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Volume : 2, Issue-20, July: 2013

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CHIEF MINISTER OFFICEJAYALALITHA IS RIGHT

Under the 1918 Government of India

Act provincial Legislative Councils were

formed in British provinces in India. Under the 1919 Government of India Act the
Governors executive council was formed
in provinces and an executive council was
the viceroy in Delhi. There was no Chief
Ministers, No Cabinet responsibility. The
Governor invited or in other words appointed persons of eminence as members
in the executive council. Sir P.Thiyagaraja
chetty was elected leader of the non Brahmin Justice Party and he in turn submitted
the name of Raja Panagal to the Governor
to be appointed as Member of the Executive Council. The Governor of Madras
Lord Wellington appointed Sir K.Srinivasa
Iyengar as Law member for the council.
The Name of Sir Srinivasa Iyengar was not
recommended to be appointed as member
of the executive council to the Governor by
Raja Panagal. The Governor at his will appointed C.P.Ramaswamy Iyer as member
of executive council in charge of Law.
After the failure of the round table conferences in 1929 & 1930, The British administration came out with a future plan of
constitutional development in India as they

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gave an assurance in the house of commons that The policy of his Majestys
Government , with which the Government of India are in complete accord, Is
that of the increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development of self
governing institutions with a view to the
progressive realisation of responsible
Government in India as an integral part
of the British Empire. This assurance
was incorporated in 1935 Government of
India Act. Under the 1935 Government of
India Act the provincial Legislative powers
were converted into Legislative assemblies
with enlarged powers and the concerned
provinces were given freedom to constitute
Legislative councils in the province in case
they needed it. Madras province elected to
have a separate Legislative council. Under
the 1935 Government of India Act provincial autonomy was granted. The office of
the Prime Minister was created in British
provinces, cabinets were formed under the
Prime Minister and were made responsible
to the Legislative assembly under the system of Legislative assemblies in provinces,
C.Rajagopalchari became the Prime Minister of Madras province, Govind Valabpant
became the Prime Minister of the United
provinces, B.G.Kher became the Prime
Minister of Bombay, Allah Box became
Prime Minister of Sindh, Sir. Sikhanda hyat
khan became the Prime Minister of Punjab,
Dr.Khan Sahib became the Prime Minister
of Frontier Province, Gopichand Bhargawa
became the Prime Minister of Assam, Ravi
Shankar Shukla became the Prime minister
of Bihar, and Dr.Shurawarthy became the
Prime Minister of Bengal etc.
C.Rajagopalachari became the Prime
Minister of Madras Province in 1937 to
1939, Tanguturi Prakasam became the
Prime Minister of Madras Province in
1946 to Mar 1947, O.P.Ramasamy Reddiyar succeeds Prakasam in1947 and
P.S.Kumarasamy Raja succeeds at Prakasam, Ramaswamy Reddiyar in 1949.
Mr.Rajagoplachari first term was termed as
Prime Minister of Madras Province in 1935
15

Dr.R.K.balasubramanaim
Senior ADVOCATE

of Government of India Act, same Rajagopalachari was called Chief Minister of

Madras State in 1952. Madras Province he
was a Prime Minister, but State of Madras
was a Chief Minister. Thus position is the
same, powers are the same but there was
change as only a name of the office.
They formed the cabinet elected by the
Legislative parties they selected the ministers they submitted the list of names to the
Governor to be appointed as Ministers and
they were responsible as a cabinet to the
assembly. Thus while British provinces had
Prime Minister of India , Election of Leader for the Legislative party, Invitation by
the Viceroy to the leader to form a cabinet
the leader did not submit not submit list of
members to be appointed to the cabinet etc.
Under the 1935 Government of India act
also the Viceroy had an executive council
to advise him to carry on the administration
the Viceroy selected members to be appointed as members of the council allotted
departments to be in charge for them there
was no responsibility on the part of the
members to the central Legislative assembly thus when the provincial assemblies in
British India under the 1935 act had popular Prime Ministers in the provinces there
was no Prime Minister for India at Delhi.
Under the Government of India act
1935 It is a constitutional anomaly only
in the year 1947 with a transfer of Power
into Indian hands by the British an interim
arrangement was made though there was
no provision in Law the then Governor
General invite Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
to become the Prime Minister of India.
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Mr. Nehru was not elected by the Congress Legislative party as

the Leader and Nehru also did not take his claim to become the
Prime Minister on the basis of the Election formed by the Congress Legislative party. It became to be called an interim cabinet
with Muslim league participation thus without any cabinet responsibility and without any constitutional sanctity Nehru functioned
as Prime Minister. This arrangement of interim Ministry was too
lost only for period till a constitution of India was framed. Thus
the constitution of India was framed and introduced in 1950 the
Legislative party elected Nehru as the leader and claimed to form
the ministry and become the Prime Minister. This was an arrangement with constitutional backing till 1952 when the 1st General
elections were held thereafter regular Parliamentary system of the
Leader of the largest single Parliamentary party was elected to become the Prime Minister. This system is followed even today as a
Parliamentary practice.
The question then arose that when the leader of the largest political party in the Parliament become the Prime Minister of India
there will be a constitutional confusion and conflict of interest in
the leader of the largest Political party in the provincial legislature become the Prime Minister of provinces therefore during
the debate in the constituent assembly it was decided the Prime
Minister of provinces essentially are Prime Ministers of provinces
concerned. They were called Chief Ministers. With the formation
on linguistic states, splitting provinces into states on the basis of
Language became necessary to term the Prime Ministers these
provinces as Chief Ministers. The Prime Minister is elected by the
People to Lok Sabha or returned to Rajya Sabah by the assemblies.
Chief Ministers also are elected by the People and returned to the
Legislative assembly. Thus a status the position the powers of both
Chief Ministers of States and Prime Minister are the same under
the constitution if the Prime Minister has powers enumerated in
the Union list of the constitution the Chief Ministers also has absolute powers to administer the state list so enumerate.
This is exactly what Dr.Jayalalitha meant. Her claim that the
Chief Ministers should be given ample opportunities to express
their views at the Chief Ministers conference is totally justified
and legally correct. The Rights of Chief Ministers of state to freely
express their views shall not be restricted or sabotaged. It is for
the purpose during 19-51,52-53,54, C.Rajagoplacahari who was
then Chief Minister of Madras Province suggested to Nehru at
the time of the conference that the Chief Ministers conferences
should be held in the Capitals of the provinces by rotation and
each province shall be the host. C.Rajagopalachari in consultation
with R.V.Krishna Ayyar the Legendary personality of Parliamentary history in India took this view but very unfortunately this
Legitimate expression of compromising issues was not accepted
then but now under changed political circumstance when the state
administration is held by the Chief Ministers of various competing
political parties the only solution for the problem political wisdom
demands the acceptance of this system and its implementations. I
suggest to Hon. Dr.Jayalalitha to call as a beginning a Chief Ministers conference at Chennai and start a New Political dimension
thus every state will have an opportunity to hold a Chief Ministers
conference and be host.

PROPER VERIFICATION NEEDED

For ATTESATION OF DOCUMENTS

MR.K.MARTIN AROKIARAJ

(ADVOCATE) GENERAL SECRETARY

THE NOTARIES ASSOCIATION OF TAMILNADU

Notarial function is a no-

ble one and forms an adjunct in the Judicial machinery. Notaries enjoy
an exalted position. It
carries respectability
and authenticity. Notaries have a responsibility to subscribe
their signatures and
affixing the seal only after the deponent signs his
name in their presence. This is
the expected and normal procedure of any notary to observe.
Notaries attesting the documents without proper verification of deponents signatures are exposed to the risk
of facing, show cause notices for prosecution.
The Judicial Pronouncement incitation JT 1996(4) SC
243 Dy. General Manager Redesignated as Deputy Director ISB etc Vs.Sudarshan Kumari & Ors.etc., would

go to prove the predicament of a Notary. Who signed

without proper verification of deponents signature. One
notary attested an affidavit on 1st November 1994, which
was a forged one for renewal of leave and licence to run
shops by a widow on compassionate grounds. Because
of notarys lapse in attesting the document without proper
verification, not only the petitioner suffered, but also the
notary concerned was in a bad situation.
This is a note of warning to all the Notaries and also a
guide line for them to observe all the procedural formalities in accordance with the statutory requirements.

Dr. Jayalalitha has raised an important constitutional and administrates issue; I hope shell pursue this to get this implemented.
Along with the conference of Chief Ministers of states, a conference of Chief Secretaries of states should also be conducted.
Such a conference will help administrative, cooperation between
states and will help solve administrative problems easily.
www.l awyersline.net

16

l awyers line

- JUly - 2013

.w M.A., M.L.,
P/ JC
(Para-Legal Volunteers)

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17

The following guidelines are laid down by the

Honble Supreme court in
its judgement in Delhi judicial Service Association, Tis
Hazari court Delhi vs State
of Gujarat and others.
In this ruling, the Apex
court held that in view of the
paramount necessity of preserving the independence
of judicial and at the same
time ensuring that infractions of law are properly
investigated the following.
a) If a Judicial officer
is to be arrested for some
offence, it should be done

under intimation to the District Judge or the High court

as the same case may be
b) If facts and circumstances necessitate the immediate arrest of a Judicial
officer of the Sub ordinate
judiciary, a technical or formal arrest may be effected.
c) The facts of such arrest should be immediately
communicated to the District and sessions Judge of
the concerned District and
the Chief Justice of the High
court.
d) The judicial officer so
arrested shall not be taken to
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a police station, without the

prior order or direction of
the District & sessions Judge
of the concerned District, if
available.
e) Immidiate facilities
shall be provided to the
judicial officer for communication with his family
members, legal advisors and
judicial officers, including the District & Sessions
Judge.
f) No statement of a judicial officer who is under
arrest be recorded nor any
panchnama be drawn up nor
any medical test be conductwww.l awyersline.net

ed except in the presence

of the legal Advisor of the
judicial officer concerned
or another judicial officer
of equal or higher rank, if
available.
g) There should be no
hand cuffing of judicial officer. If, however violent
resistance to arrest is offered
or there is imminent need to
effect physical arrest in order
to avert danger to life and
limb, the person resisting
arrest may be over powered
and hand cuffed. In such
case, immediately report
shall be made to the District

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& sessions judge concerned

and also to the Chief Justice
of the High court. But the
burden would be on the police establish the necessity
for effecting physical arrest
and handcuffing the judicial
officer and if it be established that the physical arrest
and hand cuffing of the Judicial officer was unjustified,
the police officers causing
or responble for such arrest
and hand cuffing would be
guilty of misconduct and
would also be personally
liable for compensation and
/or damages as may be sum18

marily determined by the

High court. It was further
held that these guildelines
are not exhaustive but are the
minimum safeguardes to be
observed in case of arrest of
judicial officer. These should
be implemented by the state
government as well as by
the high court. No Judicial
officer should visit apolice
station on his own except in
connection with his official
and judicial duties and functions, and this also with prior
intimation to the District and
Sessions Judge.
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