ding. r wall & transfers lateral weather.

Diagram 1 :Function of a wall

d resistant to the nd.

-Fire resistance -Acoustic resistance -Resistant to weathering effects -Heat transmission control -Aesthetic purpose for M & E services Diagram 2 :Function of a wall

Contents Of Work

Figure (4.1) Wall Masonry

Figure (4.2) Precast Concrete

Figure (4.3) Wall Masonry

Type of Mortar Joints

Diagram: Type of Mortar Joints

Step 5: Start at each end, hook a line up at both ends so it lines up with the very top of the bricks

Wood Board Support

lid Rocks Setup the line Fill the middle

here you want the ng they are.

Step 6: Keep laying the ends up then fill in the middle till you get to your destined height.

Using a one brick for the next level Step 7: Repeat the process, start at each end and fill the middle until the brick wall is completed.

Raise the line to the next level

Type of ceiling Unfinished Ceilings - In this type no additional effort is made to treat the underside of the structure overhead. These types are referred to as unfinished ceilings. This could even be an exposed structure. This may develop an attractive view overhead.

Direct Finish - Direct finish is thick plaster-like paint on concrete. It brings a smooth or textured finish.

Direct Surfacing - This could be Gypsum, Drywall or other panel material attached directly to underside of Structure. Direct surfacing could be coupled with intermediate framing. Closely spaced strip elements could be attached to widely spaced structure panel material that is attached to strips.

a soft, e or

Step 4: Install Wiring If recessed lights are being installed, place the wiring before putting the suspension wires in place. Fluorescent light fixtures can also be centred over the panels and a luminous lay-in panel can be used instead of a regular ceiling panel.

o scale on

ed ceiling. order as large

ng will be of light and Step 3: Attach Wall Angles Step 4: Install Wiring

ended to 4 inches e new ce will be

he level nks and make a osses the level

the main tee can be spliced. Be sure to align the splice so that the suspension wires are correctly positioned. Splice carefully, or all the main tees will be thrown off.

e Main and Cross Tees tees so that they are all level with the wall angle already mounted. Use a long tall the cross tees by inserting the ends of the cross tees into the slots in the the manufacturer's instructions for fitting the cross tees into position. Determine the cross tees by the pattern selected. Step 8: Place the Ceiling Panels Drop the ceiling panels into position by tilting them slightly, lifting them above the framework and letting them fall into place.

ace the Ceiling Panels

Completed ceiling

Rebar Plywood Formwork Figure (4.6) Zoomed in concrete formwork

Figure (4.5) Formwork for concrete wall

Figure (4.7) Formwork inside

Figure (4.8) Putting of rebar inside concrete column formwork

Figure (4.10) A concrete baptism pool

Figure (4.12) Concrete beams

Figure (4.13) Concrete retaining wall

Concrete

Finisher

Figure (4.15) Applying more cement

Figure (4.16) Smoothing concrete surface

ure (4.14) Concrete wall

Precast concrete

ning Utilizing a Precast Concrete system offers many potential advantages over site casting of concrete. The production process for Precast Concrete is performed on ground level, which helps with safety throughout a project. There is a greater control of the quality of materials and workmanship in a precast plant rather than on a construction site. Financially, the forms used in a precast plant may be reused hundreds to thousands of times before they have to be replaced, which allows cost of formwork per unit to be lower than for site-cast production.

und proof Rough opening exterior

e for sound istance

Head Stop

ace to operate

exterior ss for door width

Jamb Casing Threshold

e width of the

and storage
Diagram (1) Components of Door

m thick

Figure (6.0) Examples of timber door

me with architrave 38mm thick oor with nyatoh ply on both sides. with varnish

Diagram (3) Installing door

hinges

Figure (6.1) Installation of door

Construction method 1. Erect door frame at the correct position. Supporting wood help to ensure the doorframe in correct position. 2. Laying brickwork until the same level as the head of the door frame. 3. Insert hold fast strap in between brickworks 4. Gaps between door frame is infill with cement mortar. 5. Construct lintel 6. Mastering 7. Install door
Figure (6.2) Before installation

Awning

Picture Awning transom Hopper Transom Single Casement Single Hopper Single Awning VerIcal Pivot Horizontal Pivot

Single Hung Double Hung Uneven Single Hung Uneven Double Hung

Single Hung

Double Casement

Glider

Pass Through

ow

Basement

ws

ame
Figure (6.3) Casement window

ed frame

Figure (6.4) Fixed window

Figure (6.5) Installing frame

Jamb

nner frame with glass

Figure (6.6)After installation

hod

Diagram (6) Window detailed section Diagram (7) Window detailed section (plan view)

estation.

Figure (3.4) Site was cleared out to make foundation. Figure (3.3) Wheel loader was used to remove unwanted soil aside for easy working on the foundation later on.

ydraulic as used to dig out in level down the

Worker ement on soil

Figure (3.12) Manual mixing of soil and cement

Figure (3.13) Cement added with water

Worker flattening using a plate

Figure (3.16) Flatten surface of concrete

Figure (3.17) Larger flatten surface of concrete

9) Pumping in making concrete

Figure (3.20) Evenly mixed concrete

Figure (3.21) Completed concrete base is left to dry

er using a achine to

Figure(3.24) Bent rebars ready to be place on site

more sturdy and strong to withstand ground movements.

ebar laying on

Figure (3.27) Worker started to install vertical rebar

Figure (3.28) Worker joining the rebar

most done allation

Figure (3.31) Done installing rebars

Figure (3.32) Putting of plastic sheet around rebar for casting of concrete later.

work made

Figure (3.35) Worker making of formwork next to rebar

Figure (3.36) Wood support to hold the formwork

orker putting up

Figure (3.39) installing rebar near formwork

Figure (3.40) Complete installation of formwork and ready for concrete making

2) Worker spread out ete evenly

Figure (3.43) Bubbles of air raise up from the concrete Figure (3.44) Worker waiting for the settle of concrete

ry concrete after

Figure (3.47) Rebar protruding out of concrete

Figure (3.48) Formwork removed showing dry concrete

Drum

Figure After done mixing the concrete, the mixture can be poured out and used.

A Concrete Mixer

Diagram Crane for lifting concrete cement

Figure Used for lifting other heavy things such as concrete bar or steel bar to other places horizontally.

s to e a vels are aulic aulic

Diagram Hydraulic Excavator

mainly used for digging.

nt nd or alt, gs, ck,

Figure Wheel loader lifting and removing soil away to the designated area.

Figure

Diagram Figure() shows truck unloading soils from trailers.

Figure Preparing for formwork to support newly placed concrete later on.

metal bending machine

Figure ()machine to bend the metal bars.

Figure () After bending, metal bars are ready to be used in forming reinforced concrete.

Diagram Road roller used for flattening of surfaces.

sed to flatten surfaces. In the construction site, it is usually used to flatten

Figure Worker using plate vibrator to flatten cement.

Figure Result of flatten surface after using plate vibrator.

Air compressor
It is a converted power to kinetic energy by compressing air in high pressure. Therefore, it could provide temporary electricity to the machinery on site.

teel

.3) Sand

is store ter used.

Diagram (1)Process of air compressor

Figure (9.6) Air compressor

Figure (9.7) Interior part of container meeting room

Toilet facilities should me laid out convenient and easy for workmen to use.

Toilet

igure (9.8) Front View

Figure (9.10) Public toilet

Diagram Facilities inside public toilet

Figure (9.9) Kitchen

found in Construction

ng vehicles, plant me delay if timing of in d.

Figure (9.12)

ly lightweight, and fire resistant material that can be used not subject to moist or wet conditions.

Wall

Masonry wall

Scratch coat Floating Coat

Portland cement stucco

Figure (9.13) Building Coated by Plaster

g details drawing

coatings: Primer coat Finish coat

wall

Plaster Primary Coat Putty Coat Second Primer Coat

Figure (9.14) Paint Colour Label

Unglazed mosaic tile Scratched cement coat Figure (9.15) Unglazed Mosaic Tile

nt self laying floor surface for use in al area. pattern and colours. proof ,anti-freeze and able to withstand ht condition yet it is easily to be install

Glue PVC woodlike flooring

Figure (9.16) Installing PVC Flooring

e Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and nt Garden, London. Printed by W. Trounce, Cursitor George Howell. Page 194. The beauty of brickwork y kept, that is, the prefect regularity of the

Publisher) in associaIon with Peter Crawley. An imprint on WC2R 0BB. 1997. isbn 0575065354. Page 39. British y 65 mm [...]. nits. Part 1: Clay Masonry Units. BSI, London, 2003, BS

Data (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. p. 191. ISBN 0-

010.

pecifies a rise between 4 and 7.5 inches (100 and

esign Guide, June 1998 CR 78-156, BOSTI, December 1978

changes in temperature & moisture content djacent walls ame from external sourc es

ght pitch so as to drain rainwater.

3 ply built-up Roofing over 2 rigid insulation. T & G plywood glued and screwed to trusses Truss as indicated on framing plan supported in simpson WMU top flange hanger with (2) 16d DPLX & (6) 10DX 1-1/2 nails. Simpson MTS30 at each truss with (14)d nails (995# UL) 2x6 studs at 12 o.c

Section Plan

Installation Of Roof:

The roof consist of a light weight steel truss and a metal roof covering. The light weight truss was prefabricated at the factory and subsequently installed at site. The material arriving at site will be immediately hoisted up using a mobile crane. Installation is by process of getting the truss assembled and the roof covering to go on top together with the insulation and sisalation.

usses:

f longitudinal members y by angled cross-members, ternately inverted l triangle-shaped spaces ength, ensuring that no strut, beam, or tie is subject g or torsional straining t only to tension or on. Loads on the diagonals between compression and pproaching the center), rtical elements, while near the center must oth tension and on in response to live loads. uration combines strength omy of materials and can be relatively light. These are prefabricated lightweight flat trusses. They are typically spaced between 3 and 7 apart depending on the type of decking used.

Figure (7.1) Trusses

Diagram (3) Warren Truss

2 x 4 (38x89mm) framing at 16 (400mm) on centre 11/2(38mm) expanded polystyrene nailed to studs Sheathing membrane (air barrier) Horizontal metal sisng with fibreboard backing nailed through polystyrene to studs. Figure (7.2) Insulation of the roof

tal Roof Covering

Diagram (5) : Installation Of metal roofing

: LOT PT. 17507, MUKIM BATU,JALAN RESIDEN UTAMA, DESA PARKCITY, KUALA LUMPUR : DESA PARKCITY : 5 STOREY CHURCH : KUALA LUMPUR BAPTIST CHURCH : Clement Wong Architecture : SETIA RUNDING SDN.BHD er : KVA KONSULT : ECONCOS CONSULTANTS SDN.BHD : ONG PAY CHEE : PINGAT SEJAHTERA SDN.BHD

er Steel-toes shoes has a ession. d to prevent the workers

Figure 1.0 Some workers wear safety helmet and follow safety properties but mostly are not .

Figure1.1 Most of the worker wear boots or steel-toes shoes on site.

Figure 1.2 Gloves and steel-toes shoes is wear while moving tinted-glass

Diagram (d)

rt shoes during visiting to ned. ng at site (Diagram d). g of flammable material

Figure1.3 Visitors positive wearing on site.

Figure 1.4 No caution or warning sign seen on site.

or fenced with aluminum

climate and elimination of others operation are

Figure 1.5 Aluminum Hydraulic is erected and secure around excavated area. Figure1.6 Excavation compound is not secure with noticeable signboard.

ce obviously to warn the

Figure 2.0 Scaffolding is keep accordingly at material storage area.

e at place will endanger the

Figure 2.1 Aluminum scaffolding is easy to set up for overhead work maintenance and construction.

happened on site. tor is needed for peoples

er to prevent injure or inhalation

Figure 2.2 All of the staircase without hand rails. Figure 2.3 Drainage at entrance without cover of steel plat.

ake at open area(good

ing or polish material produce health.

workers.

Figure 2.4 The site is very dusty with material around the ground.

Figure 2.5 Wood cutting is taken at open area.

Kite Winder Riser Stair String

Radius

Tread Nosing Quarter Space Landing Landing Joist Tread Split Landing Wall String Newel Hand Rail Balustrade

Radius

e Radius

Constituent Parts Of Staircase

Landing

oor Level)

Metal Balustrade

Rails 12mm rods at 150mm centres

12mm rods across landing

12mm rods one to each tread

Landing Bears On Wall 15mm concrete cover Minimum 1200 rods at 1500mm centres

nimum)

tair Profile

Solid Ground Floor

Half Turn Reinforced Concrete Staircase

Steel bar Detail 1 Main bar Distribution bar

Wall String

Hanger Struts Riser board

Trowel

Concrete broom

ace
Plastic Cover

can then teps

o g
Water Sprayer

ll enclosing stair wall

Landing

Flight of steps

Section Plan

Lower flight to landing

Half- turn Stairs

Guards to prevent falling must be used where there is a drop of more than 600mm Figure (5.0) Stainless Steel Baluster

Handrail Height For General Use

hick hollow ail

15mm thick cement plaster Stainless steel cover 100 x 100 x 5mm thick steel plate screwed with 12mm bolt and nut

reen ss railing

hick H ster

Diagram 2: Detail A1

Figure (5.1) Ceramic Tile

Figure (5.2) Ceramic Tile

8"x12" Stair Tread Illustration

10"x12" Stair Tread Stair Tread Illustration

Beam
Beams are the horizontal membranes of a structure that is used to transmit the pressure towards the columns. All structural member is connected using steel bars and they are encapsulated by concrete

Joints between column and beam

ameter: Y16

2012.12.20 2012.12.26 2012.12.31 2013.01.05 2013.01.10 2013.01.14 2013.01.18 2013.01.22 2013.01.30

Pipe for wiring are installed, brick walls of rooms are covered with cement, air conditioner wiring is set Roof insulation system is installed, spotlight brackets in main hall are assembled, final touches on the concrete block wall in the main hall Concrete water pipe is constructed and linked throughout the building Water tank is assembled Final touches to concrete brick wall in main hall and progress of roof insulation system

with steel rebar for

s reinforcement

Brick railing is constructed Stairs, interior walls are painted in white matt paint, exterior brick and concrete wall is covered in cement, frames for acoustic panel is installed Acoustic panels are installed Granite tiles are installed in toilets, building exterior is painted, concrete slates are installed in the open area of the building

ruction

are placed near the is assembled

nted white as finishing,

hall is completed,

m h e y S a e lt f e t

Ma k s