Ateneo de Zamboanga University

College of Nursing

NURSING SKILLS OUTPUT (NSO) Report No. 1

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan

I.

DESCRIPTION

An MRI (or magnetic resonance imaging) scan is a radiology technique that uses magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures. The MRI scanner is a tube surrounded by a giant circular magnet. The image and resolution produced by MRI is quite detailed and can detect tiny changes of structures within the body. For some procedures, contrast agents, such as gadolinium, are used to increase the accuracy of the images. An MRI scan can be used as an extremely accurate method of disease detection throughout the body. In the head, trauma to the brain can be seen as bleeding or swelling. Other abnormalities often found include brain aneurysms, stroke, tumors of the brain, as well as tumors or inflammation of the spine. Neurosurgeons use an MRI scan not only in defining brain anatomy but in evaluating the integrity of the spinal cord after trauma. It is also used when considering problems associated with the vertebrae or intervertebral discs of the spine. An MRI scan can evaluate the structure of the heart and aorta, where it can detect aneurysms or tears. It provides valuable information on glands and organs within the abdomen, and accurate information about the structure of the joints, soft tissues, and bones of the body. Often, surgery can be deferred or more accurately directed after knowing the results of an MRI scan. II. MATERIALS/ EQUIPMENTS NEEDED: Mild sedative MRI Scan machine Blindfold/headset Gown III. PROCEDURE 1. Explain procedure to the client. 2. Ask patient to sign a consent form that says that he/she understands the risks of an MRI and agree to have the test done. 3. Inform patient and family that the study may take 60 to 90 minutes. 4. Inform patient to be in NPO for 6 to 8 hours prior to the examination. 5. Inform patient to remove all jewelries and other metals because these objects may be attracted to the powerful magnet used for the test.
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6. Inform patient to take off all or most of his clothes, depending on which area is examined. Give a gown to use during the test. 7. Patients will be given a sedative medication to decrease anxiety and relax the patient during the MRI scan. 8. Position the patient comfortably in supine position. The patient lies in a closed area inside the magnetic tube. 9. Assist patient to strap his head, chest, and arms to the MRI table to help him remain still. 10. The technician will instruct the patient to take deep breaths at specific intervals. 11. Advise patient to wear a headset and listen to music or to wear a blindfold during the procedure. 12. Occasionally, patients require injections of liquid intravenously to enhance the images which are obtained.

IV.

DIAGRAM/ILLUSTRATIONS

V.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES 1. BEFORE PROCEDURE Inform the patient about the nature and purpose of the procedure used and: The importance of remaining immobile The minimal discomfort to be anticipated during and after the procedure

Assess the patient if: Pregnant Have pieces of metal in body (have a shrapnel or bullet injury or if a welder) Have electronic devices in the body, such as a cardiac pacemaker
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 Wearing any medicine patches. The MRI may cause a burn at the patch site. Assess patients medical history particularly surgery on a blood vessel, kidney problems or sickle cell anemia, that may prevent you from having an MRI. Inform patient to take off all or most of his clothes, depending on which area is examined. Give a gown to use during the test. Inform patient to remove all jewelries and other metals because these objects may be attracted to the powerful magnet used for the test Inform patient not to eat or drink 6-8 hours prior to the examination. Inform patient and family that the examination may take 60-90 minutes. Explain that MRI facilities may induce feelings of claustrophobia and the machine will make a knocking sound during the procedure.

2. DURING PROCEDURE Support and reassure patients safety during the procedure. Assess patients condition. Advise patient to wear a headset and listen to music or to wear a blindfold during the procedure. Occasionally, patients require injections of liquid intravenously to enhance the images which are obtained.

3. AFTER PROCEDURE Reposition patient comfortably in proper position as ordered. Assess for patients condition, especially for claustrophobia. Instruct patient to report any problems, concerns or questions regarding the procedure.

Reference:
http://www.medicinenet.com/mri_scan/page3.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mriscans.html http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri?page=6

JULY 11, 2013 Date

Mrs. Divince O. Ekstrom Clinical Instructor

Mara Angelie S. Palma BSN III-A