Digital Audio Monitoring

SET2008

Presented by Ing. Jess V. Osorio Lpez

Back to basics

Distortions
THD+N (Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise)
IN=f OUT=2f, 3f,.nf

IMD (Inter modulation distortion)

IN=f1 & f2 OUT= f1+f2, f1-f2, f1*f2

25 August 2008

Phase Differences and Correlation

If Sound Phase Same Between Speakers
Phantom Source specific spot In Phase - Correlation is +1
Phantom Source

If Sound Phase Different Between Speakers

Phantom Source not specific, rather is smeared Sounds origin over an area More difference in phase, the wider the area 180 degrees out of phase, Correlation is -1
Phantom Source

25 August 2008

Loudness

25 August 2008

Basic Monitoring

Monitoring
Amplitude, Phase and Correlation Monitoring
Similar to analog, a need exists to monitor phasing of two or more digital stereo pairs Left display is in phase Right display is out of phase

25 August 2008

Monitoring
Meter Ballistics
VU (Volume Unit) Meter Shows average volume level Symmetric rise and fall times Based on oldest analog dials Peak Program Meter Displays quasi-peak levels Fast rise and slow fall time True Peak Meter Displays actual peaks Nearly instantaneous rise and fall times

25 August 2008

Monitoring
Meter Scale
dBFS Decibels Full Scale where 0dBFS is a sample of all 1s This is the default selection

Peak Program Level

Default -8dBFS User can change

Test Level
Default -18dBFS User can change

25 August 2008

Monitoring

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25 August 2008

Monitoring

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Monitoring
Monitoring Levels
Monitoring with Bars Meter Ballistics Amplitude Levels Clip (all 1s) Over (-8dBFS) Silence (-70dBFS) Mute (all 0s) In Bar Displays
Unlocked AES CRC Error Silence AES V Bit Mute

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25 August 2008

Surround Sound Monitoring

Surround Sound Display

Allows visualization of interaction between multiple channels
Left (L), Right (R), Center (C), Left Surround (Ls), Right Surround (Rs) Show Dominant Sound Correlation between channels Phantom Phase Indicators Linear or A Weighting Filters

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25 August 2008

Basics of the Surround Display

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25 August 2008

Phantom Source Indicators

Associated with each channel pair Provides indication on the localization of the sound White tic mark indicates correlated sound (+1) Slightly Correlated (<0.9) Negative Correlation (<0.2) Out of Phase (-0.3)

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25 August 2008

Basic Display
Linear (RMS) Filter
Linear relationship between amplitude of sound and display

A Weighting Filter
Amplitude modulated by frequency of sound related to human auditory response

Correlation
Bend outwards In-Phase Straight Line 0 Correlation Bend inwards Out-Phase

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Example Displays

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25 August 2008

Metadata Monitoring

Metadata Parameters 3Ds DialNorm

DialNorm Dialogue Normalization

Uniform dialogue levels when decoding a Dolby stream. Conveyed once per block (5ms) Valid Range 1 to 31

Program 1 High Quality Entertainment Program SPL 67dB SPL 92dB

Dialogue Level SPL 67dB

Volume

DialNorm 25dB

Volume

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25 August 2008

Metadata Parameters 3Ds DialNorm

DialNorm Dialogue Normalization

Uniform dialogue levels when decoding a Dolby stream. Conveyed once per block (5ms) Valid Range 1 to 31

Program 2 Commercial Message SPL 67dB DialNorm 15dB SPL 82dB

Dialogue Level SPL 67dB

Volume

Volume

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25 August 2008

Metadata Parameters 3Ds Dynrng Example

Loud Sound Full Scale Peak Level 0dB Dynrng -15dB

0dB

-15dB

DialNorm 25dB
-55dB -75dB

Quiet Sound

50dB Below Dialogue Level (-75dB)

Dynrng +20dB

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25 August 2008

Metadata Parameters 3Ds DownMix

Ability to hear all L C R Ls Rs in a stereo mix (Lo Ro) Stereo DownMix

-3/ -4.5/ -6 dB

-3/-6/0 dB -3/-6/0 dB

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Metadata Parameters 3Ds DownMix

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25 August 2008

Audio structure Review

AES/EBU Data Structure (Review)

One Block = 192 Frames One Frame = 2 Subframes Start of Block indicated by Z Preamble

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25 August 2008

AES/EBU Frames & Subframes (Review)

Y Subframe

Frame

32 Bits/subframe 4 Preamble Bits, 24 Data Bits, 1 Validity, 1 User, 1Channel Status & 1 Parity

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25 August 2008

Ancillary Data Format (Review)

SMPTE 291M Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting

ADF Ancillary Data Flag (ADF) is a three-word header 000h 3FFh 3FFh DID Data ID identifies the type of data packet DBN Data Block Number optional counter determines missing data DC Data Count (DC) word indicating the size of data packet Checksum Simple error detection

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25 August 2008

HD Audio Control Packet (Review)

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25 August 2008

Channel Status Mapping WFM7120

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25 August 2008

Loudness Monitoring

What is Loudness ?
Loudness is a subjective measure
Different people perceive loudness differently

Loudness is primarily a psychological correlation of the physical intensity of the audio signal. Different techniques have been used to provide correlation of the overall loudness of the signal. Different filters are used to adjust the models to perceived loudness of the human ear.

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25 August 2008

Loudness Measurements Standards

IEC 61672-1
Electroacoustics Sound Level Meters

ITU 1770
Algorithms to measure audio program loudness and true-peak audio level

ITU 1771
Requirements of loudness and true-peak indicating meters

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25 August 2008

Configuring Loudness Measurement

Select Weighting Filter
Linear, A Weighted, RLB

Select Duration Select Start & Stop Time Leq, LAeq or L(RLB) measurements
Individual Channel Channel Pairs Selected Channels 10 second Short Average Infinite duration of Session Program Average
True Peak Audio Level

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25 August 2008

Audio Vide Delay Monitoring

Audio Video Delay

Flash/Pop Sequence Uses Ch 1 & 2 of audio bars & active video input Embedded, AES & Analog audio input

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25 August 2008

Summary

Summary FlexVu@Channel Status

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25 August 2008

Summary FlexVu@Error Status

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25 August 2008

Question time?

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25 August 2008