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Program Description:
"STIFFNER" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of steel beams subject to concentrated loads. Specifically, web yielding, web crippling, and web buckling criteria are checked to determine if web stiffeners are required to resist the concentrated load. If stiffeners are required, the stiffener size and weld requirements are determined. This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:
Worksheet Name
Doc Beam Stiffeners Beam Stiffeners (Table)
Description
This documentation sheet Steel beam web stiffener analysis for concentrated loads Steel beam web stiffener analysis for concentrated loads (table version)
N = 12
Beam Load or End Reaction: Load or Reaction? (P/R) P P or R = 30.00 Design Parameters: Beam Yield, Fy = 50 Bearing Length, N = 12.000 Bearing Width, B = 6.000 Unbraced Length, Lb = 20.000 Distance to P or R, x = 10.000 Actual Moment, Ma = 2.0 Yield Moment, My = 240.0 Loaded Flg. Restrained? No Stiffener Thickness, ts = 3/8 Stiffener Yield, Fys = 36 Number of Stiff. Pairs = 1-Pair Beam Properties: d = 17.700 tw = 0.300 bf = 6.000 tf = 0.425 k= 0.827 Sx = 57.60 Results:
k = 0.827
N+5*k d=17.7
Stiffener (NS & FS)
N+2.5*k
k = 0.827 x R
W18x35
in.
ksi
Nomenclature
N
Notes: 1. When stiffeners are required, program assumes full height stiffeners. 2. Only 1-pair of stiffeners depicted at either
reaction or load (if required) but may be 2-pairs or 3-pairs spaced 3" o.c.
Gross Shear Capacity of Beam Web: Rv = N.A. kips Rvg = (1/1.5)*0.60*Fyb*Cv*Avg Local Flange Bending: Rfb = N.A.
kips
kips
(Criteria is for P away from beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-2) Rwy = (1/1.5)*Fy*tw*(N+5*k) Rwy >= P, O.K. (Criteria is for P away from beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-4) Rwc = (1/2)*0.80*tw^2*[1+3(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5]*sqrt(E*Fy*tf/tw) Rwc >= P, O.K.
(continued)
113.83
kips
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(Criteria is for beam with unrestrained top flange per AISC Eqn. J10-7) h = d-2*k Cr = 960,000 ksi when 1.5*Ma < My Critical ratio for sidesway web buckling <= 1.7, this check is required Rwb = (1/1.76)*Cr*(tw^3/h^2)*tf*(0.4*((h/tw)/(Lb/bf))^3) Rwb < P, Fail Conclusion: Stiffeners for beam web are required
Beam Web Stiffener Design: (Note: stiffeners are assumed to be full depth, from flange to flange.) Stiffener Width: bs(min) = 1.850 bs = 2.500 Stiffener Thickness: ts(min) = 0.213
in. in.
in.
Check Stiffener Slenderness and Compressive Stress: h/t = 0.76 kc = max{ 0.35, min[ 0.76, 4/sqrt(h/t) ] }, h/t = 25 for int. & 12 for ext. b/t = 6.67 b/t = bs/ts b/t(max) = 15.84 b/t(max) = 0.64*SQRT(kc*E/Fys) K= 0.75 (assumed effective length factor per AISC Code, page 16.1-121) L= 16.05 in. L = h = d-2*k I= 4.67 in.^4 I = 2*(ts*bs^3/12+(ts*bs)*(bs/2+tw/2)^2)+(25*tw)*tw^3/12 A= 4.13 in.^2 A = 2*(ts*bs)+(25*tw)*tw r= 1.064 in. r = SQRT(I/A) fa = 7.27 ksi fa =P/A KL/r = 11.31 (effective slenderness ratio for compression) Fe = p^2*29000/ (KL/r)^2 Fe = 2236.6 Fa = 21.56 ksi If KL/r <= 25 then Fa = (1/1.67)*Fy (Eqn. J4-6) If KL/r <= 4.71*sqrt(E/Fys) then Fa = (1/1.67)*[ 0.658^(Fy/Fe) ]*Fy If KL/r > 4.71*sqrt(E/Fys) then Fa = (1/1.67)*0.877*Fe Fa >= fa, O.K. Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange: Ps = 6.75 kips Ps = P-(Minimum of Rfb, Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb) (design force) Lw = 7.00 in. Lw = (bs-0.75)*4 fw = 0.96 kips/in. fw = Ps/Lw w(req'd) = 0.0650 in. (size) w(req'd) = fw/((SQRT(2)/2)*(0.30*70)) w(min) = 0.1875 in. w(min) = Min. fillet weld size from AISC Table J2.4, page 5-67 w(max) = 0.1818 in. w(max) = 0.40*Fys*ts/((SQRT(2)/2)*0.30*70*2) Weld req'd. <= weld max., O.K. Stiffener Welding to Beam Web: Ps = 6.75 kips Ps = P-(Minimum of Rfb, Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb) (design force) Lw = 62.18 in. Lw = (d-2*(k+0.25))*4 fw = 0.11 kips/in. fw = Ps/Lw w(req'd) = 0.0073 in. (size) w(req'd) = fw/((SQRT(2)/2)*(0.30*70)) w(min) = w(min) = Min. fillet weld size from AISC Table J2.4, page 5-67 3/16 in. w(max) = 0.1818 in. w(max) = 0.40*Fy*tw/((SQRT(2)/2)*0.3*70*2) Weld req'd. <= weld max., O.K.
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Flange Local Bending, Web Yielding, Crippling, Buckling, and Stiffener Criteria for Concentrated Load or Reaction Per AISC 13th Edition Manual (ASD) Client: Prep. By: Date:
50 36
ksi ksi x
P k
Stiffener (NS & FS)
N+5*k d
Stiffener (NS & FS)
N+2.5*k
k x R N
Beam
Nomenclature
Load or Reaction?
(P or R)
Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)
Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)
Distance to P or R x
(ft.)
Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)
Bearing Length, N
(in.)
Bearing Width, B
(in.)
Actual Moment Ma
(ft.-kips)
Yield Moment My
(ft.-kips)
Web Shear Rv
(kips)
When stiffeners are required, program assumes full height stiffeners. Only 1-pair of stiffeners is depicted at either reaction or load (if required) in sketch at left, but may be 2-pairs or 3-pairs spaced 3" o.c. Beam gross web shear: Rv = (1/1.5)*0.60*Cv*Fy*d*tw (per AISC Eqn. G2-1) Beam flange local bending: Rv = (1/1.67)*6.25*tf^2*Fy (AISC Eqn. J10-1). If B < 0.15*bf, then need not perform this check. Note: When concentrated force to be resisted is applied at a distance from the member end that is less than 10*tf, Rn shall be reduced by 50 percent. 5. Beam local web yielding: For load away from beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-2 where x > d: Rwy = (1/1.5)*Fy*tw*(N+5*k) For load near beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-3 where x <= d: Rwy = (1/1.5)*Fy*tw*(N+2.5*k) 6. Beam web crippling: For load away from beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-4 where x > d/2: Rwc = (1/2)*0.80*tw^2*(1+3*(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(E*Fy*tf/tw) For load near beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-5a where x <= d/2 & N/d <= 0.2: Rwc = (1/2)*0.40*tw^2*(1+3*(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(E*Fy*tf/tw) For load near beam end per AISC Eqn. J10-5b where x <= d/2 & N/d > 0.2: Rwc = (1/2)*0.40*tw^2*(1+(4*N/d - 0.2)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(E*Fy*tf/tw) 7. Beam sidesway web buckling: If loaded flange is restrained and if (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) <=2.3, sidesway web buckling check is required, and capacity of beam is per AISC Eqn. J10-6: Rwb = (1/1.76)*tf*(Cr*tw^3/h^2)*{1+0.4*[ (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) ]^3} , where: h = d-2*k, and Cr = 960,000 ksi when 1.5*Ma < My, and 480,000 ksi when 1.5*Ma >= My If loaded flange is restrained and if (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) > 2.3, sidesway web buckling will not occur. If loaded flange is not restrained and if (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) <=1.7, sidesway web buckling check is required, and capacity of beam is per AISC Eqn. J10-7: Rwb = (1/1.76)*tf*(Cr*tw^3/h^2)*{0.4*[ (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) ]^3} , where: h = d-2*k, and Cr = 960,000 ksi when 1.5*Ma < My, and 480,000 ksi when 1.5*Ma >= My If loaded flange is not restrained and if (h/tw)/(Lb/bf) > 1.7, sidesway web buckling will not occur. 8. Stiffener width used: bs = bf/2-tw/2 (rounded down to nearest 1/2 inch) 9. Minimum thickness of stiffeners: ts(min) = larger of: tf/2 or bs/15 10. An effective length factor, K = 0.75, per AISC Code, page 16.1-121 is used in determining allowable compressive stress (Fa) of stiffener and applicable portion of beam web. 11. For 1-pair of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw For 2-pairs of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw+3" , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw+3" For 3-pairs of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw+6" , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw+6" 12. When stiffeners are required, stiffener design force is: Ps = (P or R) - (Minimum of Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb) Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Max. P or R Are Stiffener Design Flg Bending Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling without Stiffeners Width Min. Thk. Actual Stress Allow. Stress Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(req'd) w(min) w(max) w(req'd) w(min) Rfb Rwy Rwc Rwb Stiffeners Req'd.? bs ts(min) fa Fa
(kips) (kips) (kips) (kips) (kips) (Yes / No) (in.) (in.) (ksi) (ksi) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
Assumptions: 1. 2. 3. 4.
R P
30.00 30.00
20.000 20.000
0.500 10.000
No No
3/8 3/8
12.000 12.000
6.000 0.500
240.00 2.00
240.00 240.00
1 1
106.20 N.A.
N.A. N.A.
140.68 161.35
64.23 113.83
11.62 23.25
11.62 23.25
**Yes** **Yes**
2.500 2.500
0.213 0.213
10.15 7.27
21.56 21.56
0.177 0.065
3/16 3/16
0.182 0.182
0.020 0.007
3/16 3/16
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"STIFFNER13.xls" Program Version 1.3 Beam, Location, or Node I.D. Load or Reaction?
(P or R)
Beam Size
Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)
Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)
Distance to P or R x
(ft.)
Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)
Bearing Length, N
(in.)
Bearing Width, B
(in.)
Actual Moment Ma
(ft.-kips)
Yield Moment My
(ft.-kips)
Web Shear Rv
(kips)
Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Flg Bending Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling Rfb Rwy Rwc Rwb
(kips) (kips) (kips) (kips)
Width bs
(in.)
Actual Stress fa
(ksi)
Allow. Stress Fa
(ksi)
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"STIFFNER13.xls" Program Version 1.3 Beam, Location, or Node I.D. Load or Reaction?
(P or R)
Beam Size
Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)
Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)
Distance to P or R x
(ft.)
Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)
Bearing Length, N
(in.)
Bearing Width, B
(in.)
Actual Moment Ma
(ft.-kips)
Yield Moment My
(ft.-kips)
Web Shear Rv
(kips)
Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Flg Bending Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling Rfb Rwy Rwc Rwb
(kips) (kips) (kips) (kips)
Width bs
(in.)
Actual Stress fa
(ksi)
Allow. Stress Fa
(ksi)
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Beam Properties
0.182 0.182
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"STIFFNER13.xls" Program Version 1.3 Stiffener Design Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(max)
(in.)
Beam Properties
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"STIFFNER13.xls" Program Version 1.3 Stiffener Design Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(max)
(in.)
Beam Properties
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