كتابة البحوث العلمية ونشرها دولياً

Dr.
Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library 2009
‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬ ‫‪2009‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻴﺲ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻣﻨﻬﻮﺭ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬

Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library 2009
‫ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺒﯿﺔ؟؟؟‬

‫اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺪرب ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ أن‪:‬‬

‫‪ü‬ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ü‬ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ ü‬ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺠﯿﺪ‬
‫‪ü‬ﯾﻘﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ü‬اﺗﻘﺎن ﻣﮭﺎرة اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ü‬ﯾﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫‪ü‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﯾﻘﻊ ﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ اﺧﻄﺎء ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫‪ü‬ادراك اھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون و ﻓﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ و اﺧﻼﻗﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫§‬

‫§ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫§ اﻟﺠﺰاء اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫§ ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫§ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
What is research?
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ واﻟﺴﻌﻰ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫أو ﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
(Oxford English Dictionary, OED )

What are the types of

research Papers:
-Deductive ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁﻰ‬
-Experimental
-Descriptive
-Comparative
Deductive (mathematic) method :‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁﻰ‬

- depends on a certain hypothesis or
theory that should be accepted as it
is and no way to confirm it in the
intended study.
-correctness of the results depends on

that of the theory.

Experimental method : Steps

Problem
Generalization Hypothesis
Theory
Data Analysis Design
Data Collection Measurement

Descriptive method :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻰ‬
-used for determination of the current situation.
-both the qualitative and quantitative methods

should be used in the results.
-used in social sciences.

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ‪Comparative method :‬‬
‫‪*impossible: - plant science,‬‬

‫‪- community attitudes‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪-:‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ ﻓﻰ ادارﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ‪:‬‬

‫وﺻﻔﻰ‪:‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪-‬اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻻدارى‪-‬واﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ‪-‬اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻰ‪:‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻻﻧﻔﺎق‪-‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ‪-‬ﻋﺪد ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮫ ﻋﺪد ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮫ(‬


Components of the research paper
-Title page
-Abstract
-Main Text
-Acknowledgments.
-References.

Title page
contains:
*title
*name(s) of author(s); [first name(s), middle initial (s), last
name(s)]
*highest academic degree (MB. Bch., Master. MD,
PhD…etc)
*name(s) of the department(s) &/or institution.
*name & full address (including phone, mobile, fax & e-
mail) of the corresponding author.
*A running title of maximum 40 characters.
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺠﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫§ ﯾﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬

‫§ أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ) ‪ 15-5‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ (‬
‫§ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات أو ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫§ ﻻ ﯾﺸﺘﺮط أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫§ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ أى ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺺ أو اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎل أو ﯾﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫§ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫أﻧﻤﺎط ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫• وﺻﻔﻲ‬
‫– دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮاﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺸﺎب واﻟﻌﻼج‬

‫ﺑﺎﻷدوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫• اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﻲ‬
‫– اﻟﺘﺪﺧﯿﻦ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬

‫• ﺗﺴﺎؤﻟﻲ‬
‫– ھﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺮض‬
‫‪2009‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ؟‬
‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬
Abstract
-not exceeding 250 words
-contains the following headings; each in a
new paragraph:
*background
*objective (aim, main question, hypothesis)
*Methods:-study design
-type and number of subjects.
-intervention
-type of statistical analysis.
*Results:-outcome -statistical significance.
*Conclusions: supported by data
*Key words: 3-7 separated by semicolons; for indexing.
Main Text
-divided into: introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion.

-sequence of data: should the same in all divisions.
-subheadings: may be included in lengthy papers.
-ethical considerations: “in methods”
-avoid:*repetition of all data displayed in the tables or illustrations
*detailed results in the discussion.
*discussion of data not mentioned in the results
*unsupported conclusions.

Workshop
Which of the followings respects

reality in scientific thinking?
-Group I: Sorry-enough, in the recent
era, the national income from tourism
is lowered with a noticeable degree.
-Group II: It unfavorable to use the
Italian method of registration in the
big companies.
-Group III: The researcher thinks
that the increase in production is
needed to increase reward.
-Group I: mistakes:
*Sorry-enough: internal feelings

*in the recent era: Undetermined
*lowered: Broad
*a noticeable degree terms
Correct:
In the last 10 yrs, the national
income from tourism is lowered with a
30% than the preceding ones (…et al,
2002)
-Group II: mistakes:

*unfavorable: internal feelings
*italian method of registration Broad
terms
*big companies
Correct:
the Italian method of registration
(…et al, 2002), will lead loss of 10%
of the annual income if used in
companies dealing with > 10,000
million $/year (…et al, 2004).
-Group III: mistakes:

*thinks : internal feelings
*increase in production Broad
*increase reward terms
Correct:
The researcher found that the increase
in production by 50% is needed to
increase reward by 10% (---et al,
2003).
Acknowledgments
: to
-funding institutions and organizations
-persons who have made substantial contributions.
References
-consecutive numbering
-Arabic numerals (1,2,3…etc).
-in superscript parenthesis()
-avoid using:*abstracts
*unpublished data.


Publication

•Publishing is:
A mean of communicating your research results
and outcome with the scientific community.
Most common way of communicating the

results of research to other scientists and to
health professionals.
A method of REPORTING RESEARCH

HUMAN COMMINICATION ACTIVITY

What are the ways of

research publication ?

-Conference:-oral presentation or poster,

with a published abstract and post-conference
full text book.
-Peer-reviewed Journal:
-paper
-review article
-Thesis:
-as a part of:-Master
-PhD.
-MD
-Electronic:-

Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby Elsayed Ghanem

Faculty of Law. Tanta University. Egypt
http://dr--mohamed-abd-elnaby.spaces.live.com
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Dr.

Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library 2009

‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻴﺲ‬

‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬

‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺒﯿﺔ؟؟؟‬

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺪرب ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ أن‪:‬‬

‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫§‬

‫§ اﻟﺠﺰاء اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫§ ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ واﻟﺴﻌﻰ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

(Oxford English Dictionary, OED )

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

What are the types of

Deductive (mathematic) method :‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁﻰ‬

-correctness of the results depends on

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

Experimental method : Steps

Data Analysis Design

Data Collection Measurement

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

Descriptive method :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻰ‬

-used for determination of the current situation.

-both the qualitative and quantitative methods

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ‪Comparative method :‬‬

‫‪*impossible: - plant science,‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪-:‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ ﻓﻰ ادارﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ‪:‬‬

‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫§‬

‫§ اﻟﺠﺰاء اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫§ ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬

Components of the research paper

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺠﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫§ ﯾﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬

‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library‬‬

‫أﻧﻤﺎط ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫– دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮاﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺸﺎب واﻟﻌﻼج‬

‫– اﻟﺘﺪﺧﯿﻦ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬

-divided into: introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion.

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

Which of the followings respects

*Sorry-enough: internal feelings

-Group II: mistakes:

-Group III: mistakes:

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫§‬

‫§ اﻟﺠﺰاء اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫§ ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

Most common way of communicating the

A method of REPORTING RESEARCH

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

What are the ways of

2009 Dr. Mohamed AbdElnaby - Library

-Conference:-oral presentation or poster,