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United Nations in 1998 adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Article 26 (1) of UDHR proclaims that: Every one has a right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. "
The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan had been set with specific targets. These are: All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School or 'Back-to-School' camp by 2005. All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2009. Children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2012. Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life. Bridge all gender and social category gaps at the primary stage by 2009 and at the elementary education level by 2012. Universal retention by 2012.
Though the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan [SSA] is being administered through government and govt. aided schools, some private unaided schools are also
interventions, inter alia for opening new primary and upper primary schools as per the neighbourhood norms notified by State Governments in the RCFCEA Rules,
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The Act provides that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until the completion of elementary education. There is a provision for special training of school drop-outs to bring them up to par with students of the same age. The Right to Education of persons with disabilities until 18 years of age has also been made a fundamental right. A number of other provisions regarding improvement of school infrastructure, teacherstudent ratio and faculty are made in the Act.
Monitoring and Implementation of the act should be done by the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights, an autonomous body together with Commissions
Indias initiatives to achieve universalization of elementary education: In 1950, commitment was made through its directive principle of State policy. In 2002, the 86th constitutional amendment was passed that made education a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6 14 years.
the consequential legislation envisaged under Article 21A, empowering implementation by Union & State Govts.
The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, inserted Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine. The
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The need to address inadequacies in retention, residual access, particularly of un-reached children, and the questions of quality are the most compelling reasons for the insertion of Article 21-A in the Constitution of India and the passage of the RTE Act, 2009 in the Parliament.
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In private schools also, 25% seats for children from poor families Schools need to get recognition No capitation fees No interview for admission
Overall approach and implementation strategies of SSA harmonized as per the mandate of the RTE Act. A Committee to suggest follow up action was appointed
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With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RCFCE Act. The new law provides a justiciable legal framework that entitles all children between the ages of 6-14 years free and compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education.
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education because there is no focus on quality. Arun Kapur, Director Vasant Valley School
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The Act provides for empowerment of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights and State Commissions for supervising of proper implementation of the act and for looking after the complaints in protection of Child Rights.
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The SC judgment said: We hold that the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 is
Both the Central and state governments are responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the Act. There has been significant improvement in terms of the number of primary schools, largely due to additional resources made available through the Sarv Shiksha Abhiyaan to bridge
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Reservation of 25% seats in private schools for children from poor families The principle behind 25%
The school may be there but students may not attend, or drop out after a few months. Through school & social mapping, many issues need to be addressed that prevent a weak child from completing the process of education. reservation is to promote social integration. A school is a perfect setting where existing inequalities in society can be bridged if the school encourages students to integrate psychologically, emotionally and academically.
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Universal access is an essential component of UEE. Access does not constitute mere physical availability of school; it implies facilitating full, free and joyful participation of children in learning.
support for residential schools for children in areas which are sparsely populated, or hilly or densely
Provision of teachers as per prescribed 3 years (by 31st March, 2013) Pupil Teacher Ratio
Training of untrained teachers Quality interventions and other provisions 5 years (by 31st March 2015) With immediate effect 41
Implementation of RCFCEA
provides for all children the benefit of free and compulsory admission,
attendance and
completion
of elementary education.
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independence and
many more children with a diverse background are accessing school.
Yet....
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Provide Social & Location Mapping of schools, Water & sanitation facilities
The Dept. of Science & Technology to provide geo-spatial technology to perform at grass-root survey. Provision of access to sufficient safe drinking water Provision and access to adequate sanitation facilities, specially for girl child.
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The RTE act does not cater to the absence of provisions for pre-school education for children below the age of six years. A key issue being raised against the provisions of the RTE Act is the absence of provisions for improving the job conditions of teachers. This leads to limited availability of quality teachers in rural or inaccessible areas. According to analysts, teacher training is one of the biggest requirements of the current system and has been neglected by the Act.
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private schools.
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elementary education.
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.Compulsory
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child rights under the Act are protected. The RTE Act
provides for constitutionally created independent bodies like the National and State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights to perform this role. These bodies, with quasi-judicial powers bring in an element of monitoring new to the implementation of SSA, requiring that internal monitoring mechanisms under the SSA engage
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The RTE provides a legally enforceable rights framework with certain unambiguous time targets that
The revised S S A Framework for Implementation is derived from the recommendations of the Committee on
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