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1. What do you understand by discrimination? Cite concrete examples to show discrimination? Discrimination is the inability to treat anyone according to established standards and rules of action. The United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights discuss the need for recognition of the basic human rights to equality regardless of gender, race, religion or creed. A concrete example of discrimination is the case of School segregation which was prevalent in the old times in the United States. There was a case of American negroes who were separated from their Caucasian counterparts even though the facilities provided by the public school system was comparable were deemed to be a violation of the equal educational facilities. Another example is Apartheid which was considered as one of the serious forms of racial discrimination because it deprived individuals of any and all forms of political as well as civil rights. 2. What is the relation of discrimination to equality and dignity of human beings? All human beings possess a default right to existence that is not bound by the nationality or creed that they possess. Discrimination is the antithesis of equality and dignity of human beings because it separates one group from another when in reality there is but one group and that is called the Human Race. 3. Are there provisions in the United Nations Charter dealing on discrimination ? Cite and explain. Article 55 (c) Universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race ,sex ,language or religion. This provision is very broad and admits of some vagueness. First, it does not define what are fundamental freedomes and what is human rights. However, these shortcomings are addressed by the subsequent Conventions of the United Nations such as The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

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4. What is the provision on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on Discrimination? "Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,conscience and religion; this right includes freedome to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private , to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance." Article 1.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 6.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7.

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 12.

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No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 15.

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

5. Cite Provisions of the Philippine constitution prohibiting discrimination. Cite some examples. Art. XIV, Sec. 17 "The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies." An implementation of this provision would be the Ancestral Domain Act which allowed cultural minorities to claim lands which have been tilled by their ancestors since time immemorial. Art. II, Sec. 14 " The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men" this was implemented with the implementation of the Labor Code on Art. 135 which orders the employers not to discriminate on account of sex which includes equal remuneration for work of equal value. 6. What particular groups of persons are usually discriminated against? Why? The groups which belong to the minority are usually discriminated against, or those groups who lack the empowerment to know what their rights are. They are usually the victims of other people because they do not know that they possess these much rights under the law and the universal rule on equality. 7. What is meant by religious discrimination? Give examples. It means that no person shall be forced to act in a manner that is contrary to his own beliefs. He shall not be deprived of his basic human rights on the account of his dissent to a particular norm or belief of others. Men may not be put to the proof of the religious doctrines or beliefs.

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An example of this principle is the NO RELIGIOUS TEST which means that no man shall be required to undergo a religious test before he can exercise civil or political rights.

8. Have you observed in your community any form of discrimination? Cite concrete examples and state why you consider them to be discrimination. Yes, when squatters are deprived of their place of abode. Though they do not own but only possess such titled lands, these individuals still have the right to life and to live peaceably with other men. The deprivation of their place to live is equivalent to slowly killing them and thus one form of discrimination.

9. In what ways are the economically disadvantaged discriminated? Being economically challenged poses some threat to individuals and make them prone to discrimination. For instance, the recent case of farmers in Bukidnon who were granted land certificates for properties under their cultivation were deprived of the same when some investors entered into the picture with the promise of developing the same lands into a golf course and highly industrialized area.