Efficiency increase of information services in3G and 4G networks, using MIMOsystems

The basic idea of a CDMA system to overcome the multipath problem is built on the fact that a spread spectrum signal has a much wider bandwidth occupancy than its original baseband signal, such that the spread spectrum signal will offer a unique property that multipath diversity can be made possible due to its excellent time resolution derived from its very wide bandwidth signaling. A RAKE receiver can be used to resolve different multipath returns individually and combine them again in a coherent or non-coherent way, to achieve the multipath diversity capability, which has become one of the most important technical features that make CDMA a very attractive multiple access technology for 2G and 3G wireless communications.

Design and fabrication of a dual electrically small MIMO antenna system for 4G terminals
Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology will be used by fourth generation mobile networks (also called Long Term Evolution-LTE) to achieve very high data rates in both the uplink and downlink channels. MIMO is based on the use of multiple antenna systems within the mobile terminal as well as the base station. Such antenna systems are required to fit within the hand-held (mobile) terminal which occupies a small size (typically not more than 60 100 mm2). Antenna integration and miniaturization are two major challenges. We propose an electrically small antenna (ESA) that is based on the meander antenna structure that operates in the 800 MHz band of LTE and 3G cellular standards. The antenna has a measured center frequency of 897 MHz, bandwidth of 185 MHz and total size of 23.5 43 mm2. In addition, we present the design of a dual element MIMO antenna system based on the ESA antenna designed. The dual element MIMO antenna system covers the bands from

760-886 MHz and occupies an area of 40 50 mm 2. Both simulation and experiment results from the fabricated antennas are presented.

Multi-BS MIMO cooperation: challenges and practical solutions in 4G systems

Various multiple-input multiple-output techniques have been introduced to improve performance of next-generation systems. In single-cell environments, closedloop MIMO schemes increase the system capacity as well as cell coverage. In cellular networks where interference coming from other cells is usually a dominant factor, several multiple-base-station cooperation schemes have been introduced to mitigate the intercell interference. In this article, we first provide an overview of scenarios and technology categories for multi-BS MIMO cooperation schemes. Next we introduce closed-loop multicellMIMO techniques adopted in IEEE 802.16m, which do not require data forwarding among different base stations. In particular, this article explains the overall operations which minimize overhead. We also present simulation results that confirm the efficiency of the presented interference mitigation method.