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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION CENTRAL EAST EDUCATION DIVISION (CEED)

MANAGEMENT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

DUTIES OF ATEACHER
Presented during a workshop of Head Teachers, Deputy Head Teachers and Heads of Department
By Andrew D. Mkomba (Senior Inspector of Schools - CEED)

DECEMBER, 2012

MANAGEMENT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING


INTRODUCTION Teaching is helping students learn certain designated materials content that makes up the bulk of the curriculum (Callahan & Clark, 1988, p.3). Teaching deals with people; students, parents and fellow professionals. It involves various kinds of knowledge, judgement, decision making and requires communication and interpersonal skills as well as professional expertise. A professional teacher is a teacher who knows not only what to do but also why, when and how to do it (Ibid. p.2). It is imperative therefore that a teacher should know their duties, the task/ activities that each duty imply and the associated records and their importance in managing teaching and learning effectively. Experience shows that some teachers do not know and do not perform their duties as expected for a number of reasons which may not be discussed here, and they only operate according to the school culture without really having sense of purpose. This presentation is designed to assist teachers to understand their duties, tasks and records they are supposed to keep and their importance for effective teaching and learning. Effective teaching and learning is a process to meet one of the thematic areas of intervention for the Education Sector in Malawi which is to improve quality and relevance of education (NESP 2008, p.1). Presentation objectives; by the end of this session participants should be able 1. Mention duties of a teacher. 2. Identify and describe tasks/ activities associated with each duty of a teacher. 3. Brainstorm and explain records associated with the tasks/activities a teacher performs in discharging his/her duties in order to manage teaching and learning effectively. 4. Reflect on the challenges and issues that teachers face militate against teachers from discharging their duties effectively and suggest solutions to these changes. DUTIES OF A TEACHER Secondary School Teacher

Activity; 1. in groups (a) List down duties that are performed by teachers under your charge and (b) Describe the tasks or activities associated by the duties. (c) Mention the Records that are associated with the tasks and activities tha teachers perform and explain their importance in effective management of teaching and learning and (c) Present your findings in a plenary 3. Brainstorm the Challenges and issues that teachers face in discharging their duties and suggest solution to these challenges.

Secondary school teachers teach two or more subjects within the school curriculum to secondary students (often aged between 12 to19 )and they are expected to perform these duties; 1. Preparing Schemes and Records of work. Tasks/ activities that the duty implies: Plan long-term (for a term or year) teaching programs (Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study) following national curriculum guidelines or requirements. Attending staff and departmental meetings to plan carefully together on subjects load allocation and setting deadlines for submission of schemes of work to the HoD and the Head teacher for checking. Acquisition of Scheme books through HoDs. Identifying such requirements as the Syllabi, Recommended and supplementary textbooks and learners needs. Drawing up of schemes of work in full based on the subject syllabus, with clear topics and sub-topics, include relevant and a variety of methods, a variety of recommended and supplementary references and assessment methods (continuous and terminal). Submit Schemes of Work to HoDs and Head teachers for checking and approval prior to school opening. Updating and filling Records of Work and frequently submitting SRW for checking to the HoD and the Head teacher. Work Done should reflect activities actually done in class not notes given and Remarks should be evaluative enough. Prepare for assigned classes, and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors/inspectors or any ministry official.

Associated Records to the activities and their importance Academic Calendar; stipulate the school programme to be followed nationally (policy) and therefore guide the planning and preparation for teaching and learning through schemes of work. School Master Timetable; This shows the daily activities of the school, class by class, period by period and the names of teachers handling them. It sums up the number of period allocated to a subject and the number of subjects and periods taught by a teacher in a week. Subject period Matrix; show allocation of periods per specific subject per week. Schemes of Work; This is the aspect that breakdown the syllabus into teaching units. It is broken down into topics, performance objectives, etc usually to be covered in a term. This is unit or course planning which determines the overall learning. It has to be kept by every teacher to be marked and endorsed by the head of department and the headmaster. Provides data needed for planning and decision

making by school authority. It guides lesson planning and provide adequate information, plans and materials for the substitute teacher. Record Of Work Book; This aspect further break down the scheme of work into weekly records of what the teacher has taught. It should be kept by teachers and cheeked and endorsed by the headmaster. Internal school calendar of events; ensure that there is smooth flow of school activities (no clashes of events). Approved Syllabus: Academic programme of institutions are based on approved syllabus of the course to be run. The school subject needs a syllabus to follow.

2. Lesson preparation and presentation. Tasks/activities Lesson planning sets forth what the teacher and pupils will do in their daily sessions (daily objectives and activities) by which the teacher hope to bring about the learning of the course objectives. Preparing and planning daily lessons, and presenting teaching programmes involve; Identifying lesson objectives and appropriate content using the Approved Syllabus and Recommended and Supplementary books. Prepare and maintain lesson plans (content familiarization, methods, and T/L aids) which include Review, Introduction, Development, Assessment and Conclusion. Lesson plans should reflect both teachers and learners activities and be evaluated soon after delivering a lesson. Preparing learning environment; setting up laboratory, excursions, T/L aids in classroom, group discussions. Presentation of lessons and class management -clear language and instruction - Establish clear objectives for all lessons -fair treatment of learners -logical presentation of material -positive reinforcement -learner motivation - Relevant and a variety of methods both expository and discovery/ participatory. Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects such as English, mathematics, or social studies.

Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities as well as putting up displays in the classroom. Assign reasonable task and homework to students. Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate. Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.

Associated Records

Individual time table; derived from the Master timetable; to guide the teacher on when to attend to/ teach learners for specific subjects. Schemes of Work; guide the teacher in lesson planning and preparation. Lesson plans file/book Lesson plan guide the teacher on lesson presentation (flow) and the activities, T/L aids and assessment to be used. Lesson plan is like the site plan for the architect. It is prepared so that you follow it without forgetting a process. It reduces your energy of remembering the next step to do while teaching. It should contain topic, date, and time of the day, duration of the lesson, age, sex, and class. Others includes: aims and objective, previous knowledge introduction, presentation evaluation and conclusion. Period Registers (Lesson Attendance Register); It is kept by the class captain/monitor of each subject to be signed at the end of the period by teachers. It can check teachers who do not go to classes as and when due. Students' regular attendance or otherwise can also be traced here easily. To know learners absent from your class and how you can assist them.

3. Assessing students work and maintaining records of students progress. Tasks/activities Plan of both continuous and terminal assessment should be reflected in Schemes of Work. Prepare (set) and administer/assign tests, exams, projects, class work, assignments and homework to evaluate students' progress. Tests should be reliable and valid testing both low and high order skills in learners as guided by subject syllabus objectives. This will help to prepare learners for external examinations. Prepare marking schemes of tests set before the tests are administered. Mark (grade) and correct assessments; and sort the results, giving appropriate feedback to students and parents/guardians. Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. Maintaining accurate and complete student records of pupils' progress and performance.

Evaluate and report on the progress of their students and discuss individual performance and problems with students and parents

Associated Records: Schemes and Records of Work: guide on dates of the planned assessment tasks and shows have been covered so far to guide the range of topics to assess the students on. Lesson Plans aids the teacher in his or her own self-evaluation to take action to improve teaching and learning process, examination questions and assessment tasks to especially help lower performers. Academic calendar; highlight the school programme and guide when to give midterm and terminal tests. Marks Books This is used in compiling continues assessment (CA) record. It is used to build up CA as it is either on weekly, fortnightly or monthly as the case may be. Scholastic Records This is for examination records for every student. It should contain cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of the student. This is used to record learners progress to track and manage students progress to help teachers manage their lesson presentation. 4. Attending to academic and discipline problems of pupils. Tasks/activities Identify learners with learning problems through observations and through progress report. Lessons well designed with activities that adapt lesson to the needs and interest of learners. Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help. Adjust teaching and learning to cater those learners with learning problems. Establish and maintain good working habits and discipline in classrooms and throughout the school. Undertaking pastoral duties, such as taking on the role of form tutor/master, and supporting pupils on an individual basis through academic or personal difficulties. Observing and managing pupil behaviour in the classroom and on school premises, and applying appropriate and effective measures in cases of misbehaviour. Establish and enforce all school rules behaviour and procedures governing students for maintaining orders among the students for whom they are responsible. Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators in order to discuss their children's progress and resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. 5. Proving counseling services to students. Task/ activities

Through observation identify learners with academic and social problems and their academic potential. Liaising with other professionals, such as learning mentors, careers advisers, educational psychologists and education welfare officers; Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials, in order to prevent injuries and damage. Administer tests, and interpret results to determine students' strengths and areas of need. Guide and counsel students with adjustment and/or academic problems, or special academic interests i.e. time management, handling studies etc.

6. Motivating students participation in various academic works. Task/ activities Teach using a variety of methods, including formal lessons, discussions, practical activities, experiments, projects, assignments and excursions, taking into account the differences in individual students. Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. Supervise extra classes. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.

Associated Records associated with the three duties above; Mark books and Scholastic Records; show academic progress of learner and assist to identify learners who need extra teaching or special attention. It facilitates and enhances the provision of effective guidance and counseling service for students in the social career domains. Punishment book. The education law permits only the head of school or teachers to inflict fair punishment on erring students. A proper record is kept containing (a) The name of the offender (b) The date of such punishment (c) The nature of offence (d) the person who administered the punishment etc. This record helps to protect the teachers against aggrieved parents. It can serve as witness/basis for the school to trace the trend of such students. Discipline book; show learners with behaviour problems and highlight offences committed by the learners, evidence and punitive measures meted. Class attendance Register: help identify who frequently absent themselves from school.

7. Attending staff meetings at departmental and school level. Attend and participating in all departmental and staff meetings convened prior unless permission to be absent has been obtained.

Suggest agenda on critical professional and personal areas. undergoing regular observations and participating in regular in-service training (INSET) as part of continuing professional development (CPD), educational conferences and other professional development activities in order to maintain and improve professional competence Demonstrate timelines and attendance for assigned responsibilities.

Associated Records; Internal School Calendar of Events: guide on activities plan to done at school level. Minutes of Staff/ Departmental Meeting Book/ Copies Of Minutes There should be a hard cover book to be used for recording of minutes of meeting for easy reference to the decisions taken in meetings.

8. Assisting in micro teaching and teaching practice activities. 'Network' with other teachers on team planning and team teaching, Lesson study. Supervising and supporting the work of teaching assistants (cooperating teacher), trainee teachers and newly qualified teachers (NQTs).

Associated Records; Schemes and Records of Work, Lesson plans, Mark Books and Scholastic Records.

9. Performing any other duties assigned by the head of department from time to time. Serve on committees as required. Assisting in school libraries, hall and cafeteria/dining hall monitoring.etc

CONCLUSION: This means that as teachers we should know our duties and understand the associated tasks and perform them as well as keep and maintain school records we are expected to have for us to manage teaching and learning effectively, efficiently and in a humane manner. This requires that we should be aware of the challenges that militate against fulfilling these duties and tasks, and together find solutions to them in order to maintain effective teaching and learning. REFERENCES Callaham, J.F. & Clark, L.H. (1988) Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools; Planning for Compentence (3 rd Edition), New York: Macmillan. MoEST (2008) National Education Sector Plan 2008-2017, Statement; Lilongwe: MoEST.

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