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I.
A. B.
Alkanes
Cracking
very long alkane
heat , catayst
Combustion
y
C.
CxHy + (x + 4 ) O2(g) xCO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) Chlorination Chain initiation (chain initiating step)
h Cl Cl Cl + Cl Cl radical is generated.
Energy
radical is destroyed.
Page 2
II.
A. 1.
C R
C R
in dark
Br Br R C
R
C R
1,2-dibromoalkane
2.
C C R R
in dark
Br OH R C
C R
R R halohydrin
3.
H
C
H
C
H
major product
Br
2-bromopropane Br H H H C
H
C
H
C
H
minor product
1-bromopropane
4.
C
R
O H R C
O C R
R R alkyl hydrogensulphate(VI)
S O
C
O + H2O(l)
R
H R C
R
OH C
R
R + H2SO4(aq)
R R alkyl hydrogensulphate(VI)
alcohol
5.
300 C
6.
Page 3
Note : Can be used to determine the structure of the alkene with characterization of the derivatives of carbonyl compounds formed.
C.
CH3 CH3
O
C
CH2CH3
O
+
H3C
CH3
(2) H pentan-3-one
-
propanone
CH3
O
C
CH CH
3
OH + CO2
+ H2 O
3-methylbut-1-ene
(2) H
2-methylpropanoic acid
Note : The outcomes are different from the ones from ozonolysis.
a)
H
C H
cold KMnO4(aq)
H3O or OH
+ -
H C C H
O O
ethane
H H ethane-1,2-diol
D.
Oxymercuration of alkyne
HgSO
R C C H terminal alkyne H
4(aq)
R C C H O H Markovinkov orientation
H SO
2
keto-enol tautomerization
H R C C H O H methyl ketone
4(aq)
Page 4
H H R C C H H
H C C H
H H
H H H H R C C C C H H H H
etc.
H
C
H
C
H
C
H H
C C
H
C
H
C
(CH2 CH2) n R
H H R H (CH2 CH2) n
C
H H
C
H H
C
H H R
H H H
C
H
C
H
C
(CH2 CH2) n R
reduction product