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Garden Cities
WHY IT DOESNT WORK OUT
CCDU PLAN
IS THIS THE MOST SUITABLE PLAN? CULTURAL ZONE A comparison of the two master plans reveals little change to the behavioural patterns of pre-earthquake Christchurch residents. The new plan largely builds from the pre-existing behaviours of the pre-earthquake CBD, and contains similar qualities to the GARDEN CITY principles of Howard Ebenzer, in its seperation of residential zones from the core and main business districts -the GREEN FRAME serves to contain and densify the past pedestrian concentrations of the inner CBD. It is designed as an open space of natural environment that is capable of expanding for further development of commercial and residential zones. Within the green frame, lies only commercial infrasturctures. On the outside of the frame lies the rest of the city, its suburbs, and residential areas that lie close to the CBD. What may occur within the frame is a disconnection, and further reinforcement of the CBDs decrease in pedestrian density after 1800 hrs. This further disconnection may lead to the CBD decaying within the frame from lack of use. -the TRANSPORT HUB is located at the bottom of the compacted core, further down from the previous Bus Exchange. Whether past pedestrian behaviours will arise again is unknown, however from looking at trends, pedestrian concentrations may or may not wander purely within the inner core and retail zones, consequently ignoring access into the cultural bands. With street blocks remaining as large as they are now, pedestrian behaviours through and within the CBD will remain the same -There has been a larger focus on cultural aspects of the city by creating a band of cultural infrasturctures above the inner core. RETAIL ZONES have been situated more densely and compact, situated closely next to the transportation hub. The risk of planning master plans of cities is the loss of the intricate multi-faceted diversity of cities. Cities are messy and unpredictable, however from this you foster a petri-dish of communal involvement, diversity and energy between the varied districts of a city. -RESIDENTIAL has been placed on the outskirts of the green frame. This positioning only serves to disconnect, and decrease potential uses of the city during times after 1800 hrs, which would otherwise transform the city into a night-and-day alive city. What planners have missed, is that if you cant rely on people going to the CBD, you must place them there.
GREEN BELT
COMMERCE/ ECONOMIC ZONE RESIDENTIAL ZONE GREEN BELT RESIDENTIAL ZONE INDUSTRIAL ZONE GREEN BELT
ANALYSIS
Howard Ebenzer sought to fight against the slums within cities. His plan was to create a network of cities that were separated into bands of program, containing industry, residence, culture and commerce, separated by bands of open natural space. The model above is intended to become a module, in which city planners would then insert this model into their own urban fabric. Ebenezer separated and simplified urban spaces into bands of program to create an efficient and clean city. However, consequently, this master plan creates a module of bands that constrains the freedom and liberty of urban development, and its residents. Ebenezer has pre-determined the needs of the city, without getting to know its inhabitants and culture, which would otherwise provide the city with identity and culture.
Figure 2: Conservation of Historical and open spaces Preserve existing natural open parks and rivers Preserve Cathedral square for its historical significance
Figure 3: Perpendicular trajectories from Avon River Base Backbone of new Urban design on Avon River as it is located rougly within the middle of the CBD Potentail barrier that could separate one side of Christchurch CBD from the other. Can be utilised as a meeting point between two sides.
15
INHABITABLE CIRCULATION
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION
Due to the nature of our approach to the GREENFRAME, this project pursued urban planning in further depth and looked at a way in which landscaping could be utilised to further connect places that are different in nature and place. Since this projects original focus was on transportation, this project always held with priority, ways in which transportation could be enhanced, or made interesting.
URBAN PLAN
CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH..............................................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2: SITE ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 3: DESIGN CONCEPT..................................................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN STRATEGY................................................................................................................................................29 CHAPTER 5: FINAL URBAN PLAN...............................................................................................................................................41
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY
CHAPTER 1: DESIGN CONCEPT..................................................................................................................................................49 CHAPTER 2: DESIGN STRATEGY.................................................................................................................................................53
19
URBAN PLAN
21
Urban Plan
CHAPTER 1 - RESEARCH
Research into Urban planning, types of public spaces and typical dimensions of good models of urban design, such as Greenwich Village in New York, and Auch in France.
23
Urban Plan
URBAN PLAN COMPARISON
CHAPTER 1 - RESEARCH
City of Doing: Le Corbusiers master plan for St Di consists of object buildings dispersed in landscaped open space a city fragmented into differing things done in different places. This is a city in which not only is urban fabric fragmented, but so is civic life and the psyche of the citizens. In it life breaks down into discrete and discontinuous roles dispersed between different locations (home, workplace, sports field) requiring different modes of behavior (parent, employee, athlete or fan) all isolated, through which you travel by car or public transport .
City of Being: The Nolli plan of Rome shows a city of contiguous fabric, with the open space as the figure against the ground of buildings, a city in which you are immersed and exposed.
Nollis urban plan appears to be random and messy, however it is intended to richly configure an armature or capital web, of movement and green space systems interwoven to create as many qualitatively different places and locations as possible.
25
U1
RESEARCH
PUBLIC SPACES
A collection of different public spaces used throughout cities, created by landscaping and built structures.
VILLAGE PIAZZA, created by a collection of buildings surrounding a small square. Contained and comfortable space
PEDESTRIAN STREET, smaller in width, no access for vehicles, good for stores, businesses, markets, and festivals
CITY SQUARE, good spaces for market days, exhibitions, an communal area
PROMENADE, usually located along a river, good area for recreational activities.
BOULEVARD, beneficial for economy of retail and commercial businesses. Also, good place to position high rise buildings.
27
1
U1
RESEARCH
A city that exhibits good succession of public space is the compact historic center of Auch in south-west France.
The long axis of the esplanade is marked by a wider gap in the rows of trees that seems to continue into the arched doorway of the courthouse
Within a small area it has an extraordinary range of quite different interlocking spaces, each appropriately related to the civic buildings that face it, and that together offer a very interesting urban experience. Prominent in the plan of the city center are two squares of more or less the same shape and size centered on circular pools of identical size. One square, alongside the cathedral and where the medieval cloister once was, overlooks a steep slope and grand stair down to the River Gers and the countryside beyond. It is shady, quiet and contemplative, showing how the essential character of a place can persist through a public space. Across this square is the long market square, and the main facade of the cathedral. This relationship is made possible by the skewed alignment of the two squares. A smaller splay-sided square directly off the market square sets off what is the library at its end while steps up from the gyratory square lead to a long esplanade shaded by rows of plane trees In addition to this, Auch features a succession of pedestrian streets that hold cafes, restaurants and stores.
This square is a traffic gyratory on the main vehicular route through town. Here the fountain is a boisterously splashing affair to assert its presence above the traffic noise
A murmuring water spout is the fountain in the middle of the large pool, making just enough sound to enhance the sense of quietness.
29
U1
RESEARCH
Street is a GOOD WIDTH and promotes good visibility for stores across the street.
A Euro street, optimized for a pedestrian only street, appears to be approximately five meters in width. Cobblestone paving replaces typical asphalt paving for cars. Buildings are only fourstorey in height.
Street within Greenwich Village in New York, a good example of pedestrian activity and community. Storefronts and workshops allocated on ground floor of building, while residences and offices located on higher levels. Five to seven storey high buildings with ten meter wide streets is a good module for sun penetration into street and optimal pedestrian circulation.
31
Urban Plan
Analysis of context within Christchurch, and the transportation systems within Christchurch before the earthquake. Many things changed after the Earthquake, however an analysis of Christchurchs previous behavioral patterns will be needed in order to fully assess what is best for the development of the city.
33
Urban Plan
Context of the zoomed in area, showing how rest of city was neglected as public space
35
U2
SITE ANALYSIS
CHRISTCHURCH GRID
BLOCK SIZES ARE 243 m x 120 m Block sizes are too big to promote good pedestrian activity. For a pedestrian, getting from point A to point B would take a long monotonous walk. There is no opportunity for the pedestrian to go through shortcuts as nearly all the blocks within Christchurch are the same size, and follow the same orthogonal grid.
37
Urban Plan
Design concept came from analyzing the context of Christchurch and the different types of public spaces and Urban planning. What was revealed to me, is that in order to make a drastic shift away from dependency of the private vehicle, one needs to take on extreme ideas.
39
INHABITABLE CIRCULATION
Inhabitable circulation aims to retrn the condition of public space to urban space, encouraging social relations through a reflection on the nature of the street itself, on the uses to which it can be put - recovering others which have been abandoned or banned - and on the ability of ground floor storefronts to give energy to the street. Streets currently have a prevailing language: asphalt, streetlights, cars.........Inhabitable Circulation means taking it away from the setting of infrastructure and bringing it closer, through elements and activities, to its condition as a place.
41
Urban Plan
STEP 1: CONNECT:
Establish connection within and through band.
STEP 2: IDENTIFY:
Establish identities within band.
STEP 3: SUPERPOSE:
Combine the two independent schemes to achieve an urban strategy that is well circulated, and
43
Urban Plan
STEP 1: CONNECT
IDENTIFY SITE
CONNECT AND DOMESTICATE BY EXTENDING HIGH STREET AND VICTORIA STREET, AND REMOVING VEHICLE ROADS
I IDENTIFY PEDESTRIAN CONNECTION ROUTES THROUGH NEW PEDESTRIAN ONLY BAND. HEW KENN CHEW
45
U4
DESIGN STRATEGY
ESTABLISH NEW CAR KISS AND RIDES, AND BUS STOPS IN BETWEEN THESE INTERSECTIONS TO ENSURE GOOD ACCESSIBILITY TO POINTS AND TO KEY ANCHOR POINTS.
47
U4
DESIGN STRATEGY
RETAIN CHRISTCHURCHS GRID, BY SCALING THE GRID TO A MICRO SCALE OF 15 m x 1.5 m FROM 121 m x 243 m. CONNECT TO THE REST OF THE CITY BY DESIGNING WITHIN A SCALED VERSION.
SUPERPOSED INTERSECTIONS WITH 100 m MODULE TO CREATE A WORKING A TEMPLATE FOR THE FINAL URBAN PLAN, WITH KEY PUBLIC SPACES WITHIN THE NODES AND 100 m INVERTED BAND. HEW KENN CHEW
49
U4
DESIGN STRATEGY
STEP 2: IDENTIFY
ESTABLISH DIFFERENT DISTRICTS WITHIN BAND. RED TO REPRESENT SHARED SPACES BETWEEN DISTRICTS.
IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT PROGRAMS NEEDED TO ACCOMMODATE THE SURROUNDING DISTRICTS BASED ON SURROUNDINGS AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS. HEW KENN CHEW
51
U4
DESIGN STRATEGY
STEP 3: SUPERPOSE
SUPERPOSED ALL CONSTRAINTS AND PUBLIC SPACE ARRANGEMENT TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE PRODUCT OF CIRCULATION AND PROGRAM DRIVEN PLAN. HEW KENN CHEW
53
Urban Plan
55
Urban Plan
1-2 storey
3-4 storey
5-10 storey
10+ storey
57
U5
ORGANIZATION OF PROGRAMME All blocks within INHABITABLE CIRCULATION band is composed of multi-use programs, such as housing, offices, workshops, commercial and retail. Requirement for storefronts to be on ground level to ensure high street activity.
59
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY
61
Landscape strategy
The urban band is in danger of being disconnected due to the different uses and different forms of space within. In order to connect it as a whole, a network of connections between these spaces will be established by a GREEN TAPESTRY.
63
Landscape Strategy
65
Landscape strategy
Transverse ecological corridors will run through the band, along key circulation routes and will create paths similar to that of a nature hike through the city. Corridors are then joined together by a universal paving module to guarantee that these corridors are a connected unit, making a linear park to join CPIT to HAGLEY.
67
Landscape Strategy
PAVING MODULE
PERMAEBLE PAVING
Again, carrying on from the urban strategy, utilize Christchurchs historical grid as a scale to create paving sizes. Grid that was used to establish building footprints will now establish the position of paving.
Provides stormwater retention, and water for native plants and groundcover herbs.
SOIL
STONE PAVING
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm
69
Paving to influence way people circulate through the area. Park Terrace domesticated by adding median and additional pedestrian crossings into Hagley park zone. Kids playground provided within the village park, residences surrounding it to provide safety and constant surveillance. Poplar trees to be planted in grass areas to add some privacy and ecology. Benches provided around park.
AVON RIVER
HAGLEY PARK
71
50 metre gap between built forms and river, huge setback to allow for esplanade walk for pedestrians and cyclists. Clean, no gap paving used for esplanade walk for cyclists and cafe terraces near building. Loose, permaeble paving used as you descend down to river. Stone benches provided everywhere. Poplar trees to be planted in between wetland plantation and esplanade walk Stormwater to filter to wetland marshes and help it grow.
CYCLISTS LANE
73
75
A RECREATION STRIP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
P 8 INTRODUCTION P 11 AFTER THE FRAME P 12 IDENTIFYING THE STRIP P 14 CONCEPT P19 PATHWAYS p21 RIVER VECTORS p26 BRIDGES p35 ENERGY P39 PLANS P 43 FOCUS
INTRODUCTION
RECREATIONAL STRIP
The green stitch consists of four bands, the cultural, transportation, mixed use, and the production band. The avon river is an important element to the city of Christchurch but seems to slice the city into two. This project aims to present the Avon river as a strip which runs along the city connecting the two islands together offering the people of Christchurch entering this area or choose to cross the river rest and recreation. The recreational strip comprises of a series of different pathways, bicycle lanes, and bridges which offers a recreational and restoratonal experience to the people of the city of Chirstchurch, connecting the city together instead of segegrating it.
SAMUEL WONG
83
RECREATIONAL STRIP
SAMUEL WONG
87
CONCEPT
RECREATIONAL STRIP
ROOTS
Places of rest. Research into roots contained in soil revealed that once a root has set itself into soil, its interaction alters the ground conditions allowing the soild to becmoe capable of sustaining a system of life around it. This research can be translated into an architectural representation taking influence from the functionalties of roots. The concept of roots becomes a good starting point to the recreational strip as it the strip should not only be situated by the river to merely be there, but to sustain it, and give it more life, spreading sustianance throughtout the band. Sustainable and rich with vegetation
Functions
Socialable Enviroments Services/Functions working with other areas. Functions which allow for community involvement Architectural moments influencing the cityscape Marketplaces To absorb water and mineral salts from soil. To store food from the shoot system. To form a passage way for water and dissolve substance from the root into the stem. To structurally hold the plant from uprooting and overturning.
SAMUEL WONG
91
PATHWAYS
RECREATIONAL STRIP
RIVER VECTORS
RIVER VECTORS
Much like finding the strips, the recreational strips pathways will be derived from the river vectors. After comparing the two potential vector lines, again the perpendicular lines . The perpendicular vectors provide more linear pathways throughout the proposed recreational strip area which allow more flow to each part of the strip.
TANGENTIAL
PERPENDICULAR
SAMUEL WONG
95
RECREATIONAL STRIP
SAMUEL WONG
97
RECREATIONAL STRIP
PATHS CHOSEN
Recreational pathways exit at existing streets to continue the circulation.
LICHFIELD STREET
Pathways were chsoen to provide good public acress across the river, which includes pedestrians and bikers. They will also divide the strip up into different areas which can be focused on differently.
MONTREAL STREET
TAUM STREET
SAMUEL WONG
99
BRIDGES
RECREATIONAL STRIP
BRIDGES
TRANSPORT REST The connection across the river is important, and to make it more accessible and pedestrian friendly I have allocated 15 identifiable bridges that stretch across the river. Giving each bridge an identity makes them easy meeting places, and places of interest. The bridges have different functions which run from reading bridges, to a bridge for a market place, not to mention that each bridge within areas of influence of other bands will function directly under the influence of the area it is in. GARDEN BRIDGE
GENERAL SHELTERED
INHABITABLE REST
RECYCLED BRIDGE
GARDEN BRIDGE
SOCIAL SPACE STONE OBSTACLE BRIDGE ISLAND BRIDGE ART BRIDGE WEAVE BRIDGE
GRASS BRIDGE
SAMUEL WONG
103
RECREATIONAL STRIP
GRASS BRIDGE
WEAVE BRIDGE
ISLAND BRIDGE
OBSTACLE BRIDGE
The grass bridge is a continous strip of grass which runs across the bridge which continues onto the land. This bridge will offfers a lot of oppertunities such as picnics and rest. Where one can admire the sound of the river and fresh air.
The weave bridge consists of four layers of bridges which are formeed together in a weaved pattern to mimic the same way flax is weaved together. A techninque praticed by a lot of different cultures living in New Zealand such as the Maori and Polynesian
The island bridge crosses itself over to connect to an island located within the Avon River making it acessible to the public. This allows for the oppertunity to stay on the island to pratice different activies such as picnicing ,embracing the vegetation grown on the island and enjoiying being by the water side.
The obstacle bridge consists of 20 flat stones which stand in the river spaced away from each other. The intention of the bridge is purely for a recreational experience of stepping over each stone.
SAMUEL WONG
105
RECREATIONAL STRIP
LIBRARY BRIDGE
GARDEN BRIDGE
The library bridge is a wooden structure which is sheltered. The idea for this is that there will be books available to the community to read from inside this bridge with seating enough for up to 20 people.
This bridge is an extension of the social space it is situated next to, offering places to sit and be social suchs as benches and stairs while there is is a strip for pedestrians to walk across through the middle to friendly acess across the river. There is also a bicycle pathway which runs across the edge.
Though each bridge should have its own individual identity, I have another bridge dedicated purely just for social and rest as this bridge is also directly connected to the social spaces it is directly surrounded by, and should be treated the way it functions instead of just purely for connection.
The Garden Bridge is semi sheltered bridge constructed of wood with a steel frame which allows it to span across the river. It will be home to many different plants and trees, and allow for people to come to rest and enjoy nature, as it is also connected to another island, similar to the island bridge, but only has one exit.
SAMUEL WONG
107
RECREATIONAL STRIP
ENERGY
SAMUEL WONG
109
RECREATIONAL STRIP
Moonlight sensitive public lighting is a system that utilises available moonlight rather than overwhelming it with artificial light. The lights are designed to dim or even turn off on nights of brightest full-moonlight and can between 80 and 90% of energy normally spent on street lighting. This form of lighting would allow the public to have a sense of reconnection to nature while saving energy from public lighting. A nation wide swith to these lights would save a lot of money in the long run.
RECREATIONAL STRIP
PLANS
SAMUEL WONG
113
RECREATIONAL STRIP
SAMUEL WONG
115
RECREATIONAL STRIP
FOCUS
SAMUEL WONG
117
RECREATIONAL STRIP
MIXED USE
SHELTERED SPACES FOR PUBLIC ACTIVITIES RESTAURANT AND CAFES BASKETBALL COURT OUT DOOR WORKOUT PLAYGROUND SKATEPARK
OUTDOOR COURTYARD
OUTDOOR COURTYARD
LIBRARY BRIDGE
GARDEN
OUTDOOR COURTYARD
SAMUEL WONG
119
RECREATIONAL STRIP
PRODUCE
SAMUEL WONG
121
GREEN TRANSITIONS
123
table of contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................5
THE POTENTIAL IN CRISIS.................................................................................................................................................... 8 CONCEPT-WIND.................................................................................................................................................................... 11 PROGRAMME....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
BAND.......................................................................................................................................................................17
THE PROBLEM........................................................................................................................................................................18 THE SOLUTION......................................................................................................................................................................21 A NEW FORMULA...................................................................................................................................................................23 DESIGNING THE BAND...........................................................................................................................................................29 BUILT FABRIC..........................................................................................................................................................................37 CIRCULATION.........................................................................................................................................................................43
BLOCK.....................................................................................................................................................................51 POTENTIAL.......................................................................................................................................................53
BUILDING ORGANIZATION....................................................................................................................................................55 GREEN ALLOCATION............................................................................................................................................................. 59
BUILDING................................................................................................................................................................65
FORM.....................................................................................................................................................................................67 THE BRIDGE............................................................................................................................................................................73 FLUID STRUCTURE................................................................................................................................................................ 79 REACTIVE SKIN......................................................................................................................................................................81 PLANS ......................................................................................................................................................................82 TODAY................................................................................................................................................................................... 86 TOMORROW...........................................................................................................................................................................88
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-Introduction
INTRODUCTION
127
-Introduction
A POTENTIAL IN CRISIS
Christchurch has lost an enormous amount of its urban landscape following the February earthquake in 2011. The city has estimated the rebuild cost to exceed a total of $40 billion, stating that it would take the country 50-100 years to recover from this tragic event. This project aims to turn this catastrophic event into an opportunity to address the urban and architectural problems that coexisted before the earthquake in the new design of the city. This design centres around a green strip which introduces residential facilities into the city centre in the form of mixed use blocks to tackle the ever-growing need for accommodation. With this step, the project also aims to simultaneously address the rising dependency for long distant motor vehicle transport and the need for more retail and locally owned business to fuel the weakened economy. A large portion of space within this strip is dedicated to green for leisure and public services to encourage local gathering and establish a sense of community within the context of christchurch in hopes to activate the CBD and re establish christchurch city with a true notion of a Garden city.
129
-Introduction
CONCEPT - WIND
Wind is the primary element which acts as the initial architectural module for this program. This element is often undermined however research into Christchurch Regional winds, building shelters and public spaces in relation to wind volumes have revealed many beneficial attributes in the urban and architectural context which will become the main drivers in the design for this strip. The architecture will become an evolution of this initial concept as it mediates a series of logical developments from the initial design to activate the CBD and breath life into the devastated city.
131
-Introduction
WIND Christchurch is situated along the coastal lines of the South Island and is Generally met with a very strong North Easterly and subtle South and North Westerlies through the day. Most people do not realise that this constitutes to many factors including the low temperatures of the city during winter, disturbing urban wind tunnels and uncomfortable urban landscapes. This project aims to address this natural disturbance and design a new Urban fabric which augments the winds away from the inner CBD to establish comfortable microclimate pockets for inhabitation
ENERGY Over time many have noticed winds potential as an ecologically friendly, renewable power recourse. Wind Farms have been a great source of energy within New Zealand for many years providing electricity for homes and business. The question here is how can we integrate this notion of a self sustaining recourse more closely into the design of the urban landscape. Although it is impossible to place wind farms directly into the CBD, architecture within this strip will adopt energy conservation principles to reduce the demand for energy.
AIR QUALITY Air pollution is one of the biggest health issues in our world today and many cities have failed to address these issues properly. Beyond the tragic events of the Earthquake, Christchurch offers a rare opportunity within the redesign of the city to address this problem. Green spaces will be spread out generously across the strip in between built spaces to maintain air circulation within the CBD and provide plants which will benefit the overall air quality.
BARRIER Investigations into the relationship between wind volume and public spaces have proven that the strength of prevailing winds is indirectly proportional top the atmospheric satisfactory of public spaces. As humans we naturally enjoy calm weather and gentle breezes which is why shelter belts have become a main focus for the project at hand. The proposal will look into how architecture can mold the urban landscape into a series of barriers which divert the energy of the wind away from areas which expect high urban population.
133
-Introduction
PROGRAMME
The mixed use block has been adopted by many urban designers as the ideal building typology to carry forward for future design. In the context of christchurch, it is crucial to take this opportunity to not only reconstruct, but to build a new city which consists of many mixed use blocks which replace the previous single function buildings to provide benefits which include - Greater housing Variety and density, affordable accommodation - Reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses and other amenities and destinations - More compact development, land synergy, more space to devote to green spaces - Strong neighbourhood character, strong sense of community - Walk able, bikable neighbourhoods, increased accessibility to public transport, resulting in reduction of carbon footprint - Opportunity to design more energy efficient architecture -24 hour building occupancy
135
-Band
BAND
137
THE PROBLEM
The urban fabric of Christchurch before the events of the earthquake consisted of large clusters of building functions. There existed a major segregation between the Business and Residential sectors divided by the Avon River. This division was the common cause for high demands for motor vehicle transport across the city by locals to carry out day to day tasks. The Green Frame proposition fails to address this major issue in its design and instead of establishing a connection between these two divisions the frame runs parallel along the Avon to further intensify this segregation. The green outline marks a new proposition, an alternative to the green frame and the basis of this project.
Green Band
139
THE SOLUTION
Gloucester Street Gloucester Street Hereford Street Hereford Street
The green stitch proposition aims to connect and integrate these sectors together by distributing mixed used blocks consisting of both business and residential evenly across the entire band. Unlike the green frame, the band has been orientated perpendicular vector across the river that stretches next to CPIT and into the heart of the residential zone at the ends. This placement hopes to activate the city by acting as a urban bridge that allows each sector to cross over each other, introducing housing towards the southern end of the Avon for students and local business towards the north for residents.
Hi Hi gh St re
gh
St re
et
et
CPIT CPIT
RESIDENTIAL
BUSINESS
EDUCATION
MIXED USE
141
A NEW FORMULA
SHIFT + DENSIFY + MITIGATE + OPEN + GREEN
The proposition for a new urban module is guided by 4 logical attributes which will give character and help distinguish the band as part of the new green stitch model
143
SHIFT - Retail across the river by means of mixed use to establish local
business to boost the economy
DENSIFY- The urban grain below the river to match the more dense grain
above to activate the band as a whole and introduce neighbourly connections throughout
MITIGATE - dominant wind patterns to sustain a comfortable microclimate for outdoor living
145
This series of design principles will govern the design process as it is applied within context. The aim for this new formula is not only to address the errors of the urban and architectural design of the past, but to distinguish the band from the rest of christchurch and help characterize it as the true solution for future christchurch as opposed to the green frame proposition.
OPEN - Public Spaces within the band to encourage social gathering and strengthen the sense of community
GREEN - Applying sustainable design and eco friendly principles to the band
147
149
-Band
240 X 2146m
AVON RIVER
515040m
HIG HS TR EE T
CPIT
PERIMETER
Outlining the limitations of the design
GRID
A geometry is drawn out based on pre dominant north easterlies and south westerly winds, the number of stokes attributed to the directional wind strength
PERPENDICULAR
Taking the perpendicular vectors of the previous grid to form shelter belt geometries
151
-Band
CHURCH OF ST FRANCIS
EXTRUDE
Extruding the pattern to 12 m high, leaving at least 15m for road and paving
OVERLAY
Overlaying the band with christchurchs historical grid and the Avon River
PRESERVATION
Keeping the historical church of St Francis, private homes and the unique urban fabric of High street
CONNECT
Widening Manchester street to better connect the top and bottom halves of the Avon river, small building blocks are removed and turned into voids to provide circulation off the main road.
153
The final design of the band has outlined the build spaces in relation to green and open areas. The Buildings have been designed to mitigate incoming winds to control the micro climate within the band to establish comfortable inhabitation. Manchester street runs across the band and will act as the bridge or spine that will connect the two parts by means of circulation. Generous allocation of green spaces ensures air purification as well communal gatherings for public events.
OPEN SPACE
Central blocks grouped and pressed to provide open spaces for green and public allocation
10
FINAL
155
BUILT FABRIC
The blocks derived from the previous iteration must now be broken down into buildings, the exact same process is applied with similar logics to determine the final urban fabric of the band.
157
-Band
GUIDES
Taking the historical 200x100m grid and shrinking it down to 10x10m guides to introduce a densified urban fabric
BORDER
Outlining the border with a widened grid to maintain the outline of the band and distinguish the buildings as shelter belts
CONTEXT
Broadening the width of Worcester Street to connect the Cathedral with Latimar square . The blocks respond to the river by with an orientation that allows for residents to cross between the buildings for direct access to the Avon
INTERCEPT
Building blocks follow the form and orientate parallel to the Transport Band at the intersection points
159
The design of the built urban fabric continues the logical sequence at a more refined scale to carve out the city scape of the CBD. The final design offers a densified, more lively and more integrated public and private urban sectors to activate the green band.
POCKETS
The centre piece of each block is removed and connect to the large open space of the band. The urban pockets provide further shelter from high winds and encourage public interaction
SCALE
Remaining fabric is scaled into building sizes and corner blocks are cleaned up
161
CIRCULATION
Allocating street widths to the circulation pathways within the band in an order of hierarchy to establish a connection between the top and bottom halves of the band and provide access to major areas in between building spaces
163
-Band
PRIMARY ACCESS LANES DOUBLE LANED STREETS WITH PEDESTRIAN PAVEMENTS AND BICYCLE LANES 25m
CROSS TRANSFERATION LANES SINGLE LANE WITH PEDESTRAIN PAVEMENTS AND BICYCLE LANES 15m
25M
20M
15M
10M
BLOCK CIRCULATION
Pedestrian pathways
165
MIN 100 m2
167
THE FINAL DESIGN Taking the initial concept of wind as a driver for this Green Band and applying a new urban formula integrated closely within the christchurch context lead to a series of logical design iterations which moulded the band into the final design at hand. The new proposition address the past, present and future by reconstructing the urban format of post christchurch, challenging the proposition of the green frame and providing a module for future development. The new green band connects the city, rather than segregates, it mitigates wind to provide comfortable living spaces, its generous in its distribution of green space for health and public services, it connects and brings together a stronger sense of community through public space distribution and lastly it keeps hold of the historical context of a city which has lost so much.
169
BLOCK
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POTENTIAL
*The block chapter zooms into a small area within the green band and carries forth the same principles of design on a smaller scale. The same design applications within this certain block can be applied to the design of the whole.* THE CURRENT CONTEXT The chosen site is situated at the southern end of the green band located to the west of CPIT. The block faces the high street intersection, the main promenade of the CBD which leads into cathedral square. Unfortunately, the current site has become an urban junk yard consisting of factory garages, vacant spaces and car sales. The only populated area would towards the south where Countdown and some eatery places are situated, the other 65% of this block has become mainly carparks and the buildings fail to provide any services to neighbouring areas. THE SOLUTION The aim of this project is to carry forth the urban fabric derived from the Band iteration of the previous chapter and build up a logical sequence of design proposals within the context of this block. The new design aims to activate this block by providing CPIT students with accommodation and retail facilities as well as a public courtyard to hold events. The Block will also open up towards the High street intersection to attract locals and tourists.
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BUILDING ORGANISATION
Further development of the initial design from the band, applying the exact same process with a similar logic this time in relation to the site.
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-Block
BASE
Taking the initial proposal from the Band Chapter as a base for this design iteration
ACCESS
Allowing public and student access from the High street intersection, Manchester Street, CPIT and St Asaph street, removing buildings which blocked these points of access.
BLOCK
Joining the bottom 5 buildings into a combined block to segregate the block away from noise and visual disruption of Moorhouse Ave
VIEW
Removing the centre cluster of buildings to dedicate the space to green/ public whilst simultaneously providing views towards this space to the south eastern buildings.
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GREEN ALLOCATION
Designing the centre green space with the same logic to provide an area for public use
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-Block
BORDER
Allowing a 10 M border around the buildings and pathways for seating and circulation purposes
ACCESS
Main block access geometries are extruded to penetrate through the green space to provide walkways across the area. The green space is extruded also above ground by 1M for a more dynamic urban plane, there is also no need to dig into the concrete ground to make room for tree roots with this design
CENTRE
The central block is removed and the area is paved to hold events and night markets
FILL
The remaining voids have been filled with green spaces
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THE FINAL DESIGN What was once an urban wasteland, consisting of old warn down warehouses and factories which failed to draw any life into an area so close to highly populated areas is now a fully functional, mixed used block. The warehouses have been swapped out for shops and retial, with cafes with stunning views towards the centre green space and plenty of food and shopping areas. A gallery, bank, gym and library have been added amongst the large list of services provided within the block to cater for the students, public and local residents. Countdown has been kept towards the south to continue to attract plenty of residents and the carpark remains. Above the two floors of retail are an additional two floors dedicated to apartments. With at least enough accommodation to house 200 residents, an attractive green courtyard and easy access and circulation to a wide range of retail and shopping, the block has been transformed from a once dead urban wasteland, into a green urban eco village as part of the design of the green band.
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BUILDING
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FORM
*The building chapter zooms into a group of buildings within the block from the previous chapter and carries forth the same principles of design on a smaller scale. The same design applications within this certain building can be applied to the design of the whole.* Further development of the initial design from the block, applying the exact same process with a similar logic this time in relation to the building.
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-Building
EXTRUDE
A more specific extrusion of the 3 buildings, the southern ones pulled to 11m in height whilst the northern building extruded to 13m due to its function as a gallery at the low floors
EXPAND
Distorting the form so that the floor plan continues to increase in size as the building rises, this will prove roughly 400 m2 of additional floor area for the residents on the higher floors
LIFT
The buildings form opens up on the lower floors to reveal a glass facade to the major access pathways to welcome more people into the building
BRIDGE
The space lost to the circulation pathways below have been reestablished as both a communal space and a bridge which connects the 3 buildings together
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CENTRAL
The centre piece of the 3 buildings has been removed and turned into a deck for neighbourhood gatherings and small events
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BRIDGE
Design iteration of the bridge for the purpose of connection, green space and lighting
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-Building
DECK
Decking is applied to the pathway below the bridge to signify its function as a green pathway
DUPLICATE
Another deck is added below to provide circulation for the second floor
LIGHT
A 5m perimeter is drawn around the building facades to allow light to penetrate into the buildings and onto the green circulation pathway
BEND
The form is bent to allow for views across both sides of the bridge
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CONNECT
Small ramps are attached to provide circulation across the and around the centre.
ACCESS
A stairwell is added to the first floor to provide public access to the bridge, the decking of the middle building will serve as the primary access for private residents to access the bridge
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FREE STRUCTURE
The Structure of the building is modelled after Le Corbusiers domino house. It consists of an open floor plan consisting of concrete slabs supported by a minimal number of thin, reinforced concrete columns around the edges, with a stairway providing access to each level on one side of the floor plan. The frame is completely independent of the floor plans of the houses thus giving freedom to design the interior configuration. What this freedom allows the building to do is position the rooms and balconies of the upper residential levels for passive solar design whilst keeping a relatively open plan at the bottom floors for circulation.
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REACTIVE SKIN
Because most buildings within the band preform as shelter belts, the facades of the architecture consists of two separate skins to protect the building against strong winds. The inner skin is make up of entirely glass, with minimal breaks for privacy giving plenty of glazing for passive solar heating. Timber slates are used for the second skin of the building, the timber being locally important remains a cost efficient, aesthetic and eco friendly material. The slates themselves are designed like shading louvres, the bottom floors for shopping are fixed and ensure consistent natural light to entre the building throughout the day. The upper floors are thinner and have louvre slats which are able to turn and adjust to control heat gain/loss or privacy. When needed, the facade can stack across to fully open up the skin to areas such as the balcony to allow maximum solar gain. North facing facades protrude out more to provide extra shading during summer whilst still allowing the low angled winter sun to enter the building.
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KEY Cafe Retail Exterior Bridge Gallery Balcony Bathroom Vertical Circulation Store room Kitchen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 1 9 6 8 2 2 7 7 8 9 6 1 2 8 6 1 2
KEY Cafe Retail Exterior Bridge Gallery Balcony Bathroom Vertical Circulation Store room Kitchen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 2 8 22 3 7 7 2 8 9 6 1 8 9 6 2 2
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KEY KEY Bedroom Bathroom Balcony Hallway Kitchen + Lounge Vertical Circulation Private green space 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 5 2 3 1 5 2 3 2 3 5 1 4 6 1 1 1 5 2 3 1 5 1 3 1 11 1 5 3 3 2 5 1 5 2 1 3 3 3 4 7 6 2 1 2 5 3 6 11 2 1 2 5 3 1 4 5 5 6 4 2 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 5 3 3 Bedroom Bathroom Balcony Hallway Kitchen + Lounge Vertical Circulation 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 5 2 3 5 3 3 2 1 5 2 2 1 6 3 2 1 5 1 1 4 1 5 2 2 5 3 2 5 3 2 6 4 2 1 5 3 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 5 3 3
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TODAY
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TOMORROW
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