Como Detectar e Solucionar problemas de Voz em Roteadores Cisco Para detectar a causa ou origem dos problemas de voz preciso

o ter uma boa experincia e alguns comandos e debugs que podem auxiliar nesta busca. Alm de algumas tabelas de informaes como "disconnect cause" e Seqncia de chamada do R2 Digital, que estaro neste captulo. A seqncia de um troubleshooting deve ser iniciada com a sinalizao local. Pode ser verificada a sinalizao local dos dois sites envolvidos, antes de comear a verificar a sinalizao de rede e finalmente verificar as chamadas ponto a ponto. Comandos para verificar status e sinalizao local Alm de alguns comandos que podemos utilizar para verificar a Sinalizao Local, podemos tambm usar o Loop interno para tentar isolar o problema. importante verificar se o cabeamento que est sendo utilizado est correto, levando em conta o tipo de cabo e a pinagem correta. Agora vamos ver alguns comandos que nos auxiliam na descoberta de problemas. Show version Este comando utilizado para verificar se as placas de voz foram reconhecidas devido ao software que est sendo utilizado. router # sh ver cisco 1751 (MPC860P) processor (revision 0x200) with 55706K/9830K bytes processor board ID JAD063401XB (868143625), with hardware revision 0000 MPC860P processor: part number 5, mask 2 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 1 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s) 2 Voice FXS interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 32768K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Show diagnostic Este comando utilizado para verificar se o equipamento reconheceu as placas PVDM de forma correta e se os DSPs esto disponveis. Router# show diag Show voice dsp Mostra algumas caractersticas e status das DSPs, e como esto associadas com as portas e quais so os cabealhos que utilizam. Router# show voice dsp

Show voice port Mostra detalhadamente todas as configuraes, inclusive as default de uma porta de voz especfica, dizendo o tipo da interface e seu status. Este comando tem algumas diferenas de acordo com o tipo da interface. Router# show voice port 3/0 Show voice port sumary Mostra de forma resumida o status de todas as portas de voz. Router# show voice port summary

Show voice call sumary Mostra de forma resumida o status das chamadas que esto ocorrendo no momento em que se d o comando. Mostra o Cabealho utilizado, se VAD est ativado ou no e o status VPM e VTSP. router# show voice call sumary

Show controller E1 Mostra status e caractersticas configuradas no controller E1. sempre bom verificar erros e slips para verificar se o aterramento est OK! Router# show controller e1 3/0 Show dial-peer voice Mostra todas as informaes do dial-peer, inclusive as caractersticas default que no aparecem quando se d o "show running-config". Router# show dial-peer voice 1 Show dial-peer voice sumary Mostra de forma resumida as principais informaes do Dial-peer, inclusive o status. Router # show dial-peer voice sumary Show frame-relay pvc Mostra os PVCs ativos e no ativos e como esto sendo utilizados no roteador. Router# show frame-relay pvc PVC Statistics for interface Serial2/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

Show frame-relay pvc n Mostra especificamente um PVC e possvel verificar se o QoS est ativado e est configurado de forma correta, mostra inclusive encapsulamento VoFr, fragmentao estc. Router# show frame-relay pvc 240 Show policy-map interface Mostra o policy aplicado na interface de sada de voz, os pacotes que foram marcados e qual a banda que esto utilizando. Router# show policy-map interface Serial0/0.1: DLCI 100 Show gatekeeper endpoint Comando utilizado no gatekeeper, mostra todos os gateways que esto associados a este gatekeeper. Raleigh3640A# show gatekeeper endpoint Show gatekeeper gw Comando utilizado no gatekeeper, mostra todos os prefixos registrados no gatekeeper e seus respectivos destinos. SanJose3640A# show gatekeeper gw

Show call active voice brief Mostra as chamadas que esto ativas de forma resumida com suas caractersticas, tempo de durao, origem e destino das chamadas. Router# show call active voice brief Show call history voice last n Mostra o histrico de chamadas que foram feitas, suas caractersticas e tempo. Router# show call history voice last 1 Show gatekeeper call Comando utilizado no gatekeeper, mostra as chamadas ativas no gatekeeper. Raleigh3640A# show gatekeeper call show voice call status Em algumas verses de software mais novas podemos verificar o status das ligaes ativas. router#show voice call status

*************************************************************************************************************** ************** ->COMANDOS DO VOIP E SEUS TESTES: --ATRAVS DO COMANDO "SHOW VERSION", VERIFICAR AS PLACAS INSTALADAS E RECONHECIDAS NO ROUTER. L PODER OBSERVAR SE EXISTE PLACA DE VOZ OU NO: Cisco 2811 (revision 53.51) with 247808K/14336K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FTX1233A1A6 2 FastEthernet interfaces 2 Serial(sync/async) interfaces 1 Virtual Private Network (VPN) Module 2 Voice FXS interfaces <<<<< PLACAS DE VOZ DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled. 239K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 62720K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2102 senac_sp_20#

-- ATRAVS DO COMANDO "SHOW RUNNING", VERIFICAR OS ENDERES DAS PLACAS COMO NO EXEMPLO ABAIXO O USURIO POSSUI DUAS PLACAS: control-plane ! ! ! voice-port 0/2/0 cptone BR ! voice-port 0/2/1 cptone BR

! dial-peer voice 1 pots destination-pattern 026 port 0/2/0 ! dial-peer voice 2 pots destination-pattern 026 port 0/2/1 ! --NO ESQUECER TAMBM DE UTILIZAR O COMANDO SHOW DIAG PARA VISUALIZAR SE O COMPRENSOR (PVDM - CONVERSOR DE VOZ PARA DADOS) EST INSTALADO. CEU_AZUL_ITAPETININGA_502739#sh diag

PVDM Slot 0: 16-channel (G.711) Voice/Fax PVDMII DSP SIMM PVDM daughter card Hardware Revision : 4.0 Part Number : 73-8538-05 Board Revision : B0 Deviation Number :0 Fab Version : 04 PCB Serial Number : FOC12385XKB RMA Test History : 00 RMA Number : 0-0-0-0 RMA History : 00 Processor type : 00 Product (FRU) Number : PVDM2-16 Version Identifier : V01 EEPROM format version 4 EEPROM contents (hex): 0x00: 04 FF 40 03 EF 41 04 00 82 49 21 5A 05 42 42 30 0x10: 88 00 00 00 00 02 04 C1 8B 46 4F 43 31 32 33 38 0x20: 35 58 4B 42 03 00 81 00 00 00 00 04 00 09 00 CB 0x30: 88 50 56 44 4D 32 2D 31 36 89 56 30 31 20 D9 02 0x40: 40 C1 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x50: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x60: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x70: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF

-- VERIFICADO ESSES PARAMETROS (PARA VER SE O VOIP TELEFONICA OU NO) UTILIZAR OS SEGUINTES COMANDOS PARA TESTES: "SHOW VOICE CALL STA" -> PARA VISUALIZAR SE TEM CHAMADAS ATIVAS senac_sp_20# SHOW VOICE CALL STA CallID CID ccVdb Port DSP/Ch Called # Codec No active calls found senac_sp_20# ---"SHOW VOICE CALL SUMM" -> VER STATUS DAS PLACAS INSTALADAS Dial-peers

senac_sp_20#SHOW VOICE CALL SUMM PORT CODEC VAD VTSP STATE VPM STATE ============== ========= === ==================== ====================== 0/2/0 - FXSLS_ONHOOK 0/2/1 - FXSLS_ONHOOK senac_sp_20# ---"SHOW VOICE PORT SUMM" -> VER SE O RAMAL EST ATIVO OU EM ESPERA PARA SER UTILIZADO senac_sp_20#SHOW VOICE PORT SUMM IN OUT PORT CH SIG-TYPE ADMIN OPER STATUS STATUS EC ============== == ============ ===== ==== ======== ======== == 0/2/0 -- fxs-ls up dorm on-hook idle y 0/2/1 -- fxs-ls up dorm on-hook idle y PWR FAILOVER PORT ================= senac_sp_20# ---"SHOW GATE" -> PARA VISUALIZAR SE O VOIP DO USURIO POSSUI SISTEMA GATEKEEPER OU NO (NO EXEMPLO ABAIXO NO POSSUI). senac_sp_20#SHOW GATE H.323 ITU-T Version: 4.0 H323 Stack Version: 0.1 H.323 service is up This gateway is not registered to any gatekeeper Alias list (CLI configured) E164-ID 026 Alias list (last RCF) is empty senac_sp_20# ---"SHOW VOICE REGISter STAtistics" -> PARA VISUALIZAR OS CONTADORES (REGISTROS DE LIGAES) DO VOIP. senac_sp_20#SHOW VOICE REGISter STAtistics Global statistics Active registrations : 0 Total Registration Statistics Registration requests : 0 Registration success : 0 PSTN FAILOVER PORT ==================

Registration failed : 0 unRegister requests : 0 unRegister success : 0 unRegister failed :0

senac_sp_20# ---"CSIM START + RAMAL DO CLIENTE" -> SERVE PARA EFETUAR UMA LIGAO PARA O RAMAL SELECIONADO PARA VER SE ATENDE senac_sp_20#CSIM START 085 csim: called number = 085, loop count = 1 ping count = 0 . csim: loop = 1, failed = 0 csim: call attempted = 1, setup failed = 0, tone failed = 1 senac_sp_20# ---"show dial-peer voice summary" -> SERVE PARA VER TODOS OS RAMAIS QUE ESTO PROGRAMADOS E SEUS RESPECTIVOS IP'S senac_sp_20#show dial-peer voice summary dial-peer hunt 0 AD PRE PASS OUT TAG TYPE MIN OPER PREFIX DEST-PATTERN FER THRU SESS-TARGET PORT 1 pots up up 026 0 up 0/2/0 2 pots up up 026 0 up 0/2/1 10 voip up up 002[2,7]... 0 syst ipv4:200.153.38.75 20 voip up up 020 0 syst ipv4:200.232.38.102 23 voip up up 023 0 syst ipv4:200.232.41.98 24 voip up up 024 0 syst ipv4:200.153.40.130 25 voip up up 025 0 syst ipv4:200.232.38.126 26 voip up up 026 0 syst ipv4:200.232.41.110 27 voip up up 027 0 syst ipv4:200.148.201.218 29 voip up up 029 0 syst ipv4:200.232.38.98 31 voip up up 031 0 syst ipv4:200.232.38.130 ---*************************************************************************************************************** ************** ->QUANDO VOC FAZ TODOS OS TESTES CERTIFICANDO QUE O LINK EST FUNCIONANDO NORMALMENTE E MESMO CONECTANDO UM NOTEBOOK DIRETO NO CPE CONTINUA COM LENTIDO, OLHAR AS ROTAS CRIADAS JUNTO COM A DEFAULT NO CPE POIS AS MESMAS PODEM GERAR REDUNDANCIA (NO SO NE CESSRIAS POIS O QUE PERMITE O ACESSO AO PUTTY SO ACESSLIST CRIADOS NO PE NO SENDO NECESSARIO O APONTAMENTO NO CPE PARA PERMI TIR O TELNET DO PUTTY NO CPE). ELAS FAZEM PARTE DA PROGRAMAO QUANDO

STAT

SE CRIA A ROTA DEFAULT (QUANDO O CLIENTE NO TRABALHA COM O PROTOCOLO BGP) PORM NO SO NECESSRIAS. EX: SITUAO ATUAL # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 187.92.171.17 preference 60 ip route-static 200.153.1.0 255.255.255.0 187.92.171.17 preference 60 >>> ROTA REDULTANTE ip route-static 200.204.1.4 255.255.255.255 187.92.171.17 preference 60 >>> ROTA DE DIVULGAO PARA O ACESSO DO PUTTY # SITUAO NA QUAL RETIRADA AS ROTAS DEIXANDO APENAS A DEFAULT # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 187.92.171.17 preference 60 # *************************************************************************************************************** ************** PARA VISUALIZAR QUEDAS NA PACOTES: SELECIONAR QUERY HISTORY ALARM EFETUAR COMANDO: EM/MDULO FRUNI/ LMI OU FRAME SELECIONAR CRITICAL E CLEARED *************************************************************************************************************** ************** -->VERIFICAR IP'S CONFIGURADOS QUANDO O ROUTER FOR DO CLIENTE . br-spo-pe-ra2#sh ip ro vrf V3106:Sergio_Tadeu_Melero | i 172 172.18.0.0/24 is subnetted, 11 subnets S 172.18.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2/0.1/3/1/3:27 B 172.18.13.0 [200/0] via 200.204.4.66, 1w2d S 172.18.8.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2/0.1/3/1/1:0 S 172.18.6.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2/0.1/3/1/3:30 B 172.18.7.0 [200/0] via 200.204.4.38, 6d14h B 172.18.4.0 [200/0] via 200.204.4.38, 1d16h *************************************************************************************************************** ************** -->VERIFICAR QOS NO CPE [<VPG_TRACBEL_BEBEDOURO>]dis qos policy int Mp-group1 Interface: Mp-group1 Direction: Outbound Policy: BUSINESS_512K_WAN Classifier: default-class Matched : 12191779/3056638994 (Packets/Bytes) 5 Min Rate: 18729 bps Rule(s) : if-match any Behavior: be Default Queue: Flow Based Weighted Fair Queuing

Max number of hashed queues: 256 Matched : 89179/83994331 (Packets/Bytes) Enqueued : 89179/83994331 (Packets/Bytes) Discarded: 0/0 (Packets/Bytes) Classifier: Suporte_VPN-IP Matched : 6231/256034 (Packets/Bytes) 5 Min Rate: 0 bps Operator: OR Rule(s) : if-match dscp af21 if-match dscp af22 if-match dscp cs2 Behavior: Suporte_VPN-IP Committed Access Rate: CIR 8000 (bps), CBS 8000 (bit), EBS 0 (bit) Conform Action: pass Exceed Action: discard Conformed: 6231/256034 (Packets/Bytes) Exceeded : 0/0 (Packets/Bytes) Classifier: Multimidia_VPN-IP Matched : 12008677/723869469 (Packets/Bytes) 5 Min Rate: 33 bps Operator: OR Rule(s) : if-match dscp ef if-match dscp cs5 if-match dscp af41 if-match dscp cs4 Behavior: Multimidia_VPN-IP Expedited Forwarding: Bandwidth 160 (Kbps), CBS 4000 (Bytes) Matched : 49029/1208125 (Packets/Bytes) Enqueued : 49029/1208125 (Packets/Bytes) Discarded: 0/0 (Packets/Bytes) Classifier: Prata_VPN-IP Matched : 55489/5870595 (Packets/Bytes) 5 Min Rate: 81 bps Operator: OR Rule(s) : if-match dscp af12 if-match dscp cs1 Behavior: Prata_VPN-IP Assured Forwarding: Bandwidth 280 (Kbps) Matched : 204/21580 (Packets/Bytes) Enqueued : 204/21580 (Packets/Bytes) Discarded: 0/0 (Packets/Bytes) *************************************************************************************************************** ************** -->PING ESTENDIDO NO 3 COM [VPG_MP_LOGISTICA_499180]ping -c 500 -s 1000 -a 187.92.38.169 187.51.54.93 PING 187.51.54.93: 1000 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 187.51.54.93: bytes=1000 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=26 ms Reply from 187.51.54.93: bytes=1000 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=26 ms

*************************************************************************************************************** ************** -->VERIFICAR TODOS OS CONTADORES DE ERROS NO CISCO FUND_SP_296344-42725#sh int | i line | counters | err *************************************************************************************************************** ************** --> circcuito testado estava placa de voz travada foi dado shut no shut teste com vilma VILMA 011 26847661 ok [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice] subscriber-line 2/0 FXS interface encountered [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line2/0]shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line2/0]undo shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>]voice-setup [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice] subscriber-line 2/1 FXS interface encountered [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line2/1]shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line2/1]undo shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice] subscriber-line 3/0 [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line3/0]shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line3/0]undo shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice] subscriber-line 3/1 [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line3/1]shutdown [<VPG_HIKARI_FERRAZ>-voice-line3/1]undo shutdown