Q.1. Based on Euclids algorithm: a = bq + r Using Euclids algorithm: Find the HCF of 825 and 175.

Explanation: Step 1. Since 825>175. Divide 825 by 175. We get, quotient = 4 and remainder = 125. This can be written as 825 = 175 x 4 + 125 Step II. Now divide 175 by the remainder 125. We get quotient = 1 and remainder = 50. So we write 175 = 125 x 1 + 50. Step III. Repeating the above step we now divide 125 by 50 and get quotient = 2 and remainder = 25. so 125 = 50 x 2 + 25 Step IV. Now divide 50 by 25 to get quotient = 2 and remainder 0. Since remainder has become zero we stop here. Since divisor at this stage is 25, so the HCF of 825 and 175 is 25. Solution: This is how a student should write answer in his answer sheet: Since 825>175, we apply division lemma to 825 and 175 to get 825 = 175 x 4 + 125. Since r 0, we apply division lemma to 175 and 125 to get 175 = 125 x 1 + 50 Again applying division lemma to 125 and 50 we get, 125 = 50 x 2 + 25. Once again applying division lemma to 50 and 25 we get. 50 = 25 x 2 + 0. Since remainder has now become 0, this implies that HCF of 825 and 125 is 25. Problems for practice; 1. 2. 3. 4. Find HCF of the following pairs using Euclids division Lemma 34782 and 1892 588 and 240 80784 and 628

Q.2. Based on Showing that every positive integer is either of the given forms: Solved example: Prove that every odd positive integer is either of the form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3 for some integer q. Explanation: Euclids division lemma a= bq + r. Comparing this with the given integers (4q + 1) we get that b should be 4.If we divide any number by 4 possible remainders are 0, 1, 2 or 3 because fourth number will again be divided by 4. Ex 12 4, r=0; 134, r=1; 14 4, r=2; 154, r=3; 164 once again r= 0.Hence possible remainders are 0, 1, 2 or 3. If r = 0, then we get a = 4q, If r = 1 we get a= 4q + 1 and so on till r = 3 which will give a= 4q + 3. Since we want only odd integers our choices are 4q + 1 and 4q + 3.

Solution: Let a be any odd positive integer (first line of problem) and let b = 4. Using division Lemma we can write a = bq + r, for some integer q, where 0r<4. So a can be 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2 or 4q + 3. But since a is odd, a cannot be 4q or 4q + 2. Therefore any odd integer is of the form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3. Practice questions: i. Write the possible remainders when a number is divided by a. 5 b. 3 c. 7 d. 2. Prove that every even positive integer is either of the form 6q, 6q + 2 or 6q + 4. Prove that every positive integer is either of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2 for some integer q.

ii. iii.

Q. 3. Based on LCM and HCF: Formula: LCM x HCF = product of numbers Or product of numbers = LCM x HCF Hint: If LCM or HCF is to be found then use the first formula. IF value of any of the numbers is to found use second formula. That is, always keep the unknown variable on the LHS to avoid confusion. Solved example: a. Find HCF (26,91) if LCM(26,91) is 182

Sol: We know that LCM x HCF = Product of numbers. or 182 x HCF = 26 x 91 or HCF = 26 x 91 = 13 182 Hence HCF (26, 91) = 13. b. LCM and HCF of two numbers are 3024 and 6 respectively. If one of the number is 336 find the other number.

Sol: We know that Product of numbers = LCM x HCF Or Number = LCM x HCF Given number Or number = 3024 x 6 = 54 336 Hence the other number is 54. Solve similar questions from your text book. Q. 4. Based on irrational numbers.

By heart the following jingles. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Let us assume on the contrary the __ is rational. That is we can find co-primes a and b ( b0) such that __ = a/b. ____ divides a2. Hence it follows that ____ divides a. So we can write a= ____c. ____ divides b2. Hence it follows that ____ divides b. Now a and b have at least ____ as a common factor. But this contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that __ is irrational. Hence __ is rational.

Sample question: prove that 5 is irrational. Solution: let us assume on the contrary that 5 is rational. That is we can find co-primes a and b b (0) such that 5 = a/b. (1st jingle) Or 5b = a. Squaring both sides we get 5b2 = a2. This means 5 divides a2. Hence it follows that 5 divides a. (2nd jingle) So we can write a = 5c for some integer c. (3rd jingle) Putting this value of a we get 5b2 = (5c)2 Or 5b2 = 25c2 Or b2 = 5b2. It follows that 5 divides b2. Hence 5 divides b. (4th jingle) Now a and b have at least 5 as a common factor. (5th jingle) But this contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. (6th jingle) This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that 5 is rational. (7th jingle) Hence it follows that 5 is irrational. (8th jingle)

Q. 1. Write the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations. Q. 2. The sum of two natural number is 8. Sum of their receprocal is 8/15 , express this statement in the form of quadratic equation. Q. 3. If one root of the quadratic equation 2x2 + px 4 = 0 is 4. Write value of p. Q. 4. Find the value of p if 4x2 3px + 9 = 0 has real roots. Q. 5. For what value of k, the quadratic equation (k + 1)x2 2 (k 1)x + 1 = 0 , has equal roots. Q. 6. Find the roots of the following equation by

factorization Q. 7. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation if they exits, by the method of completing square . 10ax2 + 3(5a 2)x 9. Q. 8. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation by using quadratic formula. a2x2 (a2 + b2)x + b2 = 0 Q. 9. One year ago , a man was 8 times as old as his son. Now his age is equal to the square os his sons age. Find their present ages. Q. 10. A person on tour has Rs 360 for his expenses. If he extends his tour for 4 days, he has to cut down his daily expences by Rs 3. Find the original duration of the tour. Q. 11. A teacher , on attempting to arrange the students for mass P.T. in the form of a square, found that 24 students were left over, when she increased the size of the square by one student she found that there was short of 25 students. Find the numbers of students. Q. 12. The speed of the boat in still water in 20km/h. It takes one hour more when it goes 15km upstream than 15km downstream. Find speed of the stream.

Q. 1. Which term of the AP 21, 18, 15, is 81 ? Also any term 0? Q. 2. Is 68 a term of the AP 7, 10, 13, ? Q. 3. The 10th term of an AP is 52 and 16th term is 82. Find the 32nd term. Q. 4. Find the sum of a + b, a b, a 3b,.. to 22 terms. Q. 5. Find the sum of first 15 terms of an AP, whose nth term is 9 5n. Q. 6. If 6 times the 6th term is equal to 9 times the 9th term of an AP find its 15th term. Q. 7. Which term of AP 5, 13, 21, . Will be 72 less than its 17th term? Q. 8. If 1/x + 2 , 1/ x +3 , 1/ x + 5 are in AP then find x.

Q. 9. Which term of the AP 32, 29, 26, . Is its first negative term? Q. 10. If the sum of first 20 terms of an AP is one third of the sum of next 20 terms. If first term is 1 , then find the sum of first 30 terms. Q. 11. Find the sum of all the three digits numbers each of which leaves the remainder 3 when divided by 5. Q. 12. If mth and nth terms of an AP are 1/n and 1/m respectively, then find the sum of (mn)th terms. Q. 13. The sum of first six terms of an AP is 42. The ratio of the 10th term to the 30th term is 1:3. Find first term and 11th term of the AP.

Q. 1. If the H C F of 657 and 963 is expressible in the form of 657x + 963x - 15 find x. Q. 2. Express the GCD of 48 and 18 as a linear combination. Q. 3. Prove that one of every three consecutive integers is divisible by 3. Q. 4. Find the largest possible positive integer that will divide 398, 436, and 542 leaving remainder 7, 11, 15 respectively. Q. 5. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers between 1 and 10 (both inclusive). Q. 6. Show that 571 is a prime number. Q. 7. If d is the HCF of 30, 72, find the value of x & y satisfying d = 30x + 72y. Q. 8. Show that the product of 3 consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6. Q. 9. Show that for odd positive integer to be a perfect square, it should be of the form 8k +1. Let a=2m+1 Q. 10. Find the greatest number of 6 digits exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36. Q. 11. If a and b are positive integers. Show that 2 always lies between a/b and a-2b/a+b Q. 12. Prove that ( n-1+ n +1 ) is irrational, for every n N n-1 is totally in square root .

Q. 1. Which is bigger, a coulomb or charge on an electron? How many electric charges form one coulomb of charge? Q. 2. A plastic comb run through ones dry hair attracts small bits of paper. Why? What happens if the hair is wet or if it raining? Q. 3. What is an electric lines of force? What is its importance? Q. 4. An ebonite rod held in hand can be charged by rubbing with flannel but a copper rod cant be charged like this. Why? Q. 5. What is the value of charge on an electron in S.I unit? Is a charge less than this value possible? Q. 6. Define and explain quantisation of electric charge. Q. 7. If a body gives out 109 electrons every second. How much time is required to get a total charge of 1C for of 1C from it? [Ans: - 198.2 year ] Q. 8. A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have negative charge of 3.2 x 10-7C. Calculate the number of electrons transferred. Q. 9. How is static electricity is different from current electricity? Q. 10. Define current electricity. What do you mean by condition electrons? Q. 11. Define electric current. It has both direction as well as magnitude, than why it is a scalar? Q. 12. What is the current flowing through a conductor if one million electrons are crossing in 1 millisecond through a cross-section of it? Q. 13. A wire is carrying a current. Is it charged? Q. 14. A large number of free electrons are present in metals. Why is there no current in the absence of electric field across it? Q. 15. When we switch on an electric bulb, it light almost instantaneously, though drift velocity of electron in wires is very small. Explain. Q. 16. Define one example, one volt of potential energy. Q. 17. A wire having resistance R is stretched so as to reduce its diameter to half of its previous value, what will be its new resistance? Q. 18. What will be change in resistance of a Eureka Wire, when its radius is halved and length is reduces to one-forth of its original length? Explain why an electric bulb becomes dim when an electric heater in parallel circuit is made on. Why dimness decreases after some time?

Q. 19. Long distance power transmission is carried on high voltage lines. Why? Q. 20. Which lamp has greater resistance a: 60w or 100w lamp, when connected to the same supply? Q. 21. A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of circle. What is the effective resistance between ends of diameter? Q. 22. A wire of resistivety is stretched to three times to length. What will be its new resistivety? Q. 23. Bends in a pipe slow down the flow of water through it. Do bends in a wire increase its electrical resistance? Q. 24. The V-I graph for conductor makes angle with V-axis. Here V denotes voltage and I denote current. What is the resistance of this conductor? [Ans: R = cot ] Q. 25. What are the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends? Give the corresponding relation. Q. 26. To reduce the brightness of a light bulb, should an auxiliary resistance be connected in series with it or in parallel? Q. 27. Current is allowed to flow in a metallic wire at a constant potential difference. When the wire becomes hot, cold water is poured on half of its portion. By doing so, its other becomes still more hot. Explain its reason. Q. 28. What is super-conductivity? Write its two application. Q. 29. Prove that in parallel combination of electrical applications, total power consumption is equal to the sum of the powers of the individual appliances. Q. 30. A current in a circuit having constant resistance is tripled. How does this effect the power dissipation? Q. 31. A wire connected to a bulb glows when same current flows through them. Why? Q. 32. Nichrome and cupper wires of the same length and diameter are connected in series in the electric circuit in which wire, the heat will be produced at higher rate? Explain. Q. 33. Draw V-I graph for an Ohmic and Non-Ohmic material. Give one example for each. Q. 34. How does the resistivety of i. ii. Conductor and A semiconductor vary with temperature? Give reasons for each.

Q. 35. There is an impression among many people that a person touching a high power line gets stuck with the line. Is that true? Explain.

Q. 36. Explain why an electric bulb becomes dim when an electric heater in parallel circuit is made on. Why dimness decreases after some time? Q. 37. Long distance power transmission is carried on high voltage lines. Why?

Q. 1. Find the work done by an electron to maintain the potential difference of 80V? Q. 2. What is the potential difference between the ends of 16 resistance, when a current of 1.5A flows through it? Q. 3. The potential difference across the the terminals of an electric iron is 240V and the current is 6 A what is the resistance of electric iron? Q. 4. If there are 108 electrons flowing across any cross section of a wire in 4 minutes, what is the current in the wire? Q. 5. .A copper wire has diameter o.5mm and resistivity 1.6 x 10-8 ohm m what will be the length of this wire to make the resistance of 10 ohms? Q. 6. Find the effective resistance of resistors 0.01 ohms and 107 ohms.in series and parallel Q. 7. Two resistors of same materials has been connected in series first and then in parallel. Draw a V I graph to distinguish these connection. Q. 8. Three resistors 3,4,5 ohms are joined in parallel in a circuit. If a current of 150 mA=15010-3A flows through the resistor of 4 ohms, then find the values of the current in mA which will be flowing in other two resistors? Q. 9. A wire of length 2cm having resistance R is stretched to have an increase of 100% of original length . Find its new resistance with respect to its original resistance. Q. 10. An electric lamp has resistance of 400 ohms. It is connected to a supply of 250V. If the price of electric energy is Rs.1.20 per unit, calculate the cost of lighting the lamp for 20 hours.

Q. 1. Name the functional group present in the compound CH3NH2 and name it. (1 mark) Q. 2. Write the name and chemical formula of the organic acid present in vinegar. (1 mark) Q. 3. A compound has molecular formula C2H6O. It is usable as a fuel. Name it. (1 mark)

Q. 4. An organic compound A on heating with acetic acid and conc. Sulphuric acid gave a pleasant smelling compound B. What is the nature of compound A? (1 mark) Q. 5. How is ethanol prepared from ethane? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved. What is meant by denatured alcohol? What is the need to denature alcohol? (2 marks) Q. 6. What is the unique property of carbon atom? How is this property helpful to us? (2 marks) Q. 7. Complete and balance the following equations: (2 marks)

i. ii. iii.
iv.

C2H5OH + O2Combustion C2H5OH+O2Oxidation C2H4 + H2OH3 PO 4 CH3COOH + CH3OH

Q. 8. An organic compound A of molecular formula C2H6O on oxidation gives an acid with the same number of carbon atoms as in the molecule A. Compound A is often used for sterilization of skin by doctors. Name the compound A and B. Write the chemical equation involved in the formation of B from A. (2 marks) Q. 9. Give reasons: (2 marks) i. ii. Common salt (sodium chloride) is added during the preparation of soap. Soap is not suitable for washing clothes when the water is hard.

Q. 10. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation is CH3Cl. (3 marks) Q. 11. i. ii. iii. Q. 12. i. ii. iii. What are the two properties of carbon which lead to he formation of a large number of carbon compounds? What is a homologous series? Explain with an example. By how many carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms do any two adjacent homologous differ? Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. (5 marks) Write the chemical equation representing the preparation reaction of ethanol from ethane. Name the product obtained when ethanol is oxidized by either chromic anhydride or alkaline potassium permanganate. Give an example of an etherification reaction. (3 marks)

Paper By Pushpender

Q. 1. why is dna copying essential for reproduction? Q. 2. what is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Q. 3. which class of compounds gives a positibve fehlings test? Ans:aldehydes Q. 4. what is meant by 1 volt? Q. 5. write the chemical name and formula for bleaching powder? Q. 6. What is meant by dehydrating agent? Q. 7. state ohms law.draw a schematic diagram of the circuit for studying ohms law? Q. 8. state one limitation for the usage of solar energy? Q. 9. what is a gene and where is it located? Q. 10. explain double fertilization in plants? Q. 11. What is meant by magnetic field? Q. 12. why chlorophyll green in colour? Q. 13. give two methods to prevent rusting? Q. 14. state the functions of gastric glands? 15.explain why stars twinkle?

Q. 1. Your locality is facing monkey menace for the last four months. They tear the clothes hanging on the cord or enter the house and destroy everything come on their way. The mothers cant let their babies play alone on the cots. Drawing attention for the loss of life and property , write a letter in not more than 100 words to the commissioner , municipal corporation of Delhi, requesting him / her to tackle this problem as early as possible. You are Aastha / Anand a resident of AM 302 , Abhimanyu apartments , Dehi. Q. 2. Children like to spend their leisure {free time} on their favourite games or hobbies like cyber caf, internet , playing games on mobile , or watching cartoons on TV. But they dont know how these activities affect their eyes as well as pockets . Write a paragraph describing the harmful effects of too much TV viewing and sitting before personal computer. Mention the health and other related problems caused by it in about 150 words. Prose Q. 3. Why does Lencho write a letter to god? What does he experience? Q. 4. The way a crow Shook down on me The dust of snow From a hemlock tree. Has given my heart A change of mood And saved some part Of a day and had rued. i. ii. iii. iv. Where was the crow sitting? What did the crow do? How did it affect the poet? Write the name of the poem and the poet.

Q. 5. Give a brief substance of the poem dust of snow . Questions carrying 4 Marks) Q. 1. Justify the title The Tribute. Q. 2. A lot of cow webs have settles around me. I have swept by that invisible tide of time and business. Who is the speaker and what is he talking about? Q. 3. Babulis Elder brother loved him a lot and he was like a father figure to him. Justify the statement by giving instances. Q. 4. How did Babulis wife reacted on hearing about the partition? What light does it throw on her nature? Q. 5. Give two instances each to show: a. b. The love and care given to Babuli by his elder brother. Babulis ingratitude towards his elder brother.

Q. 6. How did Babulis family member react when he came to village home after a gap of two years?

Q. 7. Babulis character undergoes a tremendous change in the story. Justify the statement by giving instances. Q. 8. Describe the scene of Partition in about 50-75 words. Q. 9. I shivered with the cold and my own ingratitude. Who is the speaker and what he is trying to say? Q. 10. Why did Babuli give his share of land to his elder brother? (Questions carrying 8 Marks) Q. 1. Imagine you are Babuli. Write a page in your diary describing your feelings when you received a letter from your elder brother in which he had asked you to come to village for the division of family property. Q. 2. Imagine you are Babulis elder brother. You have received the hand-written note in which Babuli has given his share of land to you. You are deeply moved by his gesture and decide to write a letter him. Write a letter as Babulis elder brother. Q. 3. Imagine you are Babulis wife. Write a page in your dairy about your feelings when your husband came back from his home village after the division of family property and gave you the news that he had given his share to his elder brother.