Primary 6 Challenging Mathematics

Lesson 14: CIRCLES AND COMPOSITE FIGURES (PART I)

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Circles And Composite Figures Overview

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What are Circles?

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What are Circles?

A circle is a simple shape consisting of points in a plane which are the same distance from a given point called the centre.

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What are Circles?

A circle is a simple shape consisting of points in a plane which are the same distance from a given point called the centre.

centre

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What is a Radius?
Draw a line from the centre to any point on the edge of the circle. This line is the radius of the circle.

radius radius centre

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What is a Diameter?
Fold the circle into half and you get a line as shown. This line is known as the diameter of the circle.

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diameter

Diameter Versus Radius

Can you see the relationship between radius and diameter? diameter = 2 x radius

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diameter

What is a Circumference?
The circumference of a circle is its perimeter.

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What is a Circumference?
The circumference of any circle is about 3.14 times the diameter. This approximate value , 3.14, is represented by (read as pi).

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What is a Circumference?
is or approximately 3.14. Circumference of a circle = x diameter or 2 x x radius
22 7

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Area of a Circle
If we cut a circle according to the diagram below and rearrange them, we get something that looks like a rectangle.

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Area of a Circle
Thus, area of circle = x radius x radius

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Overview: Example 1
The figure is made up of a rectangle and two semicircles. Find the area of the 22 figure. (Take = 7 )

14 m

20 m

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Overview: Example 1
20 x 14 = 280 m2 Area of rectangle is 280 m2. 7 x 7 = 154 m2 Area of the two semicircles is 154 m2. 280 + 154 = 434 Area of the figure is 434 m2.
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22 x 7

14 m

20 m

Overview: Example 2
The figure is made up of four identical quadrants. Find the area and perimeter of 22 the figure. (Take = 7 )

7 cm
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Overview: Example 2
For one quadrant, 2 area = x 22 x 7 x 7 = 38.5 cm 7 perimeter = 7 + 7 + x 2 x 22 x7 7 or alternatively, = 7 + 7 + 11 = 25 cm Since there are 4 quadrants, area = 38.5 x 4 = 154 cm2 perimeter = 25 x 4 = 100 cm
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area of 4 quadrants = area of 1 circle

7 cm

Circles And Composite Figures

Challenging Word Problems

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 1

The figure is made up of a square and two quadrants. Find the area and perimeter of the shaded part. (Take = 3.14)

12 cm

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 1

Solution: Lets divide the shaded area into half as shown in the diagram below. The area of that shaded region:

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 1

Solution: x 3.14 x 12 x 12 = 113.04 Area of quadrant is 113.04 cm2. x 12 x 12 = 72 Area of triangle is 72 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 1

Solution: 113.04 72 = 41.04.

41.04 x 2 = 82.08
12 cm

Area of shaded region is 82.08 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 1

Solution: For the perimeter, it is formed by 2 times the edge of a quadrant. 2 x x 2 x 3.14 x 12 = 37.68 Perimeter of shaded region is 37.68 cm.
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12 cm

Challenging Word Problem: Example 2

ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. The unshaded parts of the figure are 4 quadrants. What fraction of the square is 22 shaded? (Take = 7 )

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 2

Solution: Note that the 4 quadrants form a circle. 14 x 14 = 196 The area of the square is 196 cm2.
22 7 x

7 x 7 = 154 The area of the 4 quadrants is 154 cm2.

Primary 6 Challenging Mathematics

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 2

Solution: 196 154 = 42 The area of the shaded area is 42 cm2.
3 42 = 196 14

3 14

of the square is shaded.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 3

The figure shows two squares of side 8 cm and 14 cm respectively. Find the area of 22 the shaded part. (Take = 7 )

14 cm 8 cm

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 3

Solution: =
22 x 7

x 14 x 14 = 154 Area of quadrant is 154 cm2. 8 x 8 = 64 Area of smaller square is 64 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 3

Solution: = -

x (14 + 8) x 8 = 88 Area of triangle is 88 cm2. 154 + 64 88 = 130 Area of shaded region is 130 cm2.
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Challenging Word Problem: Example 4

The figure below shows 4 circles each touching the big circle exactly at one point. Given that each small circle has a radius of 7 cm, find the total area of the shaded 22 region. (Take = 7 )

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 4

Solution: Note that the shaded area of the two figures are identical.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 4

Solution: x 22 x 14 x 14 = 308 7 Area of large semicircle is 308 cm2.
22 7

x 7 x 7 = 154

Area of small circle is 154 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 4

Solution: 308 154 = 154 Area of shaded region is 154 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 5

The figure below is made up of circles of 3 different diameters. What fraction of the figure is shaded?

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 5

Solution: Note that the shaded area of the two figures are identical.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 5

Solution: Let radius of smallest circle be 10 cm (or any number you can conveniently choose). x x 40 x 40 = 800 Area of large semicircle is 800 cm2.

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Challenging Word Problem: Example 5

Solution: 4 x x x 10 x 10 = 200 Area of 4 smallest semicircle is 200 cm2. 800 200 = 600 Area of 4 shaded region is 600 cm2.
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Challenging Word Problem: Example 5

Solution: x 40 x 40 = 1600 Area of largest circle is 1600 cm2.
3 600 = 8 1600 3 of the area is shaded. 8

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End

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