2004. [8]Abdul GhaniSarip: Integrating Artificial Neural Networks And GIS For Single Property Valuation, PRRES Conference,January, 2005. [9]Changhui Peng1 and Xuezhi Wen2: Recent Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Forest ResourceManagement: An Overview, In: U. Cort and M.Snche-Marr (Eds.).Environmental Decision Support Systems and Artificial Intelligence. pp. 15-22, AAAI Technical Reports WS-99-07, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1999. [10]FatimaZohraYounsi*,DjamilaHamdadou*, KarimBouamrane*: A Decision-Making Model For Territory Planning:Integration Of GIS And Artificial Neural Networks, 2008.
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A System For Prediction of Future Using Geographic Information

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IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org ISSN 2321-5992