C. ANECDOTAL RECORDS Short descriptions of a significant event/ incident of a persons overt behavior.

. This device facilitates the sharing of observation made by a teacher/counselor, with the cooperation of the staff members who collect the records/ leave their reports from time to time inside the pupils folder. Provide descriptions of the pupils spontaneous behavior in various situations. They reveal problems and offer information that will help the pupil understand him. Purposes

to provide information about students' development over an extended period of time to identify the instructional needs of students

Teacher Note:

To be useful, anecdotal records should be brief and focused. Anecdotal comments may be recorded in binders with a single page for each student, in a notebook with each entry dated to provide a chronological record of classroom activities and students' growth and development, or on checklists. Record an accurate description of the situation and comments or questions that may guide further observations. Anecdotal comments should be recorded daily and immediately after the observation. Anecdotal records should include information about students' strengths and weaknesses. Comments should be recorded during different times and during different activities of the day in order to develop a complete profile of students' language abilities, interests and attitudes. Examine the records regularly to be sure that comments are made for each student on a variety of skills and behaviours.

Example:

Anecdotal records should possess the following criteria: 1). Objectivity This means that anecdotal records do not give an account of the personal emotional reaction of the reporter. 2). Adequate Background

 Records give definite information about the time, place and person involved as well as the name, age and the specific situation/s where in the counselee is observed. 3). Selectivity Teachers trained workers can select which of the anecdote are significant in understanding a counselees problem. 4). Reliability The report is based exactly on ones personal observation, not on hearsay. D. CASE STUDY It is an intensive investigation employing all types of research, making use of tests, checklists, interviews and observation. Its function is to assist in discovering the causes of need to take remedial measures. The use of techniques as obtaining facts, diagnosis and treatment are called the case study method because it utilizes the scientific procedures followed by a physician. Refers to the collection and presentation of detailed information about a particular participant or
small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves.

Under the more generalized category of case study exist several subdivisions, each of which is custom selected for use depending upon the goals and/or objectives of the investigator. These types of case study include the following: Illustrative Case Studies These are primarily descriptive studies. They typically utilize one or two instances of an event to show what a situation is like. Illustrative case studies serve primarily to make the unfamiliar familiar and to give readers a common language about the topic in question. Exploratory (or pilot) Case Studies These are condensed case studies performed before implementing a large scale investigation. Their basic function is to help identify questions and select types of measurement prior to the main investigation. The primary pitfall of this type of study is that initial findings may seem convincing enough to be released prematurely as conclusions. Cumulative Case Studies These serve to aggregate information from several sites collected at different times. The idea behind these studies is the collection of past studies will allow for greater generalization without additional cost or time being expended on new, possibly repetitive studies. Critical Instance Case Studies These examine one or more sites for either the purpose of examining a situation of unique interest with little to no interest in generalizability, or to call into question or challenge a highly generalized or universal assertion. This method is useful for answering cause and effect questions. Sample of a Case Study: A student named Juan was always absent and tardy because he played games of chance, like blackjack. Following up his case by a succession of interviews, Mrs. A discovered that Juan had a stepfather and felt unwanted among his half- brothers and sisters. Mrs. A had a talk with both Juans mother and stepfather who promised to cooperate. She made Juan monthly deposit in the savings bank. Juan did not play card games anymore. Two years after, Mrs. A received a visit from Juan who thanked her for helping him mend his ways. He informed her father that he had already graduated and was already in college. He had his bank book with him.

Steps in Preparing a Case Study 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recognition of the status of what is to be investigated. Collection of data relating to the factors associated with the problem under study. Diagnosis Identification of causal factors. Application of remedial measures. Follow- up techniques- necessary to check the correctness of the diagnosis and to modify the treatment to suit the case. Through an autobiographical sketch, the teacher, counselor can be acquainted with the life history of the pupil being investigated. Then the data can be formulated and treatment can be applied. E. CUMULATIVE RECORDS These contain spaces for recording the data needed for what is called the inventory service of guidance. Significant facts should be recorded that they can be used when and where they are needed. Must have spaces for additional information from time to time. Have information concerned with the appraisal of the individual pupil usually kept on a card, sheet, folder, and cards in an envelope or a combination of all. 1908 The first cumulative record appeared in Boston.

Need of the Cumulative Record Card The cumulative Record card of a student is needed for the following important points. 1. To give a complete picture of a pupil's all round progress in different areas i.e. physical, academic, moral, social and health. 2. To assess the child, his potentialities, interest, aptitude and talents. 3. To provide proper guidance and counseling taking into consideration of students curricular and cocurricular achievements. 4. To help parents and teachers in the placement of pupil after the completion of schooling /study. Main Items found in Cumulative Records 1. Identifying Data: Name, Address, Birthday, Birthplace, Civil Status, and Religion. 2. Home Background: Parents Name, Number of Siblings, Occupations, Parents. 3. Health Information: Immunizations, Dental Records, Frequency of Illness, Sensory Abilities and Corrections, Chronic Diseases/Defects. 4. Educational History: Age of starting school, promotions and failures, frequency of changing schools, standardized test score. 5. Anecdotal Records/ Remarks: Observation of interests, notable abilities, relationships with peers and school personnel disciplinary incidents. 6. Case Summary: Employed only for pupils with some personnel/social dilemma that impedes growth. 7. Recommendation: Remarks from prior counselors, teachers, results of staff conferences. In addition, pictures of the pupils showing different stages of development can be included. All schools should keep cumulative records which result from the cooperative efforts of those concerned with the education of the child at the different levels of his growth and development.

Example:
Front of Cumulative Folder

Inside of Cumulative Folder

Back of Cumulative Folder