CAPE Pure Mathematics Unit 2

Practice Questions
By Carlon R.Baird
MODULE 1: COMPLEX NUMBERS AND CALCULUS II

1. (a) Use de Moivres theorem to prove the trigonometric identity:

7 5 3
cos7 64cos 112cos 56cos 7cos u u u u u +
(b) Use de Moivres theorem to evaluate ( )
8
1 i +
(c) Express
( )
2
cos3 sin3
cos sin
q i q
q i q
+

in the form cos sin kq i kq + where k is an integer to be

determined.

2. If | 6| 2| 6 9 | z z i = + ,
(a) Use an algebraic method to show that the locus of z is a circle, stating its centre and its
radius.
(b) Sketch the locus of z on an Argand diagram.

3. Find
dy
dx
in terms of x and y where
3 3 2
3 6 4 x x y y x + + + = +
4. (a) Find the derivative of the function

1 2
ln( )
( ) cot( ) sin( )cos( ) cos ( ) 9
ln(2 )
x
h x x x x x x
x

= + + +
(b) The curve C has equation
2
cos( )
x
y e x =
i. Show that the stationary points on C occur when tan( ) 2 x =
ii. Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x=0

5. (a) Given that
8
( , , ) 4 cos( ) sin(4 ) tan 0
z
f x y z xyz xy x e xz y = + + + =
i. Determine
x
f ,
y
f ,
z
f
ii. Determine
xy
f ,
yx
f ,
yz
f
(b) Given that
2 4
2 4 18
x
p xv v x
v
= + +
i. Determine
p
v
c
c
and
p
x
c
c

ii. Determine
2
p
x v
c
c c
and
2
p
v x
c
c c

6. (a) Integrate with respect to x
i.
2
10
1
x
x +

ii.
2
15
1
x
x +

iii.
2
2 8
1
x
x
+
+

(b) (i) Express the function
4 3 2
3 2
4 9 17 12
( )
4 4
x x x x
h x
x x x
+ +
=
+
as partial fractions
(ii) Hence, evaluate
4
4 3 2
3 2
3
4 9 17 12
4 4
x x x x
dx
x x x
+ +
+ }

(c) Determine
1
2
1
tan
1
x dx
x

+
+ }

7. Using the substitution sec x u = ,find
2
2
1 1
1
x
dx
x
x x

+

}

8. (a) Show that
4 3
1 (1 ) x x x (


(b) Given that
1
3
0
(1 )
n
n
I x x dx =
}
, show that
1
3
3 2
n n
n
I I
n

=
+

(c) Use your reduction formula to evaluate
4
I .
9. Given that
sin(2 1)
sin( )
m
m x
J dx
x
+
=
}
,
(a) Show that
1
sin2
m m
mx
J J
m

=
(b) Hence find
5
J .
10. Use the trapezium rule using 4 strips to estimate
3
0
1 tan( ) x dx
t
+
}
giving your answer to
3 significant figures.





























By Carlon R. Baird

1. (a) First lets consider
7
(cos sin ) i u u +
Now, by de Moivres theorem

7
7
(cos sin ) cos7 sin7
cos7 sin7 (cos sin )
Using binomial expansion:
i i
i i
u u u u
u u u u
+ +
+ +
7 7 6 7 5 2 7 4 3
1 2 3
7 3 4 7 2 5 7 6 7
4 5 6
7 6 5 2 2 4 3 3
cos7 sin7 cos (cos )( sin ) (cos )( sin ) (cos )( sin )
(cos )( sin ) (cos )( sin ) (cos )( sin ) ( sin )
cos 7(cos )( sin ) 21(cos )( sin ) 35(cos )( sin )
i C i C i C i
C i C i C i i
i i i
u u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u
+ + + +
+ + + +
= + + +
+
3 4 4 2 5 5 6 6 7 7
7 6 5 2 4 3
3 4 2 5 6 7
35(cos )( sin ) 21(cos )( sin ) 7(cos )( sin ) sin
cos 7cos sin 21cos sin 35cos sin
35cos sin 21cos sin 7cos sin sin
i i i i
i i
i i
u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u
+ + +
= +
+ +
Now equating real parts:
7 5 2 3 4 6
7 5 2 3 2 2 2 3
7 5 7 3 2 4
3 3 0 3 2 3 1
0 1 2
cos7 cos 21cos sin 35cos sin 7cos sin
cos 21cos (1 cos ) 35cos (1 cos ) 7cos (1 cos )
cos 21cos 21cos 35cos 1 2cos cos
7cos (1) ( cos ) (1) ( cos ) (1) ( c C C C
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u
u u u u u u
u u u
+
+
( + + +

+ +
2 3 0 3
3
7 5 7 3 5 7
2 4 6
7 5 7 3 5 7 3
5 7
7 7 7
os ) (1) ( cos )
cos 21cos 21cos 35cos 70cos 35cos
7cos 1 3cos 3cos cos
cos 21cos 21cos 35cos 70cos 35cos 7cos 21cos
21cos 7cos
cos 21cos 35cos
C u u
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u u u u u
u u
u u u
( +

+ + +
( +

+ + + +
+
+ + +
7 5 5 5 3
3
7cos 21cos 70cos 21cos 35cos
21cos 7cos
u u u u u
u u
+
+
7 5 3
cos7 64cos 112cos 56cos 7cos u u u u u +


2
(cos3 sin3 )
cos(6 ) sin(6 )
cos sin
cos7 sin7
q i q
q q i q q
q i q
q i q
+
= +

= +
(b)

8
2 2
1
Let ( 1 )
Let 1
( 1) (1) 2
tan 1
tan (1)
4
z i
p i
r p
o
t
o

= +
= +
= = + =
=
= =


arg
4
3
4
p t o
t
t
t
=
=
=

8
8
8
Rewriting in polar form: (cos sin )
3 3
2 cos( ) sin( )
4 4
3 3
2 cos( ) sin( )
4 4
Now applying de Moivre's theorem:
3 3
( 2) (cos(8 ) sin(8 ))
4 4
24 24
16(cos( ) sin( )
4 4
p p r i
p i
z p
z i
z i
z i
u u
t t
t t
t t
t t
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
| |
| |
= +
| |
\ .
\ .
= +
= + )
16(cos(6 ) sin(6 ))
16(1 (0))
16.
z i
z i
z
t t = +
= +
=

(c)

2
(cos3 sin3 ) cos(2(3) ) sin(2(3) )
cos sin cos( ) sin( )
cos6 sin6
cos( ) sin( )
q i q q i q
q i q q i q
q i q
q i q
+ +
=
+
+
=
+

Recall that
1 1
1 2 1 2
2 2
(cos( ) sin( ))
z r
i
z r
u u u u = +


Im z
Re z
arg p
1
1
Recall that cos( ) cos o o =
and sin( ) sin( ) o o =

C(-10,12)
O
12
-10
y
x
7 k =
2. (a)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
6 2 6 9
6 2 6 9
( 6) 2 ( 6) ( 9)
( 6) 2 ( 6) ( 9)
( 6) 4 ( 6) ( 9)
12 36 4 12 36 18 81
12 36 4 48 144 4 72 324
3 60 3 72 432 0
ou
z z i
x iy x iy i
x iy x y i
x y x y
x y x y
x x y x x y y
x x y x x y y
x x y y
= +
+ = + +
+ = + +
+ = + +
( + = + +

( + + = + + + +

+ + = + + + +
+ + + =

2 2
2 2
2 2
t by 3
20 24 144 0
By completing the square
( 10) 100 ( 12) 144 144 0
( 10) ( 12) 100
The locus of z is a circle with radius 10 and centre (-10,12)
x x y y
x y
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + =

(b)

3.
3 3 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
3 6 4
: 3 1 3 3 8
(3 3) 8 1 3
8 1 3

3 3
x x y y x
d dy dy
x y x
dx dx dx
dy
y x x
dx
dy x x
dx y
+ + + = +
+ + + =
+ =

=
+

4. (a)

| | | |
| || | | |
1 2
1 2
2
2 2
ln( )
( ) cot( ) sin( )cos( ) cos ( ) 9
ln(2 )
ln( ) 1
( ) sin( )cos( ) cos ( ) 9
ln(2 ) tan( )
1 2
ln(2 ) ln( )
tan( ) 0 1 sec
2
'( )
(ln(2 )) tan
(cos )(cos ) (sin )(
x
h x x x x x x
x
x
h x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
h x
x x
x x x

= + + +
= + +
( (

( ( (

= +
+
| |
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1
sin ) 18
1
1
(ln(2 ) ln( ))
sec 1
'( ) cos sin 18
ln (2 ) tan
1
2
ln( )
sec 1
= cos sin 18
ln (2 ) tan
1
ln(2) sec 1
'( ) = cos sin 18
ln (2 ) tan
1
x x
x
x x
x
x
h x x x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x x x
x
x
h x x x x
x x x
x
+

= + +

+ +

+ +

(b) i)
2
cos
x
y e x =
| | | |
{ }
{ }
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
cos( ) 2 sin( )
=2 cos( ) sin( )
= 2cos( ) sin( )
At stationary pts. 0
2cos( ) sin( ) 0
0 and 2cos( ) sin( ) 0
2cos( ) sin( ) 0
2cos( ) sin( )

x x
x x
x
x
x
dy
x e e x
dx
e x e x
e x x
dy
dx
e x x
e x x
x x
x x
( ( = +

=
=
= =
=
=
sin( )
2=
cos( )
tan( ) 2
x
x
x =



ii) When 0 x = ,
2(0)
cos(0) 1 y e = =
We have co-ordinates (0,1)

{ }
( )
2(0)
0
1 1
2cos(0) sin(0) 2
Gradient of tangent at x=0 is 2
So equation of tangent : ( )
1 2( 0)
2 1
x
dy
e
dx
y y m x x
y x
y x
=
= =

=
=
= +


5. (a)
8
( , , ) 4 cos( ) sin(4 ) tan( )
z
f x y z xyz xy x e xz y = + + +
i)

| |
8
8
4 (cos )( ) ( )( sin( )) (sin(4 )(0) ( )(4 cos(4 )) 0
4 cos( ) sin( ) 4 cos(4 ).
z
x
z
f yz x y xy x xz e z xz
yz y x xy x ze xz
( = + + + + +

= + +


2
2
4 [( )(0) (cos )( )] 0 sec
4 cos( ) sec
y
f xz xy x x y
xz x x y
= + + + +
= + +


( )( )
8 8
8 8
8
4 0 [ 4 cos(4 ) (sin(4 )(8 )] 0
4 4 cos(4 ) 8 sin(4 )
4 4 ( cos(4 ) sin(4 ))
z z
z
z z
z
f xy e x xz xz e
xy xe xz e xz
xy e x xz xz
= + + + +
= + +
= + +

ii)

4 [ ][ sin( )] [cos( )][1] 0
4 sin( ) cos( )
xy
f z x x x
z x x x
= + + +
= +


| |
4 cos( ) ( )(0) (sin( ))( ) 0
4 cos( ) sin( )
yx
f z x xy x x
z x x x
= + + +
= +


4 0 0
4
yx
f x
x
= + +
=


(b)
2 4
2 4 18
x
p xv v x
v
= + +
i)

2
2
2 2 4 0
4
2 2
p
xv xv
v
x
xv
v

c
= + + +
c
= + +



2 3
2 3
4
0 72
4
72
p
v x
x v
v x
v
c
= + +
c
= +


ii)

2
2
2
4
2 0
4
2
p
v
x v v
v
v
c
= + +
c c
= +


2
2
2
2 4 0
4
2
p
v v
v x
v
v

c
= + +
c c
= +

6 (a) i)

2 2
2
10 2
5
1 1
=5ln 1
x x
dx dx
x x
x c
=
+ +
+ +
} }


ii)
1
2
2
2
15
15 (1 )
1
x
dx x x dx
x

= +
+
} }

Recall that if some function
1
2
2
( ) (1 ) f x x = +

1
2
2
1
2
2
1
'( ) (2 )(1 )
2
'( ) (1 )
f x x x
f x x x

= +
= +

So

1 1
2 2
2 2
1
2
2
15 (1 ) 15 (1 )
15(1 )
x x dx x x dx
x C

+ = +
= + +
} }


iii)
2 2 2
2 8 2 8
1 1 1
x x
dx dx dx
x x x
+
= +
+ + +
} } }


2 2
1 2
1 2
2 4
1 1
2tan ( ) 4ln 1
x
dx dx
x x
x x C

= +
+ +
= + + +
} }


(b) i)
4 3 2
3 2
4 9 17 12
( )
4 4
x x x x
h x
x x x
+ +
=
+

This algebraic fraction is improper so we shall use algebraic long division:

3 2 4 3 2
4 3 2
2
4 4 4 9 17 12
4 4 0
5 17 12
x
x x x x x x x
x x x
x x
+ + +
+ +
+


2
3 2
5 17 12
( )
4 4
x x
h x x
x x x
+
+
+


2
2
2
2
5 17 12
( 4 4)
5 17 12
( 2)
x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x
+
+
+
+
+

Let
2
2
5 17 12
( )
( 2)
x x
q x
x x
+
=

2
2 ( 2)
A B C
x x x
+ +


Multiplying out both sides by
2
( 2) x x gives

2
5 17 12 x x +
2
( 2) ( 2) A x Bx x Cx + +


2 2
Let 0;
5(0) 17(0) 12 (0 2)
4 12
3
x
A
A
A
=
+ =
=
=


2
2 2 2
Comparing terms:
5
5
3 5
2
x
Ax Bx x
A B
B
B
+ =
+ =
+ =
=


Comparing terms:
17 4 2
17 4 2
17 4(3) 2(2)
17 12 4
C= 17 16 1
x
x Ax Bx Cx
A B C
C
C
= +
= +
= +
= +
+ =


2
3 2 1
( )
2 ( 2)
q x
x x x
= +


So ( ) ( ) h x x q x +

2
3 2 1
( )
2 ( 2)
h x x
x x x
+ +




ii) Hence,
4 4
4 3 2
3 2 2
3 3
4 9 17 12 3 2 1
4 4 2 ( 2)
x x x x
dx x dx
x x x x x x
+ +
= + +
+ } }


4 4 4 4
2
3 3 3 3
1 1
3 2 ( 2)
( 2)
x dx dx dx x dx
x x

+ +
} } } }
| | | |
4 4
2 1
4 4
3 3
3 3
2 2 1 1
3 2
( 2)
3 ln 2 ln 2
2 1
4 3 (4 2) (3 2)
3 ln(4) ln(3) 2 ln(4 2) ln(3 2)
2 2 1 1
9 4 1
8 3 ln( ) 2ln(2)
2 3 2
7 4 1
ln( ) ln(2)
2 3 2
64
3 ln( 4)
27
25
3 ln(
x x
x x


( (
( ( = + +
( (

( (
= + + +
( (

( (
= + +
( (

= + +
= +
= +
6
)
27

(c)
1 1
2 2
1 1
tan ( ) tan ( )
1 1
x dx x dx dx
x x

+ = +
+ + } } }


1 1
tan ( ) tan ( ) x dx x

= +
}

Let
1
tan ( ) I x dx

=
}


1
(1)(tan ( )) x dx

=
}

Let
1
tan and 1
dv
u x
dx

= =

2
1
1
du
dx x
=
+
v x =
Using integration by parts:

( )
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 2
1
tan ( ) ( )( )
1
tan ( )
1
1 2
tan ( )
2 1
1
tan ( ) ln | 1 |
2
I x x x dx
x
x
x x dx
x
x
x x dx
x
x x x

=
+
=
+
=
+
= +
}
}
}


1 1 2 1
2
1 1
tan ( ) tan ( ) ln | 1 | tan ( )
1 2
x dx x x x x C
x

+ = + + +
+ }


7.
2
2
1 1
1
x
dx
x
x x

+

}

Using the substitution
1
sec
cos
x u
u
= =

2
2
[cos ][0] [1][ sin ]
cos
sin
cos
sin 1
cos cos
dx
d
u u
u u
u
u
u
u u

=
=
=


tan sec
tan sec
dx
d
dx d
u u
u
u u u
=
=


( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 sec 1
tan sec
sec
1 sec sec 1
1
sec
x
dx d
x
x x
u
u u u
u
u u
u
| |

+ = + |
|

\ .
=
} }
2
2
1
tan tan sec
tan
u u u
u
| |
+
|
\ .
}
( )
2

1
tan tan
tan
1 tan
tan
d
d
u
u u u
u
u
u
| |
= +
|
\ .
+
=
}
tanu
}
2
2

1 tan
sec
tan
d
d
d
C
u
u u
u u
u
= +
=
= +
}
}

Remember in the question that
1
sec
cos
x u
u
= =

1
cos
adj
x hyp
u = =
Now lets apply a little bit of trigonometry:


x
1
A
B
C

By Pythagorass theorem:

2 2 2
2 2
2
1
AB BC AC
BC AB AC
BC x
= +
=
=

So
2
Opp 1
tan
Adj 1
BC x
AC
u

= = =
Now we can replace
2
tan with 1 x u

2
2
2
1 1
1
1
x
dx x C
x
x x

+ = +

}


8 (a) R.T.S.
( )
4 3
1 1 x x x
(



R.H.S.:



(b)
1
3
0
(1 )
n
n
I x x dx =
}

Employing integration by parts:
Let
3
(1 ) and
n
dv
u x x
dx
= =
( )
3 3
4
4
1 1 (1 )

x x x x x
x x x
x
(


+

3 1 2
2 3 1
(1 ) ( 3 )
3 (1 )
n
n
du
n x x
dx
nx x

=
=
and
2
2
x
v =

( ) ( )
1
1
2 2
1
3 2 3
0
0
1
4 3 1
0
1
3 3 1
0
1 1
3 1 3 3 1
0 0
1
(1 ) 3 1
2 2
3
0 (1 )
2
Using the identity in
3
1 (1 ) (1 )
2
3 3
(1 ) (1 ) (1 )
2 2
3 3
2
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
n n
x x
I x nx x dx
n
I x x dx
n
I x x x dx
n n
I x x dx x x x dx
n n
I I

(
| | | |
=
( | |
\ . \ .

= +
( =

=
=
}
}
}
} }
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
(1 )
2
3 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
2 3 3
2 2
(2 3 ) 3
3
3 2

n
n n n
n n n
n n
n
n n
n n
x x dx
n n
I I I
n n
I I I
I nI n
I
n I nI
n
I I
n

=
+ =
+
=
+ =
=
+
}


(c)












1
3 0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
(1 )
(1)
2
1
0
2
1
2
I x x dx
x dx
x
=
=
(
=
(

(
=
(

=
}
}

4
12 9 6 3 1 243

14 11 8 5 2 1540
I = =

4 3
2
2
1
1
0
0
3(4)
3(4) 2
12 3(3)
=
14 3(3) 2
12 9
=
14 11
12 9 3(2)
=
14 11 3(2) 2
12 9 6
=
14 11 8
12 9 6 3(1)
=
14 11 8 3(1) 2
12 9 6 3
=
14 11 8 5
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
=
+
| |
|
+
\ .

| |

|
+
\ .

| |

|
+
\ .

9.
sin((2 1) )

sin( )
m
m x
J dx
x
+
=
}

(a)






Recall: sin( ) sin( ) 2cos sin
2 2
o | o |
o |
+
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .


( )
1
(2 1 2 1) ((2 1) (2 1))
2cos sin
2 2

sin( )
4 2
2cos sin
2 2
=
sin( )
2cos 2 sin( )
=
m m
m m x m m x
J J dx
x
mx x
dx
x
mx x

+ + + | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
=
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
}
}

sin( ) x

=2 cos(2 )
= 2
dx
mx dx
}
}
1
2
sin(2 )
sin(2 )
=

mx
m
mx
m
| |
|
\ .

| |
1
sin (2( 1) 1)
sin((2 1) )

sin( ) sin( )
sin((2 1) ) sin((2 2 1) )

sin( ) sin( )
sin((2 1) ) sin((2 1) )

sin( ) sin( )
sin((2 1) ) sin((2 1) )

sin( )
m m
m x
m x
J J dx
x x
m x m x
dx
x x
m x m x
dx
x x
m x m x
dx
x

+
+
=
+ +
=
+
=
+
=
}
}
}
}
(b)










0
sin(2(0) 1)

sin( )
1
x
J dx
x
dx
x
+
=
=
=
}
}


5
sin(10 ) sin(8 ) sin(6 ) sin(4 ) sin(2 )

5 4 3 2 1
x x x x x
J x C = + + + + + +
10.
3
0
1 tan( ) x dx
t
+
}


0
3
width of strips= where n is the number of strips
4 12
b a
h
n
t
t

= = =

x 0
12
t

6
t

4
t

3
t

y 1 1.126032 1.25593 1.41421 1.65289

Using the trapezium rule:
3
0
1
1 tan( ) (width of strips)(1 height+2(sum of all middle heights)+last height)
2
st
x dx
t
+ ~
}

( )
1
5 4
3
2
1
0
sin(2 )
sin(2(5))
5
sin 2(4)
sin(10 )
5 4
sin(10 ) sin(8 ) sin(2(3) )
5 4 3
sin(10 ) sin(8 ) sin(6 ) sin(2(2) )
5 4 3 2
sin(10 ) sin(8 ) sin(6 ) sin(4 ) sin(2(1) )
5 4 3 2 1
sin(10 ) sin
5
m m
m x
J J
m
x
J J
x
x
J
x x x
J
x x x x
J
x x x x x
J
x

= +
= +
= + +
= + + +
= + + + +
= + + + + +
= +
0
(8 ) sin(6 ) sin(4 ) sin(2 )
4 3 2 1
x x x x
J + + + +

( )
( )
( )
1
1 2(1.126032 1.25593 1.41421) 1.65289
2 12
1 7.592344 1.65289
24
10.245234
24
1.3410979...
1.34 {3 sig. fig}
t
t
t
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
= + +
=
=
=