Part 4: Instructor Guide Introduction Active attention o Instructor will show video clip of microscopes used in movies (Outbreak

k and Contagion). Also, show images and videos of cell specimens under a microscope, from the internet (See Technology Tools 3 and 4). Have students discuss the importance of microscopes. (Outbreak minutes 23-28). Establish Purpose o Introduce the learning goal: Learners will demonstrate their ability to identify parts of the microscope and their functions, as well as, set up, use, and clean up a microscope safely and correctly. o Have students write learning objectives to meet the goal. Discuss with the class as a whole to create objectives. Lead the students to additional, less obvious, objectives, such as those for total magnification. As a class, develop one comprehensive list. Stimulate motivation and attention o Have students complete a writing prompt in their notebooks (Appendix D). Prompt: List five things you would like to see using a microscope and why?

Preview learning activity/activity overview o Bring out the microscopes and give students note cards with microscope parts and note cards with part functions (Appendix C). Have students work in pairs to begin matching cards and identifying these parts on the microscopes. Instructor should check for accuracy once partners feel their matches are correct.

Body Recall prior knowledge o Have students complete a KWL chart (Appendix E). Students should fill in the what they know and what they want to know portions. Once they have time to complete their list, have students compile their lists together at the board for everyone to see. Present Information and examples o Instructor should review parts of the microscope using microscopes themselves and the handout picture of a microscope for students to fill in the parts during instruction (Appendix F). o Instructor should demonstrate proper technique when carrying, using, and cleaning up the microscope. Show YouTube video How to use a microscope. Discuss the following:

Carry with one hand on arm, one hand under base. Check cord for frays; wrap cord up when finished Keep microscope away from edge of table. Never slide microscope across table. Pick it up and place it where needed. Place low objective into position when finished. Raise objective to highest level before cleaning up. Total Magnification = eyepiece X objective

o Present the principle for finding total magnification. o Remind students that not all microscopes have the same power for all objectives, the most commonly used may include 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x. Give students a few practice problems on the board. Focus Attention o Allow for question and answer period for material presented so far. o Give students the handout, Procedure Checklist (Appendix G). Instructor shows demonstration of how to properly use a microscope from set up, to use, to clean up. Use the checklist and walk through the procedure; show students what is expected for each step. o Allow students to begin hands on investigation of microscopes. Students should review parts and functions with partners. Instructor should circle around classroom to address questions, provide feedback, and direct students to the next step of their procedure checklist. All students should demonstrate to the instructor that they can find and focus the slide properly. Learning Strategies o Procedural Knowledge: Students should use procedure checklist. Have students view unbreakable samples, not glass slides. Students may look at yarn, hair, or newspaper. If students have any other appropriate specimens they would like to look at they may do that as well, such as bug antennae or wings. Allow for inquiry investigation among students. o Students must complete the following in their notebooks: For each object viewed: list observations, create one drawing of the specimen for each microscope power used (low, medium, and high), and find total magnification for each objective used (Appendix D). Provide Practice o Have students use procedure checklist and begin practice focusing glass slides or plastic slideswhichever is more appropriate with the students. Walk around classroom to address questions, provide help, and feedback. Provide Feedback o While students investigate slides, observe technique and provide feedback.
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Conclusion Summarize and Review o Complete the last portion of the KWL chart, what students learned (Appendix E). o As a class, address the objectives the students created at the beginning of the lesson. Have students reflect in their notebooks on the following questions: Did we meet all of the objectives? Why or why not? How were the specific objectives met, give examples? Transfer Learning/ Enhance Transfer o Have students complete the following notebook entry: How can this knowledge be used in the future? During this time, you may show a video from discovery learning on careers that include the use of microscopes. Remotivate and close/ Provide remediation and closure o Inform students of how they will be assessed: pencil/paper test and a practical exam demonstrating how to focus a slide and find total magnification. Give students the rubric (Appendix H) they will be graded with, go over this with the class. o Allow students time to review with partners and time to practice using the microscope and meeting the rubric requirements. o Remind students they will not be allowed to use their checklist on the test. Conduct Assessment Evaluate o Give students the written assessment (Appendix I). During this time, pull students to the side, one by one, to give the practical exam. Grade students, using the rubric, as they demonstrate how to set up a microscope, focus a slide with all three powers, and clean up the microscope. Feedback and Remediation o Give students feedback on their assessments. This should include written feedback on the exams and verbal feedback to address questions from both exams. o If students require remediation, provide them with extra practice and one on one help. Also, provide them with some of the websites below and give appropriate assignments, which will address the areas they need more help with. o Allow students to seek individual help using microscopes at a designated time (before school, lunch, after school). See additional resources for extension and remediation activities in the appendices.

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Part 5: Learner Content 5a. Learning Materials

Student Materials

Justification and Timeline The KWL chart will be used during the introduction and conclusion to this lesson. Students will complete the K portion (What they already Know) after watching the outbreak intro and discussing how microscopes are used every day. This will allow students to identify what they know and what they Want to know before the lesson. At the end of the lesson, students will complete the L portion of the chart (What they have Learned). Students will create flashcards as their first activity. They will write the microscope part on one side, and place a picture and the function on the back side. Students will refer to these during the entire lesson. They will also peer quiz each other on these cards to study for their final assessment. Students will complete a variety of notebooks prompts throughout the lesson. Students will fill in the image with the missing parts as they receive instruction during the body of the lesson. Students will be given the rubric that will be used to grade them on their practical exam. This will be given at the conclusion and wrap up of the lesson for students to use as a study tool. The practical exam will have students set up the microscope, focus a slide correctly and clean up the microscope. They will also be asked to find total magnification.

1. KWL Chart- Appendix E

2. Flashcards- Appendix C 3. Notebooks PromptsAppendix D 4. Blank Microscope ImageAppendix F

5. Rubric for final assessment- Appendix H

6. Procedure ChecklistAppendix G

This is an informational sheet for students to refer back to when they are unsure of what to do next. It will be in a checklist form and will direct students to the correct steps to take when focusing a slide.

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5b. Formative and Summative Assessment Materials Formative and Summative Assessment Materials Justification This is the rubric that will be used when students perform their practical exam. They will be asked to set up the microscope, focus a given slide correctly, and clean up the microscope. They will also be asked to find total magnification. This addresses objectives 2,3,4,5,6,7 and 11. This is the summative assessment that will be used at the end of this lesson. This addresses objectives 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10.

1. Microscope Practical Exam Rubric- Appendix H 2. Microscope Written TestAppendix I

1. Is the timeline appropriate and achievable? 2. Do you have any other comments or suggestions about these materials? Appendices A. Learner AssessmentMicroscope knowledge 1. Name three things you can see using a microscope? 2. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope: 3. When should you use the coarse (large) adjustment knob? 4. When should you use the fine (small) adjustment knob? 5. If you are unable to locate the specimen on the slide, what should you do? 6. How do you find total magnification (what x what)? 7. If the eyepiece is 10x and your objective is 10x, what is the total magnification? 8. True or False You should always switch from low directly to high power. 9. True or False The fine adjustment knob should only be used on high power. 10. True or False Coarse adjustment knob should never be used on high power.

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11. With the microscope image and part labeled, please tell me what each parts function or job is? (Done verbally during interview).

B. Student Interview Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is your name? What is your age? And grade level? What is your ethnicity? Where are you from? Do you like science? Have you used microscopes in this class? What did you do? Do you feel confident in using a microscope? Have you used microscopes before this class? When (age or education level)? What did you look at? 9. Do you have any questions about the microscope that havent been answered or anything else you are wondering about (in regards to the microscope)? 10. Do you think you will use microscopes in the future (school or career)? 11. How do you learn best?

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C. Microscope Flashcards Create Flashcards with these parts and functions Microscope Parts Microscope Functions Eyepiece (Ocular Lens) Lens that you look through to view the slide Body Tube Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses Revolving Nosepiece The part that holds the objective lenses and rotates them Low Power Objective Lens used to magnify the slide, lowest setting Medium Power Objective Lens used to magnify the slide, medium setting High Power Objective Lens used to magnify the slide, highest setting Coarse Adjustment Knob Focuses the slide on low power ONLY. Fine Adjustment Knob Focus the slide on low and high power, show small details. Base The bottom of the microscope, used for support Arm Supports the tube and connects it to the base Stage The platform where you place your slide Diaphragm Rotating disk under stage that changes the amount of light Light Light source that illuminates the slide Stage clips Holds the slide on the stage

D. Notebook Prompts Microscope Notebook Entries 1. List five things you would like to see using a microscope and why? 2. Follow the procedure given and complete the following in your notebook. View 4 objects without using glass slides. For each object viewed: List observations, draw the specimen on two powers and identify the total magnification for each power used. 3. Follow the procedure given and complete the following in your notebook. View 5 prepared slides. For each object viewed: List observations, draw the specimen on two powers and identify the total magnification for each power used. 4. Did we meet all of the objectives? Why or why not? How were the specific objectives met, give examples? 5. How can the knowledge you have gained be used in the future?

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E. KWL chart

K
What do you already KNOW about microscopes?

W
What do you WANT to know about microscopes?

L
What have you LEARNED about microscopes?

F. Blank Microscope Image

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G. Procedure Checklist

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Procedure Checklist
Retrieve microscope from storage. o Carry microscope properly: one hand on arm, one hand under base. Place in center of lab table. Plug in microscope and place cord out of the way. Turn on the light source. Check to make sure the low power objective is clicked into place. Place slide on the stage and secure it into place with the stage clips. With your eye looking through the eyepiece, use the coarse adjustment knob to bring the objective closer to the stage. Adjust the light source if necessary. Continue to use the coarse adjustment knob until the slide comes into focus; adjust to the best possible view. Use the fine adjustment knob to better define the image. Focusing on medium power First focus the slide on low power by following the above steps. Without touching the slide or coarse adjustment knob, click the medium power objective into placeas you do this, tilt your head and watch to make sure the objective will not crush the slide on the stage. Now, use ONLY THE FINE FOCUS adjustment knob to bring the slide into focus Focusing on high power First focus the slide on low power and medium power by following the above steps. Without touching the slide or coarse adjustment knob, click the high power objective into placeas you do this, tilt your head and watch to make sure the objective will not crush the slide on the stage. Now, use ONLY THE FINE FOCUS adjustment knob to bring the slide into focus When finished, use the coarse adjustment knob to raise the objectives up to the highest position and click the low power objective into place. Unplug and wrap the cord around the base of the microscope. Cover and return to storage properly. If you are unable to view the slide try the following: Refocus using low power again. Adjust the light. Move the slide on the stage to make sure it is centered. Clean the slide. Ask the teacher for help. Total Magnification: Multiply eyepiece power times the objective power Examples: 10x X 4x = 40x 10x X 10x = 100x 10x X 40x = 400x 10x X 100X = 1000x

H. Rubric

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Microscope Assessment Rubric

ADVANCED 4 Student correctly identifies 14 of 14 microscope parts. Student correctly carries microscope with one hand on arm and one hand under base; plugs in cord and turns on light/power, places microscope in center of table, and stores cord away safely. Student uses stage clips to mount slide, adjusts eyepiece, focuses using lowest magnification and coarse focus before moving to fine focus and higher magnification. Student identifies the magnification of the eyepiece and objectives; total magnification on low power, medium power, and high power. Student correctly stores microscope on lowest power, switches off power before unplugging when appropriate, wraps cord, and carries with 2 hands to store. PROFICIENT 3 Student correctly identifies 10-13 microscope parts. BASIC 2 Student correctly identifies 5-9 microscope parts. BELOW BASIC 1 Student correctly identifies 4 or less microscope parts.

Microscope Parts

Microscope Setup

Student correctly performs 3 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 2 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Incorrect carrying procedure. Hazardous set up. 1 of 4 listed in the sequence.

Focusing Slide

Student correctly performs 3 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 2 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 1 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Total Magnification

Student correctly performs 3 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 2 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 1 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Microscope Clean Up & Storage

Student correctly performs 3 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 2 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Student correctly performs 1 out of 4 steps in the sequence.

Total________/ 20

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I. Summative Assessment

Microscope Test
Match the microscope part with its function 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ______ Eyepiece ______ Body tube ______ Stage ______ Stage Clips ______ Arm ______ Base ______ Low Power Objective and eyepiece 8. ______ Medium Power Objective 9. ______ High Power Objective 10. ______ Coarse Adjustment Knob 11. ______ Fine Adjustment Knob 12. ______ Light 13. ______ Diaphragm 14. ______ Revolving Nosepiece A. Focuses slide on all powers B. Holds the slide in place on stage C. Bottom of microscope, provides support D. Turns the objectives into place E. Illuminates the slide to see it better F. Lens that magnifies the slide the least G. Projects image between the objectives H. Focuses the slide on low power only I. The slide is placed on this part J. Used to carry the microscope at the side K. Adjusts the amount of light L. Lens magnifying the slide M. Lens that magnifies the slide the greatest N. Lens you look though directly

Short Answer 1. Which objective must be in place when you put away the microscope? 2. Describe how to carry the microscope?

3. Which focusing knob do you first use when you begin looking at a slide? 4. How much are you magnifying something when you are using 10x oculars and the 40x objectives? 5. How much are you magnifying something when you are using 10x ocular lens and the 10x objective? 6. How much are you magnifying something when you using 10x oculars and the 4x objectives? 7. Why is it important to use the coarse and fine adjustment knobs carefully? Explain in detail.

**The picture from Appendix F will also be used on this assessment.

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