Southern Christian College Poblacion 5, Midsayap, Cotabato Graduate School Basic Social Institution FAMILY The family is widely

considered the first institution, the elementary cell of social life. It is here that mutuality is first experienced and civility is first taught. In other words, the family is the first educational institution. All other institutions build on the familys educational achievements-or must remedy its failures-in evolving the personal foundation of relating to others (mutuality) and to community (civility). The family is also the most elementary mediating structure; its members are the others most likely to rally to ones defense against the state. Moreover, the family, by setting patterns and providing services for its members, reduces the demands on the state-so long as it is functioning well itself.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209 THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES July 6, 1987 TITLE V THE FAMILY Chapter 1. The Family as an Institution Art. 149. The family, being the foundation of the nation, is a basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects. Consequently, family relations are governed by law and no custom, practice or agreement destructive of the family shall be recognized or given effect. Art. 150. Family relations include those: (1) Between husband and wife; (2) Between parents and children; (3) Among brothers and sisters, whether of the full or half-blood. Art. 151. No suit between members of the same family shall prosper unless it should appear from the verified complaint or petition that earnest efforts toward a compromise have been made, but that the same have failed. If it is shown that no such efforts were in fact made, the same case must be dismissed. This rules shall not apply to cases which may not be the subject of compromise under the Civil Code.

Definition: Difficult to define. Means different things to different people. Families come in all shapes and sizes. Families are defined by how they are created. Family of Birth Family by marriage Family a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Has the greatest impact on individual behavior. Family of Orientation family you are born into, gives you ascribed status. Family of Procreation family established upon marriage. Bon Carlo M. Melocoton, CPA, MMPA-2 MMPA 223 Ecology of Fiscal Administration

 Marriage legal union based on mutual rights and obligations. Marriage ceremony signifies legal right of the couple to have off-springs. Creates family of orientation for the children. Functions: Reproductive/Procreates bear children for new generation, society cannot survive. Regulates Sexual Activity teaches children the culture of society. Socialize/Transmits Culture transmit societal culture from one generation to the next. Ascribe Status confer status of class, race, ethnicity, power, prestige, etc on children. Economic Function provides what is needed for survival.

Basic Types: Nuclear Family: - Family structure composed of one or both parents and children Extended Family: - Family structure composed of two or more adult generations who share resources and household. Nuclear or Extended, families behave in similar ways across cultures. Who Inherits? o Who heads the family for purpose of descent? o Who owns the family property? inheritance Patrilineal Descent and inheritance passed through the male line. Matrilineal Descent and inheritance passed through female line. In most societies, three arrangements are used. Bilateral Descent and inheritance passed equally through both parents. Who is in Authority? o Who heads the house for purpose of authority? Patriarchy oldest male in a household has authority. Matriarchy oldest female in the household has authority. Equalitarian/Egalitarian control or authority split equally between husband and wife. Where do Couples Live? o Do newly married couples live with wifes parents? o Do they live with the husbands parents? Patrilocal living with or near husbands parents premodern China Matrilocal living or near wifes parents Nayar caste of S. India. Neolocal couples establish residence on their own away from both Euro American model. Marriage Ceremonies may vary, marriage is a cultural universal. What forms do marriages take? Monogamy a marriage between one man and one woman. Polygamy between one man and more than one woman simultaneously. Polygyny between one man and more than one woman same time. Polyandry between one woman and more than one man at the same time.

Bon Carlo M. Melocoton, CPA, MMPA-2

MMPA 223 Ecology of Fiscal Administration

 Rules of Marriage Exogamy practice of marrying out-side ones group. Incest Taboos norm forbidding marriage between close relatives. Endogamy norm of marrying within ones cultural or racial group. Homogamy tendency to marry someone with similar characteristics. Heterogamy married of people with different characteristics.

The structure of Filipino families is similar to that of many other Asian cultures. Unlike families in the West, Filipinos will have several generations living under the one roof. The benefits of this are that elderly family members are cared for at home rather than being placed in nursing facilities. The children and other younger members of the family benefit in that they are nurtured by their elders and as a result, mature more quickly having had the direct benefit of their elders' wisdom. There is a minimun of financial hardship as all money that comes into the household by those who are employed is shared by the several generations. Some businesses operated by one family will hire other family members or friends, which eases unemployment figures. The large majority of Filipinos are devout Roman Catholics which also brings a sense of unity, commitment and warmth to the household. The one thing that identifies Filipinos as distinctly Asian is the sense of "public shame", as it is seen to bring shame on the whole family, similar to the concept of "losing face" in China and Japan. Always two sides of every story. Filipinos live in a compound with 5 or more neighbors. They are usually related to each other as stated above. Family members even extended family members live in the same compound. There are always jealousies and quarrel among family members. Filipino parents believe in harsh punishment for their kids. This is why a lot of Filipinos don't have self confident. If you break a glass or have had an accident it is always your fault often times they beat their children for they think this is how children learn. Filipino parents are very authoritative and over protected to their kids giving no chance of freewill for their children. This is why it is not uncommon to find naive Filipino, 25 years old and never really experience life. The role of women in a society is still much like Muslim country, they are treated like a second class citizen. A man is the head of the family and manliness is very important in Filipino culture. Usually fathers don't let their wives work because it will make him look bad and it is viewed as unmanly.

-end of discussion-

Bon Carlo M. Melocoton, CPA, MMPA-2

MMPA 223 Ecology of Fiscal Administration