Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Pусский- Хвала и Поклонение
Pусский- Хвала и Поклонение
3 A?79?=+=3+
EH">@&:,>4,
A@8:@>b`V4<4Fb #@(J
!.9. 4 )0@6F '4:
Gill Ministries
Website: www.gillministries.com
7>4(4 F,D44:
%:"FH\ &,DJ`V,(@.
(7"8 B,D,FH"H\ BD@4(DZ&"H\ 4 >"R"H\ &Z4(DZ&"H\)
O,D8@&\-B@$,*4H,:\.
(A@ 8>4(, ),b>46)
)"DZ F:J0,>4b
(!B@FH@:, BD@D@8, ,&">(,:4FH, B"FH@D, JR4H,:\)
QJ*@ ,&">(,:42<"
(#@046 B:"> *:b <4D")
?$D"2 >@&@(@ H&@D,>4b
(1>"H\, 8H@ &Z &@ MD4FH,)
#@0\, @$,FB,R,>4, 4FP,:,>4b
(A@:JR,>4, 4 >,F,>4, #@0\,6 F4:Z 4FP,:,>4b)
E&,DNX,FH,FH&,>>"b (>,@$Z8>@&,>>"b) 042>\
(? *"D"N E&bH@(@ )JN")
E?)+C/!=3+
12
21
28
37
46
54
61
70
79
88
97
106
116
ID@8 1
M&":" 3 A@8:@>,>4,
%FHJB:,>4,
%,F\ <4D B,D,04&",H F&,0,,, >@&@, *&40,>4, E&bH@(@
)JN". =, H"8 *"&>@ & $@:\T4>FH&, P,D8&,6 B@8:@>,>4,
$Z:@ FJN4< 4 2"J>Z:Z<, 4 B@*>"*@,&T4, B,F>4
>,D,T4H,:\>@ B,:4F\ 42 2"<T,:ZN B,F,>>48@&.
E,(@*>b 0, &@ <>@(4N P,D8&bN <@0>@ >"6H4 &,DJ`V4N,
8@H@DZ, B@`H, N:@B"`H 4 *"0, H">PJ`H & &@FN&":,>44
B,D,* '@FB@*@<. EH@b >" 8@:,>bN F &@2>,F,>>Z<4 8 #@(J
DJ8"<4, F:,2"<4, H,8JV4<4 B@ :4PJ, <>@(4, @VJV"`H
2>"R,>4, 4FH4>>@(@ B@8:@>,>4b, D"FH&@D4&T4F\ & +(@
BD4FJHFH&44 &@ &D,<b B,>4b B,F,> 4 4F8D,>>,(@
B@8:@>,>4b +<J.
%
P,D8@&\
&@2&D"V"`HFb
<>@(4,
<J2Z8":\>Z,
4>FHDJ<,>HZ. ?$V4>J $@:\T, >, *@:0>Z "D"2&:,8"H\"
N@D 4:4 &@8":4FHZ, 8@H@DZ, F"<4 4<,`H >,(:J$@84,
&2"4<@@H>@T,>4b F #@(@<, 7@H@D@(@ &@FB,&"`H. %<,FH@
^H@(@ &,DJ`V4, B@->@&@<J, >,@$ZR>@ RJ&FH&J`H #@0\,
B@<"2">4,.
#@0\b F:"&", BD4N@*b, >"B@:>b,H B@<,V,>4,, 4 +(@ F4:"
>4FN@*4H >" F@$D">4, &@:>" 2" &@:>@6. 7"8 &@ *>4
@F&bV,>4b ND"<" '@FB@*>b >,&@2<@0>@ JFH@bH\ >" >@("N
42-2" @$:"8" +(@ F:"&Z.
%@FN&":,>4, )"&4*@&@
)"&4* $Z: R,:@&,8@<, 8@H@DZ6 2>": 8"8 F:"&4H\ #@(".
AJF8"6 ,(@ F:@&" &@FN&":,>4b BD4&,*JH >"F & P,>HD H@(@,
RH@ *,:",H F,(@*>b )JN E&bH@6 *:b &@2&D"V,>4b 4FH4>>@(@
B@8:@>,>4b & +(@ O,D8@&\.
AF":@< 150:1-6 "M&":4H, #@(" &@ F&bHZ>, +(@; N&":4H,
+(@ >" H&,D*4 F4:Z +(@.
M&":4H, +(@ B@ <@(JV,FH&J +(@, N&":4H, +(@ B@
<>@0,FH&J %,:4R4b +(@. M&":4H, +(@ F@ 2&J8@< HDJ$>Z<,
N&":4H, +(@ >" BF":H4D4 4 (JF:bN. M&":4H, +(@ F
H4<B">@< 4 :48"<4, N&":4H, +(@ >" FHDJ>"N 4 @D(">,.
M&":4H, +(@ >" 2&JR>ZN 84<&":"N, N&":4H, +(@ >"
84<&":"N (D@<@(:"F>ZN.
%F, *ZT"V,, *" N&":4H '@FB@*"! !::4:J4b."
~ 6 ~
~ 8 ~
?R4FH4H\ E,$b
G"8 8"8 <Z >, <@0,< B@8:@>bH\Fb #@(J B@ B:@H4, >"<
&"0>@ @R4FH4H\Fb @H &F,N B:@HF84N <ZF:,6 4 2:", RH@$Z
>"T *JN <@( B@8:@>bH\Fb #@(J +(@ )JN@<.
7@:@FFb>"< 3:5 "3H"8 J<,DH&4H, 2,<>Z, R:,>Z &"T4:
$:J*, >,R4FH@HJ, FHD"FH\, 2:J` B@N@H\ 4 :`$@FHb0">4,,
8@H@D@, ,FH\ 4*@:@F:J0,>4,... ."
7@:@FFb>"< 3:16-17 "E:@&@ MD4FH@&@ *" &F,:b,HFb &
&"F @$4:\>@, F@ &Fb8@` BD,<J*D@FH\`, >"JR"6H, 4
&D"2J<:b6H, *DJ( *DJ(" BF":<"<4, F:"&@F:@&4,< 4
*JN@&>Z<4 B,F>b<4, &@ $:"(@*"H4 &@FB,&"b & F,D*P"N
&"T4N '@FB@*J. 3 &F,, RH@ &Z *,:",H, F:@&@< 4:4 *,:@<,
&F, *,:"6H, &@ 4<b '@FB@*" 34FJF" MD4FH", $:"(@*"Db
RD,2 =,(@ #@(" 4 ?HP"."
=J0>@ @R4FH4H\ F,$b 4 B@8:@>bH\Fb #@(J F R4FHZ<
F,D*P,<. A:@H\ >, <@0,H B@8:@>bH\Fb #@(J. +F:4 <Z
@R4FH4< F,$b @H &F,(@, RH@ >, @H #@(", >4R,(@ >, $J*,H
B@H,Db>@. #J*,H :4T\ *JN >"T, B@8:@>b`V46Fb )JNJ
#@(".
!%C!!; =!S A+C%Y5 AC3;+C
!&D""< A@8:@>b:Fb
A,D&@, $4$:,6F8@, JB@<4>">4, @ B@8:@>,>44 F&b2">@ F
!&D""<@<.
#ZH4, 22:5 "3 F8"2": !&D""< @HD@8"< F&@4<: @FH">\H,F\
&Z 2*,F\ F @F:@<, " b 4 FZ> B@6*,< HJ*" 4 B@8:@>4<Fb,
4 &@2&D"H4<Fb 8 &"<... ."
1"8@> A,D&@(@
IB@<4>">4b
EJV,FH&J,H
BD4>P4B
42JR,>4b
#4$:44,
8@H@DZ6
>"2Z&",HFb "2"8@> B,D&@(@ JB@<4>">4b". ]H@H 2"8@>
JH&,D0*",H, RH@ B,D&@, JB@<4>">4, & #4$:44 @
8"8@<-:4$@ BD,*<,H, *",H bF>@, @BD,*,:,>4, ,(@ 2>"R,>4b
4 2>"R4<@FH4, *"0, ,F:4 ^H@H BD,*<,H &FHD,H4HFb &
#4$:44 ,V, D"2.
%B,D&Z, F:@&@ "B@8:@>,>4," &FHD,R",HFb H@(*", 8@(*"
!&D""< D"2(@&"D4&",H F @HD@8"<4, F 8@H@DZ<4 @> 4 3F""8
T:4 & ;@D4".
]H4<
B,D&Z<
B@8:@>,>4b.
~ 9 ~
JB@<4>">4,<
B@8"2">"
&"0>@FH\
!&D""< A@&4>@&":Fb
?H&,H@< !&D""<" >" #@0\` 2"B@&,*\ $Z:@ B@F:JT">4,.
;Z >, <@0,< BD,*FH"&4H\, R,(@ HD,$@&":@ B@&4>@&,>4,
^H@<J BD48"2J !&D""<J. 3F""8 $Z: @$,V">>Z< FZ>@<.
?> $Z: 4FB@:>,>4,< 2"&,H" #@0\,(@, 2"8:`R,>>@(@ 4<
F !&D""<@<.
#@:\T"b /,DH&"
!8H B@8:@>,>4b & H@ &D,<b $Z: "8H@< BD4>,F,>4b $@:\T@6
0,DH&Z. ]H@H &4* B@8:@>,>4b HD,$@&": @H !&D""<" F"<@(@
*@D@(@(@ 4 F"<@(@ $@:\T@(@ BD4>@T,>4b, 8@H@D@, @>
<@( F@&,DT4H\.
A@8:@>,>4, &F, ,V, <@0,H $ZH\ @*>4< 42 F"<ZN $@:\T4N
0,DH&@BD4>@T,>46.
C4<:b>"< 12:1,2 "3H"8 J<@:b` &"F, $D"H4b,
<4:@F,D*4,< #@044<, BD,*FH"&\H, H,:" &"T4 & 0,DH&J
04&J`, F&bHJ`, $:"(@J(@*>J` #@(J, *:b D"2J<>@(@
F:J0,>4b &"T,(@, 3 >, F@@$D"2J6H,F\ F &,8@< F4<, >@
BD,@$D"2J6H,F\ @$>@&:,>4,< J<" &"T,(@, RH@$Z &"<
B@2>"H\, RH@ (,FH\) &@:b #@04b, $:"("b, J(@*>"b 4
F@&,DT,>>"b."
3FH4>>@, B@8:@>,>4, @2>"R",H B@:>@, @HD,R,>4, @H F,$b
4 B@&@D@H 8 #@(J.
AD@b&:,>4, A@F:JT">4b %,D"
A@8:@>,>4, - ,FH\ &ZD"0,>4, B@F:JT">4b 4 &,DZ.
!&D""<,
>"&,D>b8",
>,
<@(
RJ&FH&@&"H\
F,$b
B@8:@>b`V4<Fb.
=" HD,H46 *,>\ BJH4 8 <,FHJ BD4>,F,>4b 3F""8" & 0,DH&J
!&D""< (@&@D4: @$ ^H@<. 1"<,H\H,, RH@ @> (@&@D4::
"...b 4 FZ>... &@2&D"H4<Fb 8 &"<."
A@F:JT">4, B,D,T:@ & &ZD"0,>4, &,DZ.
A@*R4>4H\ E,$b
E<,DH\ 3F""8" 2>"R4:" $Z F<,DH\ &F,(@, D"*4 R,(@ 04:
!&D""<. 7"0*@, @$,H@&">4, 1"&,H" @F>@&Z&":@F\ >"
D@0*,>44 FZ>". %F,, &@ RH@ @> &,D4: $Z:@ F&b2">@ F
3F""8@<. ]H@ $Z:@ B@:>@, B@*R4>,>4, #@(J.
#:"(@*"Db B@F:JT">4` !&D""<" B@8:@>4H\Fb, #@( @$4H":
N&":, 4 *": @F@$,>>Z6 *"D &,DZ, 8@H@DZ6 &Z>J*4:
~ 10 ~
E&bHZ6,
04&,T\
FD,*4
~ 11 ~
~ 12 ~
ID@8 2
*:b
^H@H
ND"<
N@*4:
~ 14 ~
34FJF.
1*,F\
*,6FH&@&":4
&F,
B,D,>,F,>
B@20,,
F@(:"F>@
#@0\4<
+(@,
N&":4H,
+(@
B@
~ 19 ~
~ 20 ~
%?AC?EY
1. %@ &D,<,>" )"&4*" ,(@ F84>4b $Z:" & *,6FH&4H,:\>@FH4 B":"H8@6. Q,< 0,
b&:b,HFb F84>4b )"&4*" F,(@*>b?
2. 7@(*" P"D\ )"&4* &B,D&Z, BZH":Fb B,D,&,2H4 8@&R,(, @H R,(@ J<,D ?2"?
~ 21 ~
ID@8 3
4
4
Q,D,2 3@">>"
?H8D@&,>4, 19:5 3 (@:@F @H BD,FH@:" 4FT,: (@&@DbV46:
N&":4H, #@(" >"T,(@, &F, D"$Z +(@ 4 $@bV4,Fb +(@,
<":Z, 4 &,:484,.
]H@ N@D@T@
AF":H4D\ 91:2,3 #:"(@ ,FH\ F:"&4H\ '@FB@*" 4 B,H\ 4<,>4
G&@,<J, %F,&ZT>46, &@2&,V"H\ JHD@< <4:@FH\ G&@` 4
4FH4>J G&@` & >@R4,
AF":H4D\ 146:1 M&":4H, '@FB@*", 4$@ $:"(@ B,H\ #@(J
>"T,<J, 4$@ ^H@ F:"*@F>@,- N&":" B@*@$"`V"b.
]H@ AD4:4R>@ AD"&Z<
AF":H4D\ 32:1 C"*J6H,F\, BD"&,*>Z,, @ '@FB@*,: BD"&Z<
BD4:4R>@ F:"&@F:@&4H\.
=,8@H@DZ, $@bHFb &@FN&":bH\ #@(" B@H@<J, RH@ @>4 >,
RJ&FH&J`H, RH@ ^H@ *@FH@6>@. ]H@ BD@H4&@D,R4H F:@&J
#@0\,<J.
2-b O"DFH& 6:14-16,21-23 )"&4* F8"8": 42 &F,6 F4:Z
BD,* '@FB@*@<; @*,H 0, $Z: )"&4* & :\>b>Z6 ,L@*.
G"8 )"&4* 4 &,F\ *@< 32D"4:,& >,F:4 8@&R,( '@FB@*,>\
F &@F8:4P">4b<4 4 2&J8"<4 HDJ$>Z<4.
7@(*" &N@*4: 8@&R,( '@FB@*,>\ & (@D@* )"&4*@&,
;,:N@:", *@R\ E"J:", F<@HD,:" & @8>@, 4, J&4*,& P"Db
)"&4*", F8"RJV,(@ 4 B:bTJV,(@ BD,* '@FB@*@<,
J>4R404:" ,(@ & F,D*P, F&@,<.
3 F8"2": )"&4* ;,:N@:,: BD,* '@FB@*@<, 7@H@DZ6
BD,*B@R,: <,>b @HPJ H&@,<J 4 &F,<J *@<J ,(@, JH&,D*4&
<,>b &@0*,< >"D@*" '@FB@*>b, 32D"4:b,- BD,* '@FB@*@<
4(D"H\ 4 B:bF"H\ $J*J; 3 b ,V, $@:\T, J>4R40JF\,
4 F*,:"`F\ ,V, >4RH@0>,, & (:"2"N <@4N, 4 BD,*
~ 23 ~
E&bHZ6,
04&,T\
FD,*4
'@FB@*@<.
#@(
~ 24 ~
M&":" AD4>@F4H
A@$,*J
2-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 20:21,22 3 F@&,V":Fb @> F
>"D@*@<, 4 B@FH"&4: B,&P@& '@FB@*J, RH@$Z @>4 &
$:"(@:,B44 F&bHZ>4, &ZFHJB"b &B,D,*4 &@@DJ0,>>ZN,
F:"&@F:@&4:4 4 (@&@D4:4: F:"&\H, '@FB@*", 4$@ &@ &,8
<4:@FH\ +(@!
3 & H@ &D,<b, 8"8 @>4 FH":4 &@F8:4P"H\ 4 F:"&@F:@&4H\,
'@FB@*\ &@2$J*4: >,F@(:"F4, <,0*J !<<@>4Hb>"<4,
;@"&4Hb>"<4 4 @$4H"H,:b<4 (@DZ E,4D", BD4T,*T4<4
>" 3J*,`, 4 $Z:4 @>4 B@D"0,>Z.
)"0, & 8"0*@*>,&>ZN 042>,>>ZN $4H&"N N&":" &,*,H 8
B@$,*,.
7G? )?9/+= M%!93G[ '?EA?)!
%Fb8"b B:@H\
AF":H4D\ 144:21 IFH" <@4 42D,8JH N&":J '@FB@*>`,
4 *" $:"(@F:@&:b,H &Fb8"b B:@H\ F&bH@, 4<b +(@ &@ &,84
4 &,84.
AF":H4D\ 148:11-13 O"D4 2,<>Z, 4 &F, >"D@*Z, 8>b2\b
4 &F, FJ*\4 2,<>Z,. _>@T4 4 *,&4PZ, FH"DPZ 4 @HD@84
- )" N&":bH 4<b '@FB@*"; 4$@ 4<b +(@ ,*4>@(@
BD,&@2>,F,>@, F:"&" +(@ - >" 2,<:, 4 >" >,$,F"N.
;@b )JT"
AF":H4D\ 102:1,2 #:"(@F:@&4, *JT" <@b, '@FB@*", 4
&Fb &>JHD,>>@FH\ <@b - F&bH@, 4<b +(@. #:"(@F:@&4,
*JT" <@b, '@FB@*", 4 >, 2"$Z&"6 &F,N $:"(@*,b>46 +(@.
%F, )ZT"V,,
AF":H4D\ 150:6 %F, *ZT"V,, *" N&":4H '@FB@*"!
!::4:J4b.
#@046 ="D@*
AF":H4D\ 66:4,6 )" &@FN&":bH G,$b >"D@*Z, #@0,, *"
&@FN&":bH G,$b >"D@*Z &F,!
)" &@FN&":bH G,$b >"D@*Z, #@0,, *" &@FN&":bH G,$b
>"D@*Z &F,!
AF":H4D\ 77:4 =, F8D@,< @H *,H,6 4N, &@2&,V"b D@*J
(Db*JV,<J F:"&J '@FB@*", 4 F4:J +(@, 4 RJ*,F" +(@,
8@H@DZ, ?> F@H&@D4:.
~ 25 ~
~ 28 ~
ID@8 4
>"*
~ 30 ~
8"8
=,F,H ;4D
3F"4b 60:18 =, F:ZT>@ $J*,H $@:,, >"F4:4b & 2,<:,
H&@,6, @BJFH@T,>4b 4 D"2@D,>4b - & BD,*,:"N H&@4N;
4 $J*,T\ >"2Z&"H\ FH,>Z H&@4 FB"F,>4,< 4 &@D@H" H&@4
- F:"&@`.
32<,>b,H ="F
;Z BD,@$D"2@&">Z & HJ 0, F:"&J, RH@ 4 #@(, 7@H@D@<J
~ 31 ~
B@8:@>b,<Fb.
2-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 3:11,18 3$@, ,F:4 BD,N@*bV,, F:"&>@,
H,< $@:,, F:"&>@ BD,$Z&"`V,,.
;Z 0, &F,, @H8DZHZ< :4P,<, 8"8 & 2,D8":,, &24D"b
>" F:"&J '@FB@*>`, BD,@$D"0",<Fb & H@H 0, @$D"2 @H
F:"&Z & F:"&J, 8"8 @H '@FB@*>b )JN".
1-, 3@">>" 3:1,2 E<@HD4H,, 8"8J` :`$@&\ *": >"<
?H,P, RH@$Z >"< >"2Z&"H\Fb 4 $ZH\ *,H\<4 #@044<4.
;4D B@H@<J >, 2>",H >"F, RH@ >, B@2>": +(@.
%@2:`$:,>>Z,! <Z H,B,D\ *,H4 #@044; >@ ,V, >,
@H8DZ:@F\, RH@ $J*,<. 1>",< H@:\8@, RH@, 8@(*"
@H8D@,HFb, $J*,< B@*@$>Z +<J, B@H@<J RH@ J&4*4< +(@,
8"8 ?> ,FH\.
C!)IaE[ % '?EA?)+
'DJFH>@, 94P@
'DJFH>@, &ZD"0,>4, :4P" - &ZD"0,>4, >,$:"(@*"D>@(@
F,D*P".
=,,<4b 2:1,2 % <,FbP, =4F">,, & *&"*P"HZ6 (@* P"Db
!DH"8F,D8F", $Z:@ B,D,* >4< &4>@. 3 b &2b: &4>@ 4
B@*": P"D`; 4 8"2":@F\, >, $Z: B,R":,> B,D,* >4<.
=@ P"D\ F8"2": <>,: @HR,(@ :4P, J H,$b B,R":\>@? HZ
>, $@:,>, ^H@(@ >,H; " &,D>@, B,R":\ >" F,D*P,? a F4:\>@
4FBJ(":Fb...
7@(*" P"D\ J&4*,: B,R":\ >" :4P, =,,<44, H@H 4FBJ(":Fb.
'DJFH>@, :4P@ <@(:@ @2>"R"H\, RH@ @> >,FR"FH:4& >"
P"DF8@6 F:J0$,, RH@ <@(:@ BD4&,FH4 8 F<,DH4 =,,<44.
#Z:@ $Z @F8@D$:,>4,< BD4N@*4H\ & P"DF8@, BD4FJHFH&4,
F B:@N4< >"FHD@,>4,<.
AD4N@*4H\ & BD4FJHFH&4, #@(" F >,D"*@FH>Z<4 RJ&FH&"<4
2>"R4H, RH@ <Z >,FR"FH:4&Z &F,< H,<, RH@ ?>:
)": >"<
E*,:": *:b >"F
?$,FB,R4: >"<
M@R,H F*,:"H\ *:b >"F
1"B@&,*">@ C"*@&"H\Fb
="< 2"B@&,*">@ D"*@&"H\Fb BD,* '@FB@*@<.
%H@D@2"8@>4, 12:7,11,12 3 ,T\H, H"< BD,* '@FB@*@<,
~ 32 ~
+(@
DJ8@B:,F8"H\ &"<.
?FH">@&4H, C"*@FH\`
E"H">J
QH@ BZH",HFb F*,:"H\ F"H">" B@F:, H@(@, 8"8 E:@&@ $Z:@
B@F,b>@ & >"T4 F,D*P"?
?> >,<,*:,>>@ >"R4>",H 8D"FH\ ,(@ FHD"*">4b<4 4
(@>,>4b<4.
+F:4 <Z >"DJT",< 2"8@> 4 H,Db,< D"*@FH\, H@ B@2&@:b,<
F"H">, J8D"FH\ F,<,>" E:@&", 8@H@D@, $Z:@ B@F,b>@ &
>"T4N F,D*P"N.
;"D8" 4:4,14-17 3 8@(*" F,b:, F:JR4:@F\, RH@ 4>@,
JB":@ BD4 *@D@(,, 4 >":,H,:4 BH4PZ 4 B@8:,&":4 H@;
E,bH,:\ F:@&@ F,,H. A@F,b>>@, BD4 *@D@(, @2>"R",H H,N,
& 8@H@DZN F,,HFb F:@&@, >@ 8 8@H@DZ<, 8@(*" JF:ZT"H,
H@HR"F BD4N@*4H F"H">" 4 B@N4V",H F:@&@, B@F,b>>@,
& F,D*P"N 4N. A@*@$>Z< @$D"2@< 4 B@F,b>>@, >"
8"<,>4FH@< <,FH, @2>"R",H H,N, 8@H@DZ,, 8@(*" JF:ZT"H
F:@&@, H@HR"F F D"*@FH\` BD4>4<"`H ,(@, >@ >, 4<,`H
& F,$, 8@D>b 4 >,B@FH@b>>Z; B@H@<, 8@(*" >"FH">,H
F8@D$\ 4:4 (@>,>4, 2" F:@&@, H@HR"F F@$:"2>b`HFb.
C"*@FH\ AD@42&@*4H
A:@*
E,<b +(@ E:@&" $J*JH & >"F, 4 +(@ D"*@FH\ @FH">,HFb
& >"F.
3@">>" 15:10,11 +F:4 2"B@&,*4 ;@4 F@$:`*",H,,
BD,$J*,H, & :`$&4 ;@,6, 8"8 4 a F@$:`: 2"B@&,*4 ?HP"
;@,(@ 4 BD,$Z&"` & +(@ :`$&4. E4, F8"2": a &"<,
*" D"*@FH\ ;@b & &"F BD,$J*,H 4 D"*@FH\ &"T" $J*,H
F@&,DT,>>".
34FJF F8"2": >"< & E&@,< E:@&,, RH@ +(@ D"*@FH\
@FH">,HFb & >"F. +(@ D"*@FH\ >, &D,<,>>" 4 >, R"FH4R>",
>, 2"&4F4H @H @$FH@bH,:\FH&. ?>" F@&,DT,>>".
+&D,b< 10:32-34 %FB@<>4H, BD,0>4, *>4 &"T4, 8@(*"
&Z, $Z&T4 BD@F&,V,>Z, &Z*,D0":4 &,:4846 B@*&4(
FHD"*">46, H@ F"<4 FD,*4 B@>@T,>46 4 F8@D$,6 F:J0"
2D,:4V,< *:b *DJ(4N, H@ BD4>4<"b JR"FH4, & *DJ(4N,
>"N@*4&T4NFb & H"8@< 0, F@FH@b>44; 4$@ &Z 4 <@4<
J2"< F@FHD"*":4, 4 D"FN4V,>4, 4<,>4b &"T,(@ BD4>b:4
F D"*@FH\`, 2>"b, RH@ ,FH\ J &"F >" >,$,F"N 4<JV,FH&@
:JRT,, 4 >,BD,N@*bV,,.
~ 34 ~
1-,
A,HD"
4:12,13
%@2:`$:,>>Z,!
@(>,>>@(@
4F8JT,>4b, *:b 4FBZH">4b &"< B@FZ:",<@(@, >,
RJ0*"6H,F\, 8"8 BD48:`R,>4b *:b &"F FHD">>@(@, >@
8"8 &Z JR"FH&J,H, & MD4FH@&ZN FHD"*">4bN, D"*J6H,F\,
*" 4 & b&:,>44 F:"&Z +(@ &@2D"*J,H,F\ 4 &@FH@D0,FH&J,H,.
;"HL,b 5:11,12 #:"0,>>Z &Z, 8@(*" $J*JH B@>@F4H\
&"F 4 (>"H\ 4 &FbR,F84 >,BD"&,*>@ 2:@F:@&4H\ 2" ;,>b;
D"*J6H,F\ 4 &,F,:4H,F\, 4$@ &,:48" &"T" >"(D"*" >"
>,$,F"N: H"8 (>":4 4 BD@D@8@&, $Z&T4N BD,0*, &"F.
3@">>" 16:22 G"8 4 &Z H,B,D\ 4<,,H, B,R":\; >@ a
J&40J &"F @BbH\, 4 &@2D"*J,HFb F,D*P, &"T,, 4 D"*@FH4
&"T,6 >48H@ >, @H>4<,H J &"F.
C"*@FH\ AD4>@F4H E4:J
7@(*" <Z D"*J,<Fb 4 &@FN&":b,< #@(", H@ B@:JR",< +(@
F4:J.
=,,<4b 8:10$ ...*,>\ F,6 F&bH '@FB@*J >"T,<J. 3
>, B,R":\H,F\, B@H@<J RH@ D"*@FH\ BD,* '@FB@*@< B@*8D,B:,>4, *:b &"F.
C"*@FH\ AD,&@FN@*4H
1:@
C"*JbF\ <Z B@$,0*",< "2:@(@"(F"H">J).
7@(*" <Z D"*J,<Fb 4 ND">4< F,<b +(@ E:@&", <Z F4:\>Z
4 B@$,0*",< & >"T,6 ND4FH4">F8@6 042>4.
1-, 3@">>" 2:13,14 A4TJ &"< @HPZ, B@H@<J RH@ &Z
B@2>":4 EJV,(@ @H >"R":". A4TJ &"<, `>@T4, B@H@<J
RH@ &Z B@$,*4:4 :J8"&@(@. A4TJ &"<, @HD@84, B@H@<J
RH@ &Z B@2>":4 ?HP". a >"B4F": &"<, @HPZ, B@H@<J
RH@ &Z B@2>":4 #,2>"R":\>@(@. a >"B4F": &"<, `>@T4,
B@H@<J RH@ &Z F4:\>Z, 4 F:@&@ #@04, BD,$Z&",H & &"F,
4 &Z B@$,*4:4 :J8"&@(@.
C"*@FH\ AD4>@F4H
%@FFH">@&:,>4,
+F:4 F"H">" J8D": >"TJ D"*@FH\, 4 <Z B@H,Db:4 F,<,>"
E:@&", *"DZ 4 B@$,*J, <Z <@0,< B@:JR4H\ &F, ^H@
@$D"H>@.
%@2>@Fb (@:@F & D"*@FH4 4 BD,*:"("b BD4>@T,>4, N&":Z
& *@<, '@FB@*>,<, <Z D"2DJT",< B:,>. 3 F"H">" *@:0,>
&,D>JH\ >"< &F, B@N4V,>>@,.
3,D,<4b
33:9-11
~ 35 ~
$J*,H
*:b
;,>b
3,DJF":4<
3. ="2@&4H, *&, &,V4 42 &F,(@ H@(@, RH@ <@0,H F*,:"H\ "D"*@FH\ & '@FB@*,".
~ 36 ~
ID@8 5
="B4T,HFb
B@8:@>,>4,
AD"2*>@&"H\
AD"2*>@&"H\
AF":H4D\ 34:18 a BD@F:"&:` G,$b & F@$D">44 &,:48@<,
FD,*4 >"D@*" <>@(@R4F:,>>@(@ &@FN&":` G,$b.
C"*@&"H\Fb SJ<b
SJ<>@ D"*@&"H\Fb @
AF":H4D\ 106:32 )" BD,&@2>@FbH +(@ & F@$D">44
>"D@*>@<, 4 *" F:"&bH +(@ & F@><, FH"D,6T4>!
~ 37 ~
E:"&4H\
E:"&4H\
AF":H4D\ 63:11 ! BD"&,*>48 &@2&,F,:4HFb @ '@FB@*, 4
$J*,H JB@&"H\ >" =,(@; 4 B@N&":bHFb &F, BD"&Z, F,D*P,<.
E4bH\
E4bH\
3@& 41:10 ?H ,(@ R4N">4b B@8"2Z&",HFb F&,H; (:"2" J
>,(@, 8"8 D,F>4PZ 2"D4.
A@^H@<J 4FH4>>"b N&":" *@:0>" 2&JR"H\ bF>@ 4 @HR,H:4&@.
=, *@:0>@ $ZH\ $,FB@Db*8" & 2"*J<">>@<. ]H@ BD"2*>@&">4,, N&":,>4, '@FB@*@<.
2-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 20:21,22 3 F@&,V":Fb @> F
>"D@*@<, 4 B@FH"&4: B,&P@& '@FB@*J, RH@$Z @>4 &
$:"(@:,B44 F&bHZ>4, &ZFHJB"b &B,D,*4 &@@DJ0,>>ZN,
F:"&@F:@&4:4 4 (@&@D4:4: F:"&\H, '@FB@*", 4$@ &@ &,8
<4:@FH\ +(@!
3 & H@ &D,<b, 8"8 @>4 FH":4 &@F8:4P"H\ 4 F:"&@F:@&4H\,
'@FB@*\ &@2$J*4: >,F@(:"F4, <,0*J !<<@>4Hb>"<4,
;@"&4Hb>"<4 4 @$4H"H,:b<4 (@DZ E,4D", BD4T,*T4<4
>" 3J*,`, 4 $Z:4 @>4 B@D"0,>Z.
G,N4::"N (AD@42&@*>@,
?H M":":)
E:@&@ H,N4::"N *,:",H J*"D,>4, >"
JB@HD,$:b,HFb & %,HN@< 2"&,H, 57 D"2.
B,>44.
?>@
&F,
>"D@*Z,
&F,
>"D@*Z,
1"<"D
1"<"D 2>"R4H:
3(D"H\ =" EHDJ>"N
3(D"H\ >" FHDJ>"N
;@0>@ B,H\ N&":J F "88@<B@>4<,>H@< >" <J2Z8":\>ZN
4>FHDJ<,>H"N.
AF":H4D\ 107:2-4 '@H@&@ F,D*P, <@,, #@0,; $J*J B,H\
4 &@FB,&"H\ &@ F:"&, <@,6. %@FBDb>\, BF":H4D\ 4 (JF:4!
a &FH">J D">@. #J*J F:"&4H\ G,$b, '@FB@*4, <,0*J
>"D@*"<4; $J*J &@FB,&"H\ G,$b FD,*4 B:,<,>.
a*"N 2>"R4H:
~ 39 ~
3FB@&,*">4,
#:"(@*"D>@FH4
AD@42>@F4H\ 4FB@&,*">4, $:"(@*"D>@FH4
AF":H4D\ 108:30 3 b (D@<8@ $J*J JFH"<4 <@4<4 F:"&4H\
'@FB@*" 4 FD,*4 <>@0,FH&" BD@F:"&:bH\ +(@.
AD@Hb>JHZ, CJ84
G"80, <@0>@ &@2*"&"H\
BD@Hb>JHZ<4 DJ8"<4
$:"(@*"D>@FH\
#@(J
~ 40 ~
%"D"8
%"D"8 2>"R4H:
AD,8:@>4H\ 7@:,>"
AD,8:@>4H\Fb & @$@0">44
AF":H4D\ 94:6 AD44*4H,, B@8:@>4<Fb, 4 BD4B"*,<,
BD,8:@>4< 8@:,>" BD,* :4P,< '@FB@*", G&@DP" >"T,(@.
AD,8:@>4H\ 8@:,>" BD,* R,<-:4$@ - 2>"R4H BD@b&4H\
F<4D,>4, 4 B@8"2"H\ BD,&@FN@*FH&@ R,(@-H@.
E9?%? ?A3EY%!_U++ "A?79?=+=3+" % %+GM?; 1!%+G+
):b B,D,&@*" F:@&" "B@8:@>,>4," 4FB@:\2@&":@F\
>,F8@:\8@ ,&D,6F84N F:@&, >@ H@:\8@ @*>@ 4FB@:\2@&":@F\
& %,HN@< 2"&,H,, RH@$Z B,D,&,FH4 F:@&@F@R,H">4,
"B@8:@>,>4, #@(J".
S"R"N
S"R"N 2>"R4H: F8:@>4H\Fb B,D,* #@(@< & B@8:@>,>44
4 @$@0">44. ?>@ &ZD"0":@ H"80, @H>@T,>4, F,D*P",
*"0, ,F:4 F"< R,:@&,8 (H,:@) >, $Z: D"FBD@FH,DH.
AF":H4D\ 94:6 AD44*4H,, B@8:@>4<Fb, 4 BD4B"*,<,
BD,8:@>4< 8@:,>" BD,* :4P,< '@FB@*", G&@DP" >"T,(@.
?G7CYG3a ? M%!9+ 3 A?79?=+=33 31 +%C+5E73M E9?%
%ZD"0,>4,
M&":" - ^H@ L424R,F8@, &ZD"0,>4, *JN@&>@(@ @H>@T,>4b,
&>JHD,>>,(@ @H&,H" F,D*P" >" @H8D@&,>4, #@(" 4 +(@
&,:4R4,.
]H@ R"FH@ 4 L424R,F8@, *,6FH&4, - N&":" b&:b,HFb R,<-H@,
RH@ <Z *,:",<. ?>" &8:`R",H *,:">4, BD,*FH"&:,>4b,
BD"2*>@&">4,, D"*@FH>Z6 TJ<, F:"&J, 4(DJ >"
4>FHDJ<,>H"N, B@*>bH4, DJ8 4 BD,8:@>,>4, 8@:,>.
3FH4>>"b N&":" *@:0>" BD@b&:bH\Fb.
1&J8@&@, %ZD"0,>4,
#@:\T"b R"FH\ N&":Z &8:`R",H &@8":\>@, &ZD"0,>4,.
+&D,6F84, F:@&" @B4FZ&"`H: bF>J` B,F>\ N&":Z,
BD@42>,F,>4, 2&J8@&, N&":,>4,, B,>4,, (D@<846 8D48,
B@$,*@>@F>Z6 8D48 4 &@2*"&">4, 4FB@&,*">4b N&":Z #@(J.
]<@P4@>":\>"b
C"2Db*8"
~ 41 ~
~ 42 ~
&F,
'D@<84, '@:@F"
%@2&ZT,>4, (@:@F@& F $:"(@*"D>@FH\`
9J84 19:37 ! 8@(*" ?> BD4$:424:Fb 8 FBJF8J F (@DZ
+:,@>F8@6, &F, <>@0,FH&@ JR,>48@& >"R":@ & D"*@FH4
&,:,(:"F>@ F:"&4H\ #@(" 2" &F, RJ*,F", 8"84, &4*,:4 @>4.
]B"4>,@
]B"4>,@ 2>"R4H:
?*@$DbH\
?*@$DbH\
1-, A,HD" 1:7 )"$Z 4FBZH">>"b &,D" &"T" @8"2":"F\
*D"(@P,>>,, (4$>JV,(@, N@Hb 4 @(>,< 4FBZHZ&",<@(@
2@:@H", 8 B@N&":, 4 R,FH4 4 F:"&, & b&:,>44 34FJF"
MD4FH".
C,8@<,>*@&"H\
C,8@<,>*@&"H\
+L,Fb>"< 1:6 % B@N&":J F:"&Z $:"(@*"H4 E&@,6, 8@H@DJ`
?> @$:"(@*"HFH&@&": >"F & %@2:`$:,>>@<.
_:@(,@
M@D@T@ (@&@D4H\ @
9J84 1:64 3 H@HR"F D"2D,T4:4F\ JFH" ,(@ 4 b2Z8 ,(@,
4 @> FH": (@&@D4H\, $:"(@F:@&:bb #@(".
~ 43 ~
)@8F"
QJ*,F>Z6
)@8F" $@:\T, @$@2>"R",H "H<@FL,DJ, @$D"2@&">>J`
B@8:@>,>4,<, " >, L424R,F8@, &ZD"0,>4, N&":Z.
3@">>" 9:24" 3H"8 &H@D4R>@ BD42&":4 R,:@&,8", 8@H@DZ6
$Z: F:,B, 4 F8"2":4 ,<J: &@2*"6 F:"&J #@(J...
AD@F8J>,@
E8:@>4H\Fb
AD@F8J>,@ 2>"R4H F8:@>4H\Fb & B@RH,>44.
;"HL,b 2:2 '*, D@*4&T46Fb O"D\ 3J*,6F846? 4$@ <Z
&4*,:4 2&,2*J +(@ >" &@FH@8, 4 BD4T:4 B@8:@>4H\Fb +<J.
?G7CYG3a ? M%!9+ 3 A?79?=+=33 31 'C+Q+E73M E9?%
K424R,F8@, %ZD"0,>4,
M&":" *@:0>" &8:`R"H\ "8H4&>Z, L424R,F84, *,6FH&4b
8"8 &ZD"0,>4, H@(@, RH@ #@( F*,:": *:b >"F. ]H@ :JRT,
&F,(@ @B4FZ&",HFb F:@&@< "BD"2*>@&">4,".
1&J8@&@, %ZD"0,>4,
M&":" *@:0>" &8:`R"H\ @*@$D,>4,, B@F&bV,>4, 4
&ZD"0,>4, >"T4N F,D*,P #@(J, (D@<84<4 (@:@F"<4.
?AC+)+9+=3+ G+C;3=?% M%!9Y 3 A?79?=+=3a
AF":@<
E:@&@ "BF":@<" BD@4FN@*4H @H (D,R,F8@(@ F:@&" "BF":<@F"
4 @$@2>"R",H "FH4N4, F@R:,>,>>Z, *:b B,>4b".
AF":<@F
"AF":<@F" - ^H@ BF":@< F <J2Z8":\>Z< F@BD@&@0*,>4,<.
A,D&@>"R":\>@ @$@2>"R":@ "J*"DbH\ 4:4 B,D,$4D"H\
B":\P"<4 B@ FHDJ>"<", 8"8 >" "DL,.
'4<>
"'4<>" BD@4FN@*4H @H (D,R,F8@(@ F:@&" "(4<>@F",
8@H@D@, @$@2>"R",H "B,F>\ N&":Z #@(J" 4:4 "(4<>,@"
- "B,H\ B,F>\ N&":Z, @$D"V,>>J` 8 #@(J".
)JN@&>"b A,F>b
'D,R,F8@, F:@&@F@R,H">4, "B>,@<"H48@F @*," (*JN@&>"b
B,F>b) @$@2>"R",H: F"<@BD@42&@:\>"b B,F>b >" F:@&" 4
<J2Z8J, *">>Z, & @BD,*,:,>>@, &D,<b E&bHZ< )JN@<.
~ 44 ~
%?AC?EY
1. ="2@&4H, *&" F:@&" 42 %,HN@(@ 2"&,H", 8@H@DZ<4 B,D,&@*4HFb F:@&@ "N&":""
4 *"6H, @BD,*,:,>4, 4N 2>"R,>4` 42 ,&D,6F8@(@ b2Z8".
2. ="2@&4H, *&" F:@&" 42 =@&@(@ 2"&,H" *:b N&":Z. )"6H, 4N 2>"R,>4, 42 (D,R,F8@(@
b2Z8".
~ 45 ~
ID@8 6
~ 46 ~
9`P4L,D E@H&@D,>
):b ;J2Z84
+FH\ N@D@T,, J8"2">4, >" H@, RH@ @*>4< 42 @F>@&>ZN
>"2>"R,>46 9`P4L,D" $Z:" N&":" 4 B@8:@>,>4,.
3,2,844:\ 28:13$ ...&F, 4F8JF>@ JF"0,>>@, J H,$b &
(>,2*ZT8"N 4 >">42">>@, >" H,$,, BD4(@H@&:,>@ $Z:@
& *,>\ F@H&@D,>4b H&@,(@.
9`P4L,D >, BD@FH@ 4(D":, @> $Z: ,*4>FH&,>>Z<. %
*,6FH&4H,:\>@FH4
@>
$Z:
@D8,FHD@<
J*"D>ZN
4>FHDJ<,>H@&, @D(">@&, D@H8@& 4 (@:@F@&.
9`P4L,D $Z: H"8 J8D"T,>, RH@ 8@(*" *&4(":Fb 4:4
*ZT":, $Z:@ >48@(*" >, B,D,FH"`V,,, B@FH@b>>@
42<,>b`V,,Fb 2D,:4V, - & F:"&, F&,H" 4 >,$,F>ZN
<,:@*46.
3F"4b 14:11",12 % BD,4FB@*>`` >42&,D0,>" (@D*Z>b
H&@b F@ &F,< TJ<@< H&@4< ... 8"8 JB": HZ F >,$",
*,>>4P", FZ> 2"D4! D"2$4:Fb @ 2,<:`, B@B4D"&V46
>"D@*Z.
1"<,H\H,, RH@ JB@<4>"`HFb &F, HD4 (:"&>ZN &4*"
<J2Z8":\>ZN 4>FHDJ<,>H@& - J*"D>Z,, *JN@&Z, 4
FHDJ>>Z,.
A@8DZ&":@ HD@>" '@FB@*>,(@ B@<"2">>Z<4 N,DJ&4<"<4
@8"2Z&",HFb B@8DZ&":@< 42 <J2Z84 & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44.
)@:0>@ $ZH\ 9`P4L,D >,BD,FH">>@ DJ8@&@*4: $@:\T4<
">(,:\F84< @D8,FHD@< 4 N@D@< & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44.
9`P4L,D ?FH"&4:
AJFH@HJ
A@F:, B"*,>4b 9`P4L,D" >" >,$, @$D"2@&":"F\ @(D@<>"b
BJFH@H". 7@(*" 9`P4L,D &@FFH": BD@H4& #@(" 4 $Z: 42(>">
F >,$,F, ",(@ ">(,:Z", "HD,H\b R"FH\ >,$,F>ZN 2&,2*
(">(,:@&)", &@FFH"&T4N F >4<, B@84>J:4 >,$@.
3F"4b 14:12 7"8 JB": HZ F >,$", *,>>4P", FZ> 2"D4!
D"2$4:Fb @ 2,<:`, B@B4D"&T46 >"D@*Z.
3,2,844:\ 28:15,16 GZ F@&,DT,> $Z: & BJHbN H&@4N
F@ *>b F@H&@D,>4b H&@,(@, *@8@:, >, >"T:@F\ & H,$,
$,22"8@>4b. ?H @$T4D>@FH4 H@D(@&:4 H&@,6 &>JHD,>>,,
H&@, 4FB@:>4:@F\ >,BD"&*Z, 4 HZ F@(D,T4:; 4 a
>42&,D(>J: H,$b, 8"8 >,R4FH@(@, F (@DZ #@04,6, 42(>":
H,$b, N,DJ&4< @F,>b`V46, 42 FD,*Z @(>4FHZN 8"<>,6.
~ 47 ~
~ 48 ~
E!G!=! 3 ;I1Y7!
9`P4L,D #Z: ':"&>Z<
;J2Z8">H@<
A,D,* F&@4< B"*,>4,< 9`P4L,D $Z: (:"&>Z< <J2Z8">H@<
>" >,$,F"N.
3,2,844:\ 28:13$ ...&F, 4F8JF>@ JF"0,>>@, J H,$b &
(>,2*ZT8"N 4 >">42">>@, >" H,$,, BD4(@H@&:,>@ $Z:@
& *,>\ F@H&@D,>4b H&@,(@.
+(@ *"D <J2Z84 *@:0,> $Z: 4FB@:\2@&"H\Fb *:b N&":Z
#@(J, >@ B@F:, B"*,>4b *"D $Z: 42&D"V,>.
32@$D,H,>Z
3>FHDJ<,>HZ
A@H@<84 7"4>" 42@$D,:4 "4>FHDJ<,>HZ" 4 *:b <J2Z84,
4 *:b &@6>Z.
#ZH4, 4:21,22 3<b $D"HJ ,(@ 3J&":: @> $Z: @H,P &F,N
4(D"`V4N >" (JF:bN 4 F&4D,:4. O4::" H"80, D@*4:"
GJ&":8"4>", 8@H@DZ6 $Z: 8@&"R,< &F,N @DJ*46 42 <,*4
4 0,:,2". 3 F,FHD" GJ&":8"4>" =@,<".
#,FB@Db*@8 % ;J2Z8,
;Z 2>",<, RH@ $,FB@Db*@8 & <J2Z8,,- ^H@ 2>"8 H@(@,
RH@ @>" - F"H">4>F8"b, B@H@<J RH@ F"H">" b&:b,HFb
>"R":\>48@< $,FB@Db*8".
1-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 14:33 A@H@<J RH@ #@( >, ,FH\ #@(
>,JFHD@6FH&", >@ <4D". G"8 $Z&",H &@ &F,N P,D8&"N J
F&bHZN.
1@:@H@6 G,:,P
7@(*" *,H4 32D"4:,&Z F*,:":4 H,:\P" 4 B@8:@>4:4F\ ,<J,
;@4F,6 JF:ZT": 2&J84 $,FB@Db*8", 2>"R,>4, 8@H@DZN
@> >, <@( F>"R":" @BD,*,:4H\.
3FN@* 32:17,18 3 JF:ZT": 34FJF (@:@F >"D@*"
TJ<bV,(@, 4 F8"2": ;@4F,`: &@,>>Z6 8D48 & FH">,.
=@ ;@4F,6 F8"2":: ^H@ >, 8D48 B@$,0*"`V4N 4 >, &@B:\
B@D"0",<ZN; b F:ZTJ (@:@F B@`V4N.
1@:@H@6 3FHJ8">
="&JN@*@>@F@D 4FB@:\2@&": D"2:4R>Z, <J2Z8":\>Z,
4>FHDJ<,>HZ, RH@$Z &Z2&"H\ B@8:@>,>4, 2@:@H@<J
4FHJ8">J, 8@H@D@(@ @> &@2*&4(>J:.
~ 49 ~
~ 52 ~
%?AC?EY
1. 7H@ $Z: F@H&@D,> *:b &,*,>4b B@8:@>,>4b >" >,$,F"N? ?$XbF>4H, F&@6 @H&,H.
~ 53 ~
ID@8 7
~ 54 ~
B,F>\
F4`:
),&@D" 4 %"D"8
),&@D" 4 %"D"8 BD"2*>@&":4 F&@` B@$,*J B,F>,6.
EJ*,6 5:1-3 % H@H *,>\ &@FB,:" ),&@D" 4 %"D"8, FZ>
!&4>@"<@&, F4<4 F:@&"<4:
32D"4:\ @H<V,>, >"D@* B@8"2": D&,>4,; BD@F:"&\H,
'@FB@*"! E:JT"6H,, P"D4, &>4<"6H,, &,:\<@04: b
'@FB@*J, b B@`, $DbP"` '@FB@*J, #@(J 32D"4:,&J.
/,>V4>Z 32D"4:b
32D"4:\F84,
'@:4"L@<.
0,>V4>Z
@H<,R":4
AF":H4D\
12:6$
...&@FB@`
@$:"(@*,H,:\FH&@&"&T,<J <,>b.
'@FB@*J,
AF":<Z
AF":<Z - B@^H4R,F84, B,F>4 42 8>4(4 BF":<@&.
'4<>Z
'4<>J - B,F>4 N&":Z #@(J.
)JN@&>Z, A,F>4
)JN@&>Z, B,F>4 - ^H@ B,F>4, *">>Z, E&bHZ< )JN@<,
8@H@DZ, B@`HFb F"<@BD@42&@:\>@, H"8 8"8 )JN *",H 4
F:@&", 4 <,:@*4`.
?>4 <@(JH $ZH\ 4 >" D@*>@< b2Z8, B@`V,(@, 4 >"
>,2>"8@<@< b2Z8,.
+&D,4
+&D,b< 2:12 "%@2&,VJ 4<b G&@, $D"H4b< ;@4<, B@FD,*4
P,D8&4 &@FB@` G,$b".
':"&>"b O,:\
':"&>"b P,:\ B,>4b - BD@F:"&:bH\ 4 &@2&,:4R4&"H\ #@(".
?>4 >, B,:4 *:b ^LL,8H" 4:4 D"2&:,R,>4b. 3N B,>4,
>, 8@>P,>HD4D@&":@F\ >" R,:@&,8,. ?>@ $Z:@ >"BD"&:,>@
8 #@(J, H@:\8@ *:b +(@ J*@&@:\FH&4b.
)IM?%=?+ %YC!/+=3+ M%!9Y
M&":,>4, #@(" '@:@F@<
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 16:9 A@6H, +<J, $DbP"6H, +<J;
B@&,*"6H, @ &F,N RJ*,F"N +(@...
AF":H4D\ 70:23,24 C"*J`HFb JFH" <@4, 8@(*" b B@`
G,$,, 4 *JT" <@b, 8@H@DJ` GZ 42$"&4:. 3 b2Z8 <@6
&Fb846 *,>\ $J*,H &@2&,V"H\ BD"&*J G&@`; 4$@
B@FHZ0,>Z 4 B@FD"<:,>Z 4VJV4, <>, 2:".
E*,:"6H, F&@,6 BD4&ZR8@6 (@&@D4H\
%@2&,:4R4&"6H, +(@ RJ*,F>Z, *,:".
'@FB@*,.
&F,
>"D@*Z,
~ 59 ~
%?AC?EY
1. AD4&,*4H, BD4<,DZ 42 A4F">4b @ H@<, 8"8 & N&":, 4FB@:\2@&":4F\ <J2Z8":\>Z,
4>FHDJ<,>HZ.
3. AD4&,*4H, BD4<,D H@(@, 8"8 <J2Z8" 4FB@:\2@&":"F\ & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44 &
%,HN@< 2"&,H,.
4. AD4&,*4H, BD4<,D H@(@, 8"8 <J2Z8" 4FB@:\2@&":"F\ & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44 &
=@&@< 2"&,H,.
~ 60 ~
ID@8 8
~ 61 ~
&F,
>"D@*Z,
~ 62 ~
A"*,>4,
A"*,>4, >" B@: &>42 :4P@< - ^H@ &ZD"0,>4,
(:J$@R"6T,(@ J&"0,>4b 4 B@8:@>,>4b, "$F@:`H>@6
B@8@D>@FH4, B@:>@(@ F<4D,>4b F"<@(@ F,$b.
?H8D@&,>4, 5:14 3 R,HZD, 04&@H>ZN (@&@D4:4: "<4>\.
3 *&"*P"H\ R,HZD, FH"DP" B":4 4 B@8:@>4:4F\ /4&JV,<J
&@ &,84 &,8@&.
2-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 5:14 3 >, <@(:4 F&bV,>>484 FH@bH\
>" F:J0,>44 B@ BD4R4>, @$:"8"; B@H@<J RH@ F:"&"
'@FB@*>b >"B@:>4:" *@< #@046.
;@:R">4,
;@:R">4, - <@0,H $ZH\ &ZD"0,>4,< N&":Z.
+88:,F4"FH" 3:7 %D,<b D"2*4D"H\, 4 &D,<b FT4&"H\;
&D,<b <@:R"H\, 4 &D,<b (@&@D4H\...
AF":H4D\ 45:11 ?FH">@&4H,F\ 4 B@2>"6H,, RH@ a #@(:
$J*J BD,&@2>,F,> & >"D@*"N, BD,&@2>,F,> >" 2,<:,.
E:,2Z
E:,2Z R"FH@ b&:b`HFb @H&,H@< >" B,D,04&">4, F4:\>@6
:`$&4 4 #@0\,(@ F@FHD"*">4b.
),b>4b
20:19
C"$@H"b
'@FB@*J
F@
&Fb84<
F<4D,>>@<J*D4,< 4 <>@(4<4 F:,2"<4, FD,*4 4F8JT,>46,
BD48:`R"&T4NFb <>, B@ 2:@J<ZT:,>4b< 3J*,,&...
),b>4b 20:36,37 E8"2"& ^H@, @> BD,8:@>4: 8@:,>" F&@4
4 F@ &F,<4 4<4 B@<@:4:Fb. G@(*" >,<":Z6 B:"R $Z:
J &F,N, 4, B"*"b >" &Z` A"&:", P,:@&":4 ,(@...
E:,2Z, F@BD@&@0*"`V4, N&":J, b&:b`HFb &ZD"0,>4,<
BD,&@2<@("`V,6 $:"(@*"D>@FH4 4 @$@0">4b. ?>4 R"FH@
BD4>@FbH (:J$@8J` ^<@P4@>":\>J` F&@$@*J 4 &>JHD,>>,,
4FP,:,>4,.
9J84 7:37,38 3 &@H, 0,>V4>" H@(@ (@D@*", 8@H@D"b
$Z:" (D,T>4P", J2>"&T4, RH@ ?> &@2:,04H & *@<,
L"D4F,b, BD4>,F:" ":"&"FHD@&Z6 F@FJ* F <4D@<; 4,
FH"&T4 B@2"*4 J >@( +(@ 4 B:"R", >"R":" @:4&"H\ >@(4
+(@ F:,2"<4 4 @H4D"H\ &@:@F"<4 (@:@&Z F&@,6, 4 P,:@&":"
>@(4 +(@, 4 <"2":" <4D@<.
E:,2Z R"FH@ BD,*T,FH&J`H &,:48@6 D"*@FH4 4 B@$,*,.
AF":H4D\ 125:5,6 E,b&T4, F@ F:,2"<4 $J*JH B@04>"H\
F D"*@FH4`. E B:"R,< >,FJV46 F,<,>" &@2&D"H4HFb F
~ 63 ~
3,D,<4b
~ 65 ~
BD@D@R,FH&@&":
(Db*JV,<
&
=,H %@2D"FH>@(@
?(D">4R,>4b
% *JN@&>@< H">P, >,H &@2D"FH>ZN @(D">4R,>46.
"3 `>@T4 4 FH"DPZ &<,FH,"
A,>4, 3 G">PZ
A,>4, 4 H">P,&">4, @R,>\ R"FH@ T:4 &<,FH,.
1-b O"DFH& 29:5 =, H@H :4 ^H@ )"&4*, 8@H@D@<J B,:4
& N@D@&@*"N, (@&@Db: "E"J: B@D"24: HZFbR4, " )"&4*
- *,FbH84 HZFbR"?
%D,<b G">P,&"H\
EJV,FH&J,H
H">P,&"H\.
@BD,*,:,>>@,
&D,<b
*:b
H@(@,
RH@$Z
&
3. E 8"84< L424R,F84< &ZD"0,>4,< N&":Z &Z RJ&FH&J,H, F,$b $@:,, &F,(@ >,J*@$>@?
QH@ @$ ^H@< (@&@D4H E:@&@ #@0\,? M@H4H, :4 &Z F:"&4H\ #@(" H"84< @$D"2@<,
,F:4 ?> B@0,:",H, RH@$Z &Z *,:":4 H"8?
~ 69 ~
ID@8 9
AD,BbHFH&4b M&":,
%F,(*" +FH\ 32&4>,>4b
"a >, N@RJ $ZH\ &B,D,*4 &F,N!"
"a F:4T8@< FH,F>4H,:\>Z6!"
"a >, D"$@H"` >" BJ$:48J."
?*>"8@, N&":" - ^H@ 2"B@&,*\ #@0\b, 4 HJH >,H &,F84N
42&4>,>46!
AF":H4D\ 150:6 %F, *ZT"V,, *" N&":4H '@FB@*"!
!::4:J4b.
AC+AaGEG%3a M%!9+, E 7?G?CY;3 =I/=? C!EAC!%3G[Ea
'D,N D"2DJT",H >"T4 @H>@T,>4b 4 @$V,>4, F #@(@<.
'D,N BD,BbHFH&J,H >"T,<J &N@0*,>4` & BD4FJHFH&4,
#@0\,.
AF":H4D\ 65:18 +F:4 $Z b &4*,: $,22"8@>4, & F,D*P,
<@,<, H@ >, JF:ZT": $Z <,>b '@FB@*\.
3F"4b 59:2 =@ $,22"8@>4b BD@42&,:4 D"2*,:,>4, <,0*J
&"<4 4 #@(@< &"T4<, 4 (D,N4 &"T4 @H&D"V"`H :4P,
+(@ @H &"F, RH@$Z >, F:ZT"H\.
C,T,>4,
?H&,H: 4FB@&,*"H\ >"T (D,N 4:4 (D,N4 4 BD4>bH\ +(@
BD@V,>4,.
1-, 3@">>" 1:9 +F:4 4FB@&,*J,< (D,N4 >"T4, H@ ?>,
$J*JR4 &,D,> 4 BD"&,*,>, BD@FH4H >"< (D,N4 (>"T4)
4 @R4FH4H >"F @H &Fb8@6 >,BD"&*Z.
?FJ0*,>4,
?FJ0*,>4, &@2:"(",HFb >" >"F F"H">@6, " #@(@< >48@(*".
+F:4 <Z B@BD@F4< #@(" @ BD@V,>44, <Z *@:0>Z BD@FH4H\
F,$,.
AD@8:bH4, F"<4N F,$b &Z:4&",HFb &:
QJ&FH&@ >,*@FH@6>@FH4 - 4 <Z N@H4< "8"2>4H\" F,$b
& BD4FJHFH&44 #@0\,<.
;Z >"FH@:\8@ @F@2>",< F&@` >,*@FH@6>@FH\, RH@
~ 70 ~
;Z
C,T,>4,
C4<:b>"< 8:1 3H"8 >,H >Z>, >48"8@(@ @FJ0*,>4b H,<,
8@H@DZ, &@ MD4FH, 34FJF, 04&JH >, B@ B:@H4, >@ B@
*JNJ...
I$,D4H, @H F,$b <ZF:4 4 &@2:@04H, 4N >" 34FJF".
Q,< $@:\T, &D,<,>4 <Z $J*,< *J<"H\ @$ 34FJF,,
H,< $@:\T, $J*,< N@H,H\ F:"&4H\ +(@.
+&D,b< 12:2 %24D"b >" >"R":\>48" 4 F@&,DT4H,:b &,DZ,
34FJF", 7@H@DZ6, &<,FH@ BD,*:,0"&T,6 +<J D"*@FH4,
BD,H,DB,: 8D,FH, BD,>,$D,(T4 B@FD"<:,>4,, 4 &@FF,:
@*,F>J` BD,FH@:" #@0\b.
AD4>"*:,0>@FH\ ;4DJ
="T4 J<Z 4 <ZF:4 >"BD"&:,>Z >" &,V4 42 ^H@(@ <4D".
#@:\T, 0,:"b "*@FH@4>FH&"" 4 "^H48,H"", R,< F:J0,>4b
#@(J & B@8:@>,>44.
C,T,>4,
1-, A,HD" 5:7 %F, 2"$@HZ &"T4 &@2:@04H, >" =,(@,
4$@ ?> B,R,HFb @ &"F.
K4:4BB46P"< 4:8 ="8@>,P, $D"H4b (<@4),
RH@ H@:\8@ 4FH4>>@,
RH@ R,FH>@,
RH@ FBD"&,*:4&@,
RH@ R4FH@,
RH@ :`$,2>@,
RH@ *@FH@F:"&>@,
RH@ H@:\8@ *@$D@*,H,:\ 4 B@N&":",
@ H@< B@<ZT:b6H,.
1-, 3@">>" 2:15 =, :`$4H, <4D", >4 H@(@, RH@ & <4D,:
8H@ :`$4H <4D, & H@< >,H :`$&4 ?HR,6...
C4<:b>"< 12:2 "3 >, F@@$D"2J6H,F\ F &,8@< F4<, >@
BD,@$D"2J6H,F\ @$>@&:,>4,< J<" &"T,(@, RH@$Z &"<
B@2>"H\, RH@ (,FH\) &@:b #@0\b, $:"("b, J(@*>"b 4
F@&,DT,>>"b."
~ 71 ~
#,2D"2:4R4,
C"&>@*JT4, 4:4 $,2D"2:4R4, 8 #@(J R"FH@ BD,BbHFH&J`H
R,:@&,8J &@6H4 & N&":J 4 B@8:@>,>4,.
?H8D@&,>4, 2:4 =@ 4<,` BD@H4& H,$b H@, RH@ HZ @FH"&4:
B,D&J` :`$@&\ H&@`.
C,T,>4,
="FHD@6H, F&@, F,D*P, @$D"H>@ 8 #@(J, & B@:>@<
B@8"b>44, " B@H@<, $J*JR4 B@8@D>Z<, >"R>4H, F:"&4H\
+(@.
;":"N4b 3:7" E@ *>,6 @HP@& &"T4N &Z @HFHJB4:4 @H
JFH"&@& ;@4N 4 >, F@$:`*",H, 4N; @$D"H4H,F\ 8@ ;>,,
4 a @$D"VJF\ 8 &"<, (@&@D4H '@FB@*\ E"&"@L.
%@FFH">4,
%@FFH">4, BD@H4& #@(", D@*4H,:,6 4:4 &:"FH4, 8@H@DJ`
#@( B@FH"&4: & P,D8&4,- @F>@&>@, BD,BbHFH&4, N&":,.
1-b O"DFH& 15:22,23 3 @H&,R": E"<J4:: >,J0,:4
&F,F@00,>4b 4 0,DH&Z FH@:\8@ 0, BD4bH>Z '@FB@*J,
8"8 B@F:JT">4, (:"FJ '@FB@*"? A@F:JT">4, :JRT,
0,DH&Z 4 B@&4>@&,>4, :JRT, HJ8" @&>@&. 3$@
>,B@8@D>@FH\ ,FH\ H"8@6 0, (D,N, RH@ &@:T,$FH&@, 4
BD@H4&:,>4, H@ 0,, RH@ 4*@:@B@8:@>FH&@. 1" H@, RH@
HZ @H&,D( F:@&@ '@FB@*", 4 ?> @H&,D( H,$b, RH@$Z HZ
>, $Z: P"D,<.
C,T,>4,
A@*R4>4H,F\ &:"FH4 4 B@8"6H,F\ & F&@,< "&@FFH">44".
+&D,b< 13:17 A@&4>J6H,F\ >"FH"&>48"< &"T4< 4 $J*\H,
B@8@D>Z, 4$@ @>4 >,JFZB>@ B,8JHFb @ *JT"N &"T4N,
8"8 @$b2">>Z, *"H\ @HR,H; RH@$ @>4 *,:":4 ^H@ F
D"*@FH\`, " >, &@2*ZN"b, 4$@ ^H@ *:b &"F >, B@:,2>@.
IB"*@8 )JN"
;>@(4, :`*4 BD4>@FbH & P,D8@&\ F F@$@6 F&@4 BD@$:,<Z.
%"0>@ B@*(@H@&4H\ F&@4 F,D*P" 8 BD@F:"&:,>4` #@(" B,D,*
H,<, 8"8 4*H4 & P,D8@&\.
2-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 4:8,9 ;Z @H@&F`*J BD4H,F>b,<Z, >@
>, FH,F>,>Z; <Z & @HR"b>>ZN @$FH@bH,:\FH&"N, >@ >,
@HR"4&",<Fb; <Z (@>4<Z, >@ >, @FH"&:,>Z; >42:"(",<Z,
>@ >, B@(4$",<...
C,T,>4,
~ 72 ~
C,T,>4,
AD@FH4H, H,N, 8H@ @$4*,: &"F, 4 >, B@2&@:b6H, (>,&J
@FH"&"H\Fb & &"T,< F,D*P,.
+L,Fb>"< 4:31,32 %Fb8@, D"2*D"0,>4, 4 bD@FH\, 4 (>,&
4 8D48, 4 2:@D,R4, F@ &Fb8@` 2:@$@` *" $J*JH J*":,>Z
@H &"F; >@ $J*\H, *DJ( 8@ *DJ(J *@$DZ, F@FHD"*"H,:\>Z,
BD@V"6H, *DJ( *DJ(", 8"8 4 #@( &@ MD4FH, BD@FH4: &"F.
GD,&@("
GD,&@(" - ^H@ &ZD"0,>4, F@<>,>46 4 >,&,D4b. +F:4 &"T"
(@:@&" B@:>" 2"$@H, H@ >,&@2<@0>@ &@6H4 & N&":J 4
B@8:@>,>4,.
3@">>" 14:27 ;4D @FH"&:b` &"<, <4D ;@6 *"` &"<:
>, H"8, 8"8 <4D *",H, a *"` &"<. )" >, F<JV",HFb
F,D*P, &"T, 4 *" >, JFHD"T",HFb.
C,T,>4,
+F:4 <Z $J*,< F<@HD,H\ >" 34FJF" 4 >" @$,H@&">4b E:@&"
#@0\b 4, &<,FH@ H@(@, RH@$Z B,D,04&"H\ >"R>,< F:"&4H\
+(@ 2" H@, RH@ ?> F*,:":, 4 2" H@, 8,< ?> b&:b,HFb,>"T4 F,D*P" >"B@:>bHFb <4D@< 4 N&":" #@(J $J*,H
4FN@*4H\ 42 >"T4N F,D*,P.
K4:4BB46P"< 4:6,7 =, 2"$@H\H,F\ >4 @ R,<, >@ &F,(*"
& <@:4H&, 4 BD@T,>44 F $:"(@*"D,>4,< @H8DZ&"6H, F&@4
0,:">4b BD,* #@(@<,- 4 <4D #@046, 8@H@DZ6 BD,&ZT,
&Fb8@(@ J<", F@$:`*,H F,D*P" &"T4 4 B@<ZT:,>4b &"T4
&@ MD4FH, 34FJF,.
~ 73 ~
),BD,FF4b
A@2&@:4H\ *JNJ *,BD,FF44 B@$,*4H\ &"F B@ BD4R4>,
042>,>>ZN @$FH@bH,:\FH& 2>"R4H @FH">@&4H\ B@H@8 N&":Z
& F&@,6 042>4.
1-,
A,HD"
4:12,13
%@2:`$:,>>Z,!
@(>,>>@(@
4F8JT,>4b, *:b 4FBZH">4b &"< B@FZ:",<@(@, >,
RJ0*"6H,F\, 8"8 BD48:`R,>4b *:b &"F FHD">>@(@, >@
8"8 &Z JR"FH&J,H, & MD4FH@&ZN FHD"*">4bN, D"*J6H,F\,
*" 4 & b&:,>44 F:"&Z +(@ &@2D"*J,H,F\ 4 &@FH@D0,FH&J,H,.
C,T,>4,
AD4>@Fb 0,DH&J N&":Z, <Z *@:0>Z >"R"H\ D"*@&"H\Fb,
4 $J*JR4 B@8@D>Z #@(J, <Z *@:0>Z >"*,H\ @*,0*Z
N&":Z.
3F"4b 61:3 %@2&,FH4H\ F,HJ`V4< >" E4@>,, RH@ 4<
&<,FH@ B,B:" *"FHFb J8D"T,>4,, &<,FH@ B:"R" - ,:,6
D"*@FH4, &<,FH@ J>Z:@(@ *JN" - F:"&>"b @*,0*"; 4
>"2@&JH 4N F4:\>Z<4 BD"&*@`, >"F"0*,>4,< '@FB@*" &@
F:"&J +(@.
=,&,D>@, A@>4<">4,
#@("
;>@(4, :`*4 4<,`H @HD4P"H,:\>Z, RJ&FH&" @ #@(,.
?>4 *J<"`H, RH@ #@( &F,(*" @FJ0*",H 4N.
)DJ(4, *J<"`H, RH@ #@( >, N@R,H, RH@$Z :`*4 B@:JR":4
J*@&@:\FH&4,.
C,T,>4,
3@">>" 3:16 3$@ H"8 &@2:`$4: #@( <4D, RH@ @H*":
EZ>" E&@,(@ ,*4>@D@*>@(@, *"$Z &Fb846, &,DJ`V46 &
=,(@, >, B@(4$, >@ 4<,: 042>\ &,R>J`.
C4<:b>"< 8:31,32,38,39 QH@ 0, F8"2"H\ >" ^H@? +F:4
#@( 2" >"F, 8H@ BD@H4& >"F? G@H, 7@H@DZ6 EZ>" E&@,(@
>, B@V"*4:, >@ BD,*": +(@ 2" &F,N >"F, 8"8 F =4<
>, *"DJ,H >"< 4 &F,(@?
3$@ b J&,D,>, RH@ >4 F<,DH\, >4 042>\, >4 !>(,:Z,
>4 ="R":", >4 E4:Z, >4 >"FH@bV,,, >4 $J*JV,,, >4
&ZF@H", >4 (:J$4>", >4 *DJ("b 8"8"b H&"D\ >, <@0,H
@H:JR4H\ >"F @H :`$&4 #@04,6 &@ MD4FH, 34FJF,, '@FB@*,
>"T,<.
C,:4(4@2>Z, GD"*4P44
~ 74 ~
(@D*ZN
D,:4(4@2>ZN
:4*,D@&
E&@,(@
~ 75 ~
~ 76 ~
#@(J;
BD@H4&@FH">\H,
=,&,*,>4,
?R,>\ R"FH@ >, (@&@DbH @ &"0>@FH4 N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b
& 042>4 ND4FH4">.
C,T,>4,
C,T,>4,, @R,&4*>@, 42JR"H\, RH@ @$ ^H@< (@&@D4H #@(,
4 ^H@ 8"8 D"2 H@, RH@ <Z F &"<4 F,6R"F *,:",<!
?F4b 4:6 3FHD,$:,> $J*,H >"D@* ;@6 2" >,*@FH"H@8
&,*,>4b: H"8 8"8 HZ @H&,D( &,*,>4,, H@ 4 a @H&,D(>J
H,$b @H F&bV,>>@*,6FH&4b BD,*@ ;>@`; 4 8"8 HZ 2"$Z:
2"8@> #@(" H&@,(@, H@ 4 a 2"$J*J *,H,6 H&@4N.
),6FH&J6H,!
=, C,"(4DJ6H,!
;>@(4, @HD4P"H,:\>@ D,"(4D@&":4 >" H,N, 8H@ $Z:4 "&@
B:@H4" &@ &D,<b N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b. =,8@H@DZN
ND4FH4"> ^H@ @R,>\ F4:\>@ @H&:,8":@. ]H@ FH":@
BD,BbHFH&4,< 4N F&@$@*>@<J BD4F@,*4>,>4` 8@ &F,<
$4$:,6F84< &ZD"0,>4b< N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b.
C,T,>4,
%<,FH@ H@(@, RH@$Z F<@HD,H\ >" *DJ(4N, <Z *@:0>Z
B@FHJB"H\ B@ E:@&J #@0\,<J 4 B@8@D>@ B@FHJB"H\ B@
@H8D@&,>4` +(@ E:@&". ;Z *@:0>Z, 8"8 +(@ *,H4,
F&@$@*>@ &ZD"0"H\ 4F8D,>>`` N&":J 4 >,BD,FH">>@
B@8:@>bH\Fb +<J.
C,"(4D@&"H\ - 2>"R4H $ZH\ @(D">4R,>>Z< R,<-H@, $ZH\
D"$@< D,:4(4@2>ZN HD"*4P46 4 $@b2>4 B,D,* :`*\<4.
),6FH&@&"H\ - 2>"R4H $ZH\ B@:>@FH\` F&@$@*>Z< 4
*,6FH&@&"H\ & )JN, #@04,<.
3@">>" 8:32 3 B@2>",H, 4FH4>J, 4 4FH4>" F*,:",H &"F
F&@$@*>Z<4.
%Z&@*
=,FB@F@$>@FH\ N&":4H\ 4 B@8:@>bH\Fb F&4*,H,:\FH&J,H @$
@F>@&>@6 BD@$:,<,, F 8@H@D@6 >J0>@ D"FBD"&4H\Fb.
3V4H, #@(", B@8" &Z >, $J*,H, 2>"H\ BD@$:,<J, " B@H@<
R,FH>@ D"2$,D4H,F\ F >,6. +F:4 &F, 0, >, F<@0,H,
&@2*"&"H\ #@(J N&":J, B@6*4H, 8 2D,:@<J ND4FH4">4>J
4 B@BD@F4H, ,(@ (,,) B@<@R\ &"<.
~ 77 ~
%?AC?EY
1. ="2@&4H, @*>@ BD,BbHFH&4, N&":, 4 ,(@ D,T,>4, B@ E:@&J #@0\,<J.
2. ="2@&4H, @*>@ BD,BbHFH&4, N&":,, 8"8@, $Z:@ & &"T,6 042>4. 7"8 &Z B@$,*4:4
4:4 *J<",H, B@$,*4H\ ,(@?
~ 78 ~
ID@8 10
~ 80 ~
%F, A@8:@>4:4F\
3 BD,8:@>4:Fb 3@F"L"H :4P,< *@ 2,<:4, 4 &F, 3J*,4
4 04H,:4 3,DJF":4<" B":4 BD,* '@FB@*@<, RH@$Z
B@8:@>4H\Fb '@FB@*J.
A@FH"&:,>>Z, A,&PZ
AD4(@H@&:bbF\ 8 FD"0,>4`, 3@F"L"H B@FH"&4: :`*,6,
RH@$Z @>4 B,:4 4 F:"&4:4 '@FB@*". 3N B@FH"&4:4 &B,D,*4
"D<44!
FH. 21 3 F@&,V":Fb @> F >"D@*@<, 4 B@FH"&4: B,&P@&
'@FB@*J, RH@$Z @>4 & $:"(@:,B44 F&bHZ>4, &ZFHJB"b
&B,D,*4 &@@DJ0,>>ZN, F:"&@F:@&4:4 4 (@&@D4:4: F:"&\H,
'@FB@*", 4$@ &@&,8 <4:@FH\ +(@!
A@$,*"
FH. 22 3 & H@ &D,<b, 8"8 @>4 FH":4 &@F8:4P"H\ 4
F:"&@F:@&4H\, '@FB@*\ &@2$J*4: >,F@(:"F4, <,0*J
!<<@>4Hb>"<4, ;@"&4Hb>"<4 4 @$4H"H,:b<4 (@DZ
E,4D", BD4T,*T4<4 >" 3J*,`, 4 $Z:4 @>4 B@D"0,>Z.
FH. 24-26 3 8@(*" 3J*,4 BD4T:4 >" &@2&ZT,>>@FH\
8 BJFHZ>, 4 &2(:b>J:4 >" H@ <>@(@:`*FH&@, 4 &@H HDJBZ, :,0"V4, >" 2,<:,, 4 >,H JP,:,&T,(@. 3 BD4T,:
3@F"L"H 4 >"D@* ,(@ 2"$4D"H\ *@$ZRJ, 4 >"T:4 J >4N
&@ <>@0,FH&, 4 4<JV,FH&@, 4 @*,0*Z, 4 *D"(@P,>>Z,
&,V4, 4 >"$D":4 F,$, FH@:\8@, RH@ >, <@(:4 >,FH4.
3 HD4 *>b @>4 2"$4D":4 *@$ZRJ; H"8 &,:48" $Z:" @>"!
! & R,H&,DHZ6 *,>\ F@$D":4F\ >" *@:4>J $:"(@F:@&,>4b,
H"8 8"8 H"< @>4 $:"(@F:@&4:4 '@FB@*". A@F,<J 4
>"2Z&"`H H@ <,FH@ *@:4>@6 $:"(@F:@&,>4b *@ F,(@ *>b.
K424R,F8@, E@FH@b>4,
3N "H"8@&":@ <>@0,FH&@ 42 HD,N >"D@*@&.
)JN@&>@, E@FH@b>4,
?>4 2>":4, RH@ F8"2">@ & E:@&, #@0\,<.
?>4 >"R":4 BD4>@F4H\ N&":J >, B@F:, H@(@, 8"8 &D"(
$Z: B@D"0,>, " B@8" @> &F, ,V, @8DJ0": 4N, 4 &F,
&Z(:b*,:@ $,2>"*,0>Z<. ?>4 BD4>,F:4 0,DH&J N&":Z.
C,2J:\H"H
C,2J:\H"H@< $Z:" B@:>"b B@$,*", 4N &D"(4 J$4&":4 *DJ(
*DJ(", 4 3J*,b< *@FH":@F\ <>@(@ *@$ZR4.
S"(4 7 A@$,*,!
~ 82 ~
#4H&"
?H8D@&,>4, 19:6-8 3 F:ZT": b 8"8-$Z (@:@F
<>@(@R4F:,>>@(@ >"D@*", 8"8-$Z TJ< &@* <>@(4N,
8"8-$Z (@:@F (D@<@& F4:\>ZN, (@&@DbV4N: "::4:J4b!
4$@ &@P"D4:Fb '@FB@*\ #@( %F,*,D04H,:\. %@2D"*J,<Fb
4 &@2&,F,:4<Fb 4 &@2*"*4< +<J F:"&J; 4$@ >"FHJB4: $D"8
!(>P", 4 0,>" +(@ BD4(@H@&4:" F,$b. 3 *">@ $Z:@ ,6
@$:,R\Fb & &4FF@> R4FHZ6 4 F&,H:Z6; &4FF@> 0, ,FH\
BD"&,*>@FH\ F&bHZN.
A@8:@>,>4,
E,(@*>b & P,D8@&\ BD4N@*bH >@&Z, N&":" 4 B@8:@>,>4,.
=@&"b N&":" (D,<4H 4 B@N@0" >" <@(JR4, B@H@84 &@*,
@>" 2&JR4H 8"8 (D@< 4 B@$,*@>@F>Z, 8D484. 3 & ^H4N
(D@N@RJV4N 2&J8"N 34FJF, 8@H@DZ6 BD,0*, @H8DZ&":Fb
8"8 !(>,P #@046, F,(@*>b BD,*FH",H 8"8 9,& 8@:,>"
32D"4:,&".
AD,8D"F>Z6 @HDZ&@8 42 19-@6 (:"&Z 8>4(4 ?H8D@&,>4b
@B4FZ&",H 2"8:`R4H,:\>J` $4H&J, 8@(*" F"H">" $J*,H
F&b2"> >" ^H@6 2,<:,.
?H8D@&,>4, 19:10,11 a B": 8 >@("< ,(@, RH@$Z
B@8:@>4H\Fb ,<J; >@ @> F8"2": <>,: F<@HD4, >, *,:"6
F,(@; b F@F:J04H,:\ H,$, 4 $D"H\b< H&@4<, 4<,`V4<
F&4*,H,:\FH&@
34FJF@&@;
#@(J
B@8:@>4F\,
4$@
F&4*,H,:\FH&@ 34FJF@&@ ,FH\ *JN BD@D@R,FH&". 3 J&4*,:
b @H&,DFH@, >,$@, 4 &@H 8@>\ $,:Z6, 4 F4*bV46 >" >,<
>"2Z&",HFb %,D>Z6 4 3FH4>>Z6, 7@H@DZ6 BD"&,*>@ F4*4H
4 &@4>FH&J,H.
% ^H@6 $@:\T@6 *JN@&>@6 &@6>, ,FH\ HD4 &"0>ZN "FB,8H".
A@8:@>,>4,
AD@D@R,FH&@
#4H&"
AD@D@R,FH&@
Q"FH@ & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44 "*JN BD@D@R,FH&"" $J*,H
BD@b&:bH\Fb & "*JN@&>@6 B,F>," &,:48@6 *JN@&>@6 $4H&Z.
7"0*Z6 D"2, 8@(*" ^H@ BD@4FN@*4H, & *JN@&>@< <4D,
&Z4(DZ&"`HFb $@:\T4, $4H&Z. E&b2Z&"`HFb:
CJ8@&@*4H,:4
%:"FH4
~ 84 ~
3 BD"&4H,:4 H\<Z
AF":H4D\ 149:8 ...2"8:`R"H\ P"D,6 4N & J2Z, 4 &,:\<@0
4N & @8@&Z 0,:,2>Z,.
%@6>"
="T @HDZ&@8 42 19-@6 (:"&Z ?H8D@&,>4b BD@*@:0",HFb
H,<, RH@ BD4&@*4H @B4F">4, 34FJF" 4 +(@ F&bHZN,
&@2&D"V"`V4NFb F ^H@6 &,:48@6 $4H&Z HD4J<L" >"*
*\b&@:@< 4 ,(@ $,F@&F84<4 F4:"<4.
?H8D@&,>4, 19:12-16 ?R4 J =,(@ 8"8 B:"<,>\ @(>,>>Z6,
4 >" (@:@&, +(@ <>@(@ *4"*4<; ?> 4<,: 4<b >"B4F">>@,,
8@H@D@(@ >48H@ >, 2>": 8D@<, +(@ E"<@(@; ?> $Z:
@$:,R,> & @*,0*J, @$"(D,>>J` 8D@&4`. 3<b +<J: E:@&@
#@0\,. 3 &@4>FH&" >,$,F>Z, F:,*@&":4 2" =4< >" 8@>bN
$,:ZN, @$:4R,>>Z, & &4FF@> $,:Z6 4 R4FHZ6. 32 JFH
0, +(@ 4FN@*4H @FHDZ6 <,R, RH@$Z 4< B@D"0"H\ >"D@*Z.
?> B"F,H 4N 0,2:@< 0,:,2>Z<; ?> H@BR,H H@R4:@ &4>"
bD@FH4 4 (>,&" #@(" %F,*,D04H,:b. =" @*,0*, 4 >" $,*D,
+(@
>"B4F">@
4<b:
O"D\
P"D,6
4
'@FB@*\
(@FB@*FH&J`V4N.
/+CG%! M%!9Y, AC3=?E3;!a Q+C+1 33EIE!
/,DH&J N&":Z <@0>@ BD4>,FH4 H@:\8@ R,D,2 34FJF".
+&D,b< 13:15 3H"8 $J*,< R,D,2 =,(@ >,BD,FH">>@
BD4>@F4H\ #@(J 0,DH&J N&":Z, H@ ,FH\, B:@* JFH,
BD@F:"&:b`V4N 4<b +(@.
]H@ ,FH\ $:"(@*"D,>4, &@ 4<b +(@ 2" H@, 8,< ?> b&:b,HFb
4 RH@ ?> F*,:":.
+L,Fb>"< 5:20 ...$:"(@*"Db &F,(*" 2" &F, #@(" 4 ?HP",
&@ 4<b '@FB@*" >"T,(@ 34FJF" MD4FH"...
]H@ $:"(@*"D,>4, &@ &F,N @$FH@bH,:\FH&"N, " >, H@:\8@
H@(*", 8@(*" <Z FR4H",< >J0>Z<.
1-, K,FF":@>4846P"< 5:16-18 %F,(*" D"*J6H,F\.
=,BD,FH">>@ <@:4H,F\. 1" &F, $:"(@*"D4H,: 4$@ H"8@&"
@ &"F &@:b #@04b &@ MD4FH, 34FJF,.
;Z <@0,< F*,:"H\ ^H@, 8@(*" B@:>@FH\` @F@2>",<, 8"8
#@( <@0,H F*,:"H\ H"8, RH@$Z &F, & >"T,6 042>4
F@*,6FH&@&":@ 8@ $:"(J.
~ 85 ~
~ 87 ~
ID@8 11
~ 89 ~
~ 90 ~
$Z:4
B@**,D04&"H\
@(@>\
>"
BD4>@T,>4,<.
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 16:29 %@2*"6H, '@FB@*J F:"&J 4<,>4
+(@. %@2\<4H, *"D, 4*4H, BD,* :4P, +(@, B@8:@>4H,F\
'@FB@*J & $:"(@:,B44 F&bHZ>4 +(@.
3FN@* 23:15 ="$:`*"6 BD"2*>48 @BD,F>@8@&: F,<\ *>,6
,T\ BD,F>Z6 N:,$, 8"8 a B@&,:,: H,$,, & >"2>"R,>>@,
&D,<b <,FbP" !&4&"; 4$@ & @>@< HZ &ZT,: 42 +(4BH";
4 BJFH\ >, b&:b`HFb BD,* :4P, ;@, F BJFHZ<4 DJ8"<4.
3FN@* 34:20 A,D&@D@*>@, 42 @F:@& 2"<,>b6 "(>P,<; "
,F:4 >, 2"<,>4T\, H@ &Z8JB4 ,(@. %F,N B,D&,>P,& 42
FZ>@& H&@4N &Z8JB"6. AJFH\ >, b&:b`HFb BD,* :4P,
;@, F BJFHZ<4 DJ8"<4.
%H@D@2"8@>4, 16:17 =@ 8"0*Z6 F *"D@< & DJ8, F&@,6,
F<@HDb B@ $:"(@F:@&,>4` '@FB@*", #@(" H&@,(@, 8"8@,
?> *": H,$,.
AD4>@F4H\ /,DH&Z
?*>@6 42 LJ>8P46 F&bV,>>48@& !"D@>" $Z:@ BD4>,F,>4,
0,DH&. ;Z &F, ,V, *@:0>Z BD4>@F4H\ *JN@&>Z, 0,DH&Z.
1-, A,HD" 2:5 3 F"<4, 8"8 04&Z, 8"<>4, JFHD@b6H,
42 F,$b *@< *JN@&>Z6, F&bV,>FH&@ F&bH@,, RH@$Z
BD4>@F4H\ *JN@&>Z, 0,DH&Z, $:"(@BD4bH>Z, #@(J
34FJF@< MD4FH@<.
+&D,b< 13:15 3H"8 $J*,< RD,2 =,(@ >,BD,FH">>@
BD4>@F4H\ #@(J 0,DH&J N&":Z, H@ ,FH\, B:@* JFH,
BD@F:"&:b`V4N 4<b +(@.
;Z *@:0>Z BD4N@*4H\ F N&":@6, B@8:@>,>4,<,
@$@0">4,<, 4 $:"(@*"D,>4,<, &ZD"0,>4,< >"T,6 N&":Z
& B,F>bN, &,F,:\,< 4 F&@,6 FJV>@FH\`.
~ 93 ~
F&bHZ<4,
B@:>@FH\`
~ 96 ~
ID@8 12
~ 98 ~
Q4FH@, E,D*P,
AF":H4D\ 23:3,4 7H@ &2@6*,H >" (@DJ '@FB@*>`, 4:4
8H@ FH">,H >" F&bH@< <,FH, +(@?
G@H, J 8@H@D@(@ DJ84 >,B@&4>>Z 4 F,D*P, R4FH@, 8H@
>, 8:b:Fb *JT,` F&@,` >"BD"F>@ 4 >, $@04:Fb :@0>@...
=,B@&4>>Z, DJ84 4 R4FH@, F,D*P, B@8"2Z&"`H >"T4
<@H4&Z.
%N@*4< :4 <Z & B@8:@>,>4, *:b H@(@, RH@$Z >"F &4*,:4
*DJ(4,?
A@8:@>b,<Fb :4 <Z *:b H@(@, RH@$Z B@:JR4H\ #@0\,
@*@$D,>4, 4, H"84< @$D"2@<, @H&,H >" H@, RH@ N@H4<?
;Z *@:0>Z BD@&,D4H\ F&@4 <@H4&Z B,D,* #@(@<.
E@8DJT,>>Z6 )JN
AF":H4D\ 50:19 /,DH&" #@(J *JN F@8DJT,>>Z6; F,D*P"
F@8DJT,>>@(@ 4 F<4D,>>@(@ GZ >, BD,2D4T\, #@0,.
G@H F@8DJT,> *JN@<, 8H@ >"JR4:Fb *4FP4B:4>,, H@H,
8H@ B@8@D,> '@FB@*FH&J 34FJF".
GD,B,H>Z6 EHD"N
AF":H4D\ 88:8 EHD"T,> #@( & &,:48@< F@><, F&bHZN,
FHD"T,> ?> *:b &F,N @8DJ0"`V4N +(@.
?H*,:,>>Z, ?H ;4D"
7@:@FFb>"< 1:13 ...42$"&4&T,(@ >"F @H &:"FH4 H\<Z
4 &&,*T,(@ & O"DFH&@ &@2:`$:,>>@(@ EZ>" E&@,(@...
E&bHZ, 3 =,B@D@R>Z,
+&D,b< 12:14 EH"D"6H,F\ 4<,H\ <4D F@ &F,<4 4 F&bH@FH\,
$,2 8@H@D@6 >48H@ >, J&4*4H '@FB@*".
+L,Fb>"< 1:4 G"8-8"8 ?> 42$D": >"F & =,< BD,0*,
F@2*">4b <4D", RH@$Z <Z $Z:4 F&bHZ 4 >,B@D@R>Z BD,*
=4< & :`$&4...
~ 99 ~
~ 100 ~
4
4
~ 104 ~
%?AC?EY
1. %,HN@2"&,H>Z, F&bV,>>484 4<,:4 @BD,*,:,>>Z, @*,0*Z. ?B4T4H, "@*,b>4b"
>@&@&2"&,H>@(@ F&bV,>FH&".
2. 7"84, BD4>@T,>4b <Z *@:0>Z *"&"H\ #@(J 8"8 &,DJ`V4,-F&bV,>>484?
3. ?B4T4H, BD@*&40,>4, &N@0*,>4b & #@0\, BD4FJHFH&4,, 8@H@D@, <Z *@:0>Z
B,D,04H\ & N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>44 8"8 &,DJ`V4,-F&bV,>>484.
~ 105 ~
ID@8 13
>"<,
C"2(:b*,H\
G,R,>4, )JN"
G,<, 8H@ >"N@*4HFb & @*>@< 42 BbH4 F:J0,>46, H"80,
&"0>@ 42$,("H\ H@(@, RH@ @H&:,8",H &>4<">4,, 4
B@:>@FH\` @H*"&"H\ F,$b D"2:4R,>4` B@H@8" 4 *&40,>4b
E&bH@(@ )JN" & 8"0*@< @H*,:\>@< F:J0,>44.
IH&,D0*,>4,
94*,D@& A@8:@>,>4b
;J2Z8">HZ 4 :4*,DZ B@8:@>,>4b *@:0>Z $ZH\ 42$D">Z
FH"D,6T4>"<4 P,D8&4 4 *@:0>Z >,FH4 F:J0,>4, B@* 4N
&:"FH\`. %@2<@0>@ H"80,, RH@$Z N&":J 4 B@8:@>,>4,
&,: B"FH@D, 8H@-H@ 42 BD@D@8@& 4:4 FH"D,6T4>, 4<,`V4N
>J0>Z, *:b ^H@(@ *"DZ.
AD4<,D ^H@<J >"N@*4< & #4$:44, 8@(*" P"D\ )"&4*
B@FH"&4: >,8@H@DZN 42 :,&4H@&, RH@$Z @>4 >,F:4 B,D,*
'@FB@*@< F:J0,>4, <J2Z8">H@&.
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 16:4 3 B@FH"&4: >" F:J0$J BD,*
8@&R,(@< '@FB@*>4< >,8@H@DZN 42 :,&4H@&, RH@$Z @>4
F:"&@F:@&4:4, $:"(@*"D4:4 4 BD,&@2>@F4:4 '@FB@*", #@("
32D"4:,&":
'CIAA! A?79?=+=3a, IG%+C/)+==!a )!%3)?;
#Z:" (DJBB" F:J04H,:,6, JH&,D0*,>>ZN )"&4*@<.
CJ8@&@*4H,:\ A@8:@>,>4b
%:"FH\ DJ8@&@*FH&" $Z:" *">" !F"LJ 8"8 (:"&>@<J
<J2Z8">HJ.
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 16:5 !F"L" (:"&>Z<, &H@DZ< B@
>,< 1"N"D4`, 3,4,:", S,<4D"<@L", 3,N44:",
;"HH"L4`, +:4"&", 4 %">,`, ?&,*-+*@<" 4 3,4,:"
F BF":H4Db<4 4 P4HD"<4, 4 !F"L" *:b 4(DZ >"
84<&":"N...
94*,D M@D"
CJ8@&@*4H,:\ N@D" $Z: H"80, JH&,D0*,>.
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 15:22 ! M,>">4b, >"R":\>48
:,&4H@&, $Z: JR4H,:\ B,>4b, B@H@<J RH@ $Z: 4F8JF,>
& >,<.
~ 107 ~
~ 108 ~
M"D"8H,D4FH484 94*,D@&
A@8:@>,>4b
A@<"2">>Z, #@0\4
G@H, 8H@ DJ8@&@*4H N&":@6 4 B@8:@>,>4,<, *@:0,> $ZH\
B@<"2"> #@(@< *:b ^H@(@ @F@$@(@ 4 &"0>@(@ F:J0,>4b
& P,D8&4. ]H@ *"D 4 BD42&">4, @H E&bH@(@ )JN". +(@
>J0>@ J&"0"H\ 4 D"2&4&"H\.
1-, 3@">>" 2:20,27 %BD@R,<, &Z 4<,,H, B@<"2">4,
@H E&bH@(@ 4 2>",H, &F,.
%BD@R,<, B@<"2">4,, 8@H@D@, &Z B@:JR4:4 @H =,(@, &
&"F BD,$Z&",H, 4 &Z >, 4<,,H, >J0*Z, RH@$Z 8H@ JR4:
&"F; >@ 8"8 F"<@, F4, B@<"2">4, JR4H &"F &F,<J, 4 @>@
4FH4>>@ 4 >,:@0>@, H@, R,<J @>@ >"JR4:@ &"F, & H@<
4 BD,$Z&"6H,.
A@8:@>>48
94*,DZ BD@F:"&:,>4b >, <@(JH &,FH4 :`*,6 HJ*", (*,
@>4 >, $Z:4 F"<4. !8H4&>"b N&":" 4 B@8:@>,>4, *@:0>Z
$ZH\ ,0,*>,&>@6 R"FH\` :4R>@6 042>4 4 BD4&b2">>@FH4
:4*,D".
3@">>" 4:23,24 =@ >"FH">,H &D,<b, 4 >"FH":@ J0,,
8@(*" 4FH4>>Z, B@8:@>>484 $J*JH B@8:@>bH\Fb ?HPJ &
*JN, 4 4FH4>,, 4$@ H"84N B@8:@>>48@& ?H,P 4V,H E,$,:
#@( ,FH\ )JN, 4 B@8:@>b`V4,Fb +<J *@:0>Z B@8:@>bH\Fb
& *JN, 4 4FH4>,.
)JN@&>@ 1D,:Z6
QH@$Z $ZH\ :4*,D@< & H,:, MD4FH@&@<, R,:@&,8 *@:0,>
$ZH\ 2D,:Z< &,DJ`V4<. +(@ 4:4 ,, <J*D@FH\, @BZH 4
4F8JF>@, *JN@&>@, DJ8@&@*FH&@ &*@N>@&bH H,:@ 8 B@:>@<J
JR"FH4`.
+L,Fb>"< 4:12,13 7 F@&,DT,>4` F&bHZN, >" *,:@
F:J0,>4b, *:b F@24*">4b H,:" MD4FH@&", *@8@:, &F,
BD4*,< & ,*4>FH&@ &,DZ 4 B@2>">4b EZ>" #@04b, & <J0"
F@&,DT,>>@(@, & <,DJ B@:>@(@ &@2D"FH" MD4FH@&"...
~ 109 ~
EB@F@$>@FH4
94*,DFH&"
?>4 *@:0>Z J<,H\ B@$J0*"H\ 4 &,FH4 :`*,6.
1-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 11:1 #J*\H, B@*D"0"H,:b<4 <>,, 8"8
b MD4FHJ.
)JN@&>@
QJ&FH&4H,:\>Z6
?>4 *@:0>Z $ZH\ RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z<4, RH@$Z F:,*@&"H\
B@<"2">4` 4 &,*,>4` E&bH@(@ )JN", FH@bH\ >" FH@D@0,
4 $ZH\ RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z<4 8 H@<J, 8"8 D,"(4DJ,H F@$D">4,.
AF":H4D\ 77:72 3 @> B"F 4N & R4FH@H, F,D*P" F&@,(@,
4 DJ8"<4 <J*DZ<4 &@*4: 4N.
% A@*R4>,>44
?>4 *@:0>Z BD42>"&"H\ 4 B@*R4>bH\Fb B"FH@DJ 4 *DJ(4<
*JN@&>Z< FH"D,6T4>"< & P,D8&4.
1-, A,HD" 5:5 G"80, 4 <:"*T4,, B@&4>J6H,F\ B"FH4Db<;
&F,
0,,
B@*R4>bbF\
*DJ(
*DJ(J,
@$:,84H,F\
F<4D,>>@<J*D4,<, B@H@<J RH@ #@( (@D*Z< BD@H4&4HFb,
" F<4D,>>Z< *",H $:"(@*"H\.
Q,:@&,8 Q4FHZ6, Q,FH>Z6
3 E<4D,>>Z6
94*,D B@8:@>,>4b *@:0,> $ZH\ R,:@&,8@< *@8"2">>@(@
N"D"8H,D", R\b :4R>"b 042>\ 4 R,FH>@FH\ - &>, &Fb8@(@
JBD,8". +(@ B@FHJB84, 8"8 F<4D,>>@(@ #@0\,(@ F:J(4,
&F,(*" $J*JH BD4&:,8"H\ &>4<">4, 8 #@(J 4 >48@(*" >,
$J*JH 4F8"H\ F:"&Z *:b >,(@ F"<@(@.
1-, A,HD" 5:6 3H"8 F<4D4H,F\ B@* 8D,B8J` DJ8J #@04`,
*" &@2>,F,H &"F & F&@, &D,<b...
A@F&bV,>>Z6
3 %,D>Z6
)@:0,> $ZH\ &,D>Z< 4 H@R>Z< BD4 4FB@:>,>44 ^H@6,
*">>@6 #@(@<, @H&,HFH&,>>@FH4.
1-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 4:2 ?H *@<@FHD@4H,:,6 0, HD,$J,HFb,
RH@$Z 8"0*Z6 @8"2":Fb &,D>Z<.
~ 110 ~
;I1Y7!=G
32$D">Z 7"8 3F8JF>Z,
;J2Z8">HZ
Q"FH@ <J2Z8">H"<, BD42&">>Z< #@(@< 4(D"H\ >"
@BD,*,:,>>@< 4>FHDJ<,>H, & (DJBB, B@8:@>,>4b, *",HFb
F&,DNX,FH,FH&,>>"b
FB@F@$>@FH\
4(D"H\
>"
^H@<
<J2Z8":\>@< 4>FHDJ<,>H,. ]H@, @*>"8@, >, J<,>\T",H
,(@ @H&,HFH&,>>@FH4, RH@$Z >"JR4H\Fb 4 BD,*">>@
BZH"H\Fb D"2&4&"H\ >,@$N@*4<@, <"FH,DFH&@ - *"$Z
FR4H"H\Fb *@FH@6>Z< F&@,(@ BD42&">4b.
1-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 25:6,7 %F, @>4 B@* DJ8@&@*FH&@<
@HP" F&@,(@ B,:4 & *@<, '@FB@*>,< F 84<&":"<4,
BF":H4Db<4 4 P4HD"<4 & F:J0,>44 & *@<, #@04,<, B@
J8"2">4` P"Db, 4:4 !F"L", 3*4LJ>" 4 +<">" 4 $Z:@
R4F:@ 4N F $D"H\b<4 4N, @$JR,>>Z<4 B,H\ BD,* '@FB@*@<,
&F,N, 2>"`V4N F4, *,:@, *&,FH4 &@F,<\*,FbH &@F,<\.
3>FHDJ<,>HZ
%F, HD4 &4*" <J2Z8":\>ZN 4>FHDJ<,>H@& - FHDJ>>Z,,
*JN@&>Z, 4 J*"D>Z, - 4FB@:\2@&":4F\ & N&":, 4
B@8:@>,>44.
AF":H4D\ 150:3-5 M&":4H, +(@ F@ 2&J8@< HDJ$>Z<,
N&":4H, +(@ >" BF":H4DbN 4 (JF:bN. M&":4H, +(@ F
H4<B">@< 4 :48"<4, N&":4H, +(@ >" FHDJ>"N 4 @D(">,.
M&":4H, +(@ >" 2&JR>ZN 84<&":"N, N&":4H, +(@ >"
84<&":"N (D@<@(:"F>ZN.
?R,>\ <>@(@, *@$"&:,>@ 8 &,HN@2"&,H>@6 N&":, 4
B@8:@>,>4`, @ 8@H@DZN 2"B4F">@ & %,HN@< 2"&,H,, &
@$:"FH4 8"R,FH&": 4FB@:\2J`HFb >@&Z, 4>FHDJ<,>HZ, 4$@
#@( *",H 4N, *",H H":">H 4 <,FH@ *:b 4N 4FB@:\2@&">4b.
94*,D <@0,H *@$"&:bH\ FH@:\8@ 4>FHDJ<,>H@&, F8@:\8@
>,@$N@*4<@ - *:b *@FH40,>4b BD"&4:\>@(@ $":">F" <,0*J
&4*"<4 4 F@@H>@T,>4,< <J2Z8":\>ZN 4>FHDJ<,>H@& 4
D"2<,D@< "J*4H@D44.
+*4>FH&@, '"D<@>4b,
E4:" 1&J8"
;J2Z8">H *@:0,> $ZH\ RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z< 4 &>4<"H,:\>Z<
8 J8"2">4b< :4*,D". ):b H@(@, RH@$Z $ZH\ & ,*4>FH&,,
("D<@>44 4 $":">F, F *DJ(4<4 4>FHDJ<,>H"<4, HD,$J,HFb
<>@(@ BD"8H484.
1&JR">4, 4>FHDJ<,>H@& *@:0>@ B@**,D04&"H\ FH4N4, >,
~ 111 ~
BD4&:,8"b 8 F,$,
B@8:@>b`V4NFb.
&>4<">4b
>,
2"(:JT"b
(@:@F"
QJ&FH&4H,:\>Z6 7 )JNJ
3(D"`V4, *@:0>Z $ZH\ RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z<4 8 *&40,>4`
E&bH@(@ )JN" 8"8 "4F8JF>Z, <J2Z8">HZ". ),:"b H"8,
@>4 <@(JH &ZF&@$@*4H\ BD@b&:,>4, B@<"2">4b #@(" &@
&D,<b N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b.
3(D"`V4, >" <J2Z8":\>ZN 4>FHDJ<,>H"N *@:0>Z $ZH\
RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z<4 8 H,R,>4` <J2Z84 8"8 @*>@ & ("D<@>44
4 ,*4>FH&, 2&J8".
2-b A"D":4B@<,>@> 34:12 9`*4 F44 *,6FH&@&":4 R,FH>@
BD4 D"$@H,; 4 *:b >"*2@D" >"* >4<4 B@FH"&:,>Z $Z:4:
3"N"& 4 ?&"*4b, :,&4HZ 42 FZ>@&,6 ;,D"D4>ZN, 4
1"N"D4b 4 ;,TJ::"< 42 FZ>@&,6 7""L@&ZN, 4 &F,
:,&4HZ, J<,`V4, 4(D"H\ >" <J2Z8":\>ZN @DJ*4bN.
E?#C!=3+
A@:>@FH\` &@6H4 & F:J0,>4, N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b - R,FH\
4 @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\ 8"0*@(@ &,DJ`V,(@.
+&D,b< 2:12 "%@2&,VJ 4<b G&@, $D"H4b< ;@4<, B@FD,*4
P,D8&4 &@FB@` G,$b".
A@*(@H@&8"
7"0*Z6 *@:0,> B@*(@H@&4H\ F&@, F,D*P, 4 >"FHD@4H\Fb
>" N&":J 4 B@8:@>,>4, F BD4N@*@< & P,D8@&\ 4:4 &
F@$D">4, &,DJ`V4N.
?04*">4,
;Z *@:0>Z BD4N@*4H\ >" 8"0*@, F:J0,>4, N&":Z 4
B@8:@>,>4b F @04*">4,< 4 BD,*&8JT,>4,<.
AJ>8HJ":\>Z6
AJ>8HJ":\>@FH\ B@8"2Z&",H >"T, J&"0,>4, 4 :`$@&\ 8
#@(J. ;Z >, *@:0>Z N@H,H\ BD@BJFH4H\ *"0, @*>J <4>JHJ
&D,<,>4, 8@H@D@, BD@&,*,< & +(@ BD4FJHFH&44.
G"8 8"8 FJV,FH&J,H BD@*&40,>4, &@ "&N@0*,>44" @H &@D@H
8 *&@D"< - &>,T>4< 4 &>JHD,>>4<,- H@ <Z <@0,< @HFH"H\
4 >,B@:>@FH\` 4FBZH"H\ 4FH4>>@, B@8:@>,>4,, B@8" >,
BD@6*,< T"( 2" T"(@< & +(@ BD4FJHFH&4,. ;Z *@:0>Z
B:">4D@&"H\ BD4,N"H\ B@D">\T, 4 & <@:4H&, JFB@8@4H\
F&@6 *JN, BD4(@H@&4H\ ,(@ F:J04H\ '@FB@*J & F"<@<
B@:>@< B,D,04&">44 4 &ZD"0,>44 N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b.
~ 112 ~
~ 113 ~
A+=3+ % )IM+
AD4 F:,*@&">44 2" :4*,D@< B@8:@>,>4b 4 &,*,>4,<
E&bH@(@ )JN" <@0,H >"FHJB4H\ &D,<b, 8@(*" N&":" $J*,H
BD@4FN@*4H\ & <J2Z8":\>@< &ZD"0,>44 N&":Z ">"
b2Z8"N". G@(*" <Z F<@0,< F@2>"&"H\, RH@ &<,FH, F >"<4,
B@`V4<4 & *JN,, B@`H 4 ">(,:Z.
1-, 7@D4>Lb>"< 14:15 QH@ 0, *,:"H\? EH">J <@:4H\Fb
*JN@<, FH">J <@:4H\Fb 4 J<@<; $J*J B,H\ *JN@< $J*J
B,H\ 4 J<@<.
7@(*" ^H@ BD@4FN@*4H, @F&@$@*4H,F\ *:b F&@$@*>@(@
(@&@D,>4b >" F&@,< ">,$,F>@< b2Z8,".
)JN E&bH@6 *"FH >, H@:\8@ F:@&", >@ 4 <,:@*4`, ,F:4
<Z $J*,< RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z<4 8 =,<J.
)JN@&>"b A,F>b
#J*\H, RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z 8 E&bH@<J )JNJ. Q"FH@ ?> 0,:",H
*"H\ "*JN@&>J` B,F>`". +F:4 #@( N@R,H H"84< @$D"2@<
F:J04H\ R,D,2 >"F, BD4<4H, B@:>@<@R4b, 8"84, <@0,H
B@HD,$@&"H\ DJ8@&@*FH&@ B,D,* H,<, 8"8 B,H\ ,,.
]H@ <@0,H >"R"H\Fb F b2Z8@&, " B@H@< 4 >" &"T,< D@*>@<
b2Z8,. ]H@ <@0,H BD46H4 8"8 BD@D@R,FH&@. #@( *"FH
F:@&" 4 <,:@*4`. ?R,>\ R"FH@ & H"8@, &D,<b H,:J
MD4FH@&J *"`HFb >@&Z, B,F>4 N&":Z.
+L,Fb>"< 5:19 ="24*"b F"<4N F,$b BF":<"<4
F:"&@F:@&4b<4 4 B,F>@B,>4b<4 *JN@&>Z<4, B@b
&@FB,&"b & F,D*P"N &"T4N '@FB@*J...
4
4
,(@.
I&"0"6H, G4T4>J
=, 8"0*"b B"J2" 4:4 H4T4>" &@ &D,<b N&":Z 4 B@8:@>,>4b
@$b2"H,:\>@ b&:b,HFb F4(>":@< H@(@, RH@ F,6R"F $J*,H
*">@ B@F:">4,. #J*\H, RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z 8 E&bH@<J )JNJ.
;@:R">4,, &@2<@0>@, >"FHJB4:@ B@ BD4R4>, F4:Z
#@0\,(@ BD4FJHFH&4b, & 8@H@D@, <Z &@T:4, 8@(*"
B@8:@>b:4F\ +<J. 1"(@&@D4H\ & ^H@ &D,<b 2>"R4:@ $Z
BD,D&"H\ H@, RH@ #@( N@R,H, RH@$Z BD@42@T:@ & ^H@H
<@<,>H.
!&&"8J< 2:20 ! '@FB@*\ - &@ F&bH@< ND"<, E&@,<: *"
<@:R4H &Fb 2,<:b BD,* :4P,< +(@!
%?AC?EY
1. ?B4T4H, $4$:,6F84, N"D"8H,D4FH484 4 LJ>8P44 :4*,D@& B@8:@>,>4b.
~ 115 ~
ID@8 14
*:b
B,>4b
&
(@:@F@&@<
*@:0>"
<@:4H\Fb
&<,FH,
B,D,*
AC!7G3Q+E73+ E?%+GY
AD@F:"&:b6H, #@("
=, BD4&:,8"6H, &>4<">4b 8 F,$, . %,DJ`V4, BD4N@*bH,
RH@$Z &4*,H\ 34FJF" 4 B@8:@>bH\Fb +<J 4 ?HPJ.
;"HL,b 17:8 %@2&,*T4 0, @R4 F&@4, @>4 >48@(@ >,
J&4*,:4, 8D@<, @*>@(@ 34FJF".
#J*\H, QJ&FH&4H,:\>Z
%"0>@, RH@$Z :4*,D $Z: RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z6 8@ &F,<J, RH@
BD@4FN@*4H &@ &D,<b F:J0,>4b.
7 #@(J 4 &,*,>4` +(@ E&bH@(@ )JN"
7 :4*,D"< F:J0,>4b B@8:@>,>4b
7 <J2Z8">H"<
7 <J*D@FH4 4 DJ8@&@*FH&J FH"D,6T4>
7@ &F,<J F@$D">4`
#J*\H, I&,D,>>Z
#J*\H, J&,D,>>Z & F&@,< BD42&">44 4 FB@F@$>@FHbN. E
B@8@D>@FH\`, &@2*"&"b #@(J &F` F:"&J, @F@2>"6H,, RH@,
,F:4 '@FB@*\ B@<"2": &"F &,FH4 F:J0,>4, B@8:@>,>4b,
?> *"FH &"< FB@F@$>@FH4 @H:4R>@ F*,:"H\ ^H@.
K4:4BB46P"< 4:13 %F, <@(J & J8D,B:b`V,< <,>b
(34FJF,) MD4FH,.
~ 118 ~
%&,*4H, 9`*,6
9`*,6 >,@$N@*4<@ &&,FH4 F H@(@ <,FH", (*, @>4
>"N@*bHFb, & #@0\, BD4FJHFH&4,. %Z >, <@0,H, &&@*4H\
4N @HHJ*", (*, >"N@*4H,F\ F"<4 - &Z *@:0>Z J<,:@ &,FH4
4N &F,N, 8"8 @*>@ H,:@, @HHJ*", (*, @>4 - FH@bH & ,*4>FH&@
)JN".
AZH"6H,F\ JFH">@&4H\ >,<,*:,>>Z6 8@>H"8H F F@$D">4,<,
JFH">@&4H, J&,D,>>@FH\ :`*,6 & &"T,< DJ8@&@*FH&,, "
B@H@< $ZFHD@ BD@*&4("6H, 4N & N&":,.
EJV,FH&J`H H"84, B,F>4 4 *JN@&>Z, BD4FB@F@$:,>4b,
8@H@DZ, F:J0"H *:b H@(@, RH@$Z BD@&,FH4 :`*,6, 8"8
@*>@ H,:@, R,D,2 "&D"H"" F@ F:"&@F:@&4,< 4 @04*">4,<
B@RJ&FH&@&"H\
BD4FJHFH&4,
#@0\,.
CJ8@&@*4H,:\
B@8:@>,>4b *@:0,> D"2&4&"H\ ^HJ FB@F@$>@FH\ F B@<@V\`
#@0\,(@ B@<"2">4b, 8"8 R"FH\ *">>ZN ,<J #@(@< J<,>46.
QH@, +F:4 ?>4
=, %N@*bH
A@BZH"6H,F\ B@>bH\, "&N@*bH" :4 4 *&40JHFb :4 :`*4
8"8 ,*4>@, P,:@,, 8"8 @*>@ H,:@, & BD4FJHFH&44 '@FB@*".
+F:4 >,H, B@BD@F4H, J #@(" +(@ <J*D@FH4 @ H@<, 8"8
BD,@*@:,&"H\ :`$Z, BD,BbHFH&4b 4 $ZH\ FB@F@$>Z<
$ZFHD@ *&4("H\Fb &B,D,*.
="FH"&:b6H, 4N, >, @FJ0*"b, RH@$Z BD@*&4>JH\Fb & #@0\,
BD4FJHFH&4,. E :`$@&\` JR4H, 4N 8"8 &N@*4H\. E&b04H,
&Fb846 *JN BD,BbHFH&4b, 8@H@DZ6, &@2<@0>@, B@BZH",HFb
@FH">@&4H\ B@H@8 )JN". +F:4 ^H@ >,@$N@*4<@, B,D,6*4H,
8 *DJ(@6 B,F>,.
G,, 7H@ =, %@6*JH
;Z *@:0>Z B@>4<"H\, RH@ FJV,FH&J,H @R,>\ <>@(@
BD4R4>, 42-2" 8@H@DZN >,8@H@DZ, :`*4 >, BD@*&4("`HFb
F *DJ(4<4 & N&":J 4 B@8:@>,>4,. ]H4 >,8@H@DZ, <@(JH
$ZH\ >,&,DJ`V4<4 4:4 &,DJ`V4<4, 8@H@DZ, 04&JH &
&@FFH">44 4:4 >,B@&4>@&,>44 #@(J. )DJ(4, <@(JH $ZH\
B@* @FJ0*,>4,< &D"(" 4:4 $D,<,>,< 2"$@H. =,8@H@DZ,
0, BD@FH@ <@(JH >, 2>"H\ 8"8.
7"8 DJ8@&@*4H,:b B@8:@>,>4b &"F >, *@:0>Z @H&:,8"H\
H,, 8H@ >, "&@6*JH". 7"8 RJ*,F>@, 8@(*" &F, :`*4
"&N@*bH" &F, &<,FH,, "F @*>4< F,D*P,<". ?*>"8@, 4>@(*"
<Z *@:0>Z 4(>@D4D@&"H\ H,N, 8H@ ">, &N@*4H" 4
F@FD,*@H@R4&"H\ F&@, &>4<">4, >" ,*4>@< H,:, &,DJ`V4N.
~ 119 ~
*JNJ...
+F:4 >,@$N@*4<@, 4V4H, 4 BD@F4H, F@&,H" J B"FH@D" 4:4
*DJ(4N FH"D,6T4>.
E9I/+=3+ A?79?=+=3a
I&,V,&"6H, 9`*,6
M@D@T@ J&,V,&"H\ :`*,6 B,H\ '@FB@*J. ?>4 >, *@:0>Z
B,H\ B@H@<J, RH@ H"8@& @$ZR"6 4:4 BD@FH@ *:b
D"2&:,R,>4b. ?>4 *@:0>Z B,H\ N&":J '@FB@*J 4 B@:>@FH\`
&@6H4 & +(@ BD4FJHFH&4, & 4FH4>>@< B@8:@>,>44.
="R4>"6H, E@
E:"&@F:@&4b
A,D,* H,<, 8"8 <Z F<@0,< B@:>@FH\` BD@F:"&4H\ #@(",
<Z F>"R":" *@:0>Z &@6H4 & <,FH@ N&":Z.
AF":H4D\ 99:4 %N@*4H, &@ &D"H" +(@ F@ F:"&@F:@&4,<,
&@ *&@DZ +(@ - F N&":@`. E:"&\H, +(@, $:"(@F:@&:b6H,
4<b +(@!
AD@*&4("6H,F\ % M&":J
;>@(@ &D,<,>4 B@F&bV,>>@(@ N&":, 4 B@8:@>,>4`,
BD@&,*,HFb HJH, &@ "*&@D"N". 3<,>>@ HJH 8"0*Z6 *@:0,>
$ZH\ @F&@$@0*,> 8 $@:\T,<J &@8":\>@<J 4 L424R,F8@<J
&ZD"0,>4` 4FH4>>@6 N&":Z #@(J 2" &F, +(@ RJ*,F>Z,
$:"(@F:@&,>4b.
A,D,6*4H, %
A@8:@>,>4,
#J*\H, RJ&FH&4H,:\>Z 8 H@<J, 8"8 D"FBD,*,:b,H &D,<b
E&bH@6
)JN,
4
>"R>4H,
BD@*&4("H\
:`*,6
&
4FH4>>@,,(:J$@8@, 4 :4R>@, B@8:@>,>4, #@(J 2" H@, 8,<
?> b&:b,HFb.
E:,*J6H, A@<"2">4`
AJFH\ J &"F $J*,H 0,:">4, @H:@04H\ & FH@D@>J F&@4
B:">Z, *"0, ,F:4 &Z BD@&,:4 <>@(@ &D,<,>4 &
BD4(@H@&:,>44. %Z <@0,H, BD@BJFH4H\ @*>4 B,F>4 4
2"*,D0"H\Fb >" *DJ(4N.
7@(*" >"R4>",H BD4N@*4H\ F4:\>@, B@<"2">4, E&bH@(@
)JN" >, FB,T4H, >"R"H\ >@&J` B,F>`. 1"*,D04H,F\ >"
FH"D@6 *@ H,N B@D, B@8" F4:" B@<"2">4b $J*,H D"FH4.
A@&H@Db6H, B,H\ ^HJ B,F>`, B@8" )JN >, F@&,DT4H HJ
D"$@HJ, 8@H@DJ` ?> *,:",H, BD4&@*b F@$D">4, & $@:,,
~ 121 ~
2. AD4&,*4H, @*4> BD4<,D H@(@, 8"8 :4*,D B@8:@>,>4b <@0,H ^LL,8H4&>,, &&,FH4
:`*,6 & $@:,, &,:48J` N&":J 4 B@8:@>,>4,.
3. ?$XbF>4H,, RH@ 2>"R4H &ZD"0,>4, "F:,*@&"H\ 2" B@<"2">4,<" &@ &D,<b N&":Z
4 B@8:@>,>4b.
~ 124 ~