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Abstract: This paper discusses about how In-Memory technology changes the
present environment of Enterprise Applications. It discusses about Hype Cycle analysis for the companies who are interested to Implement In-Memory now or seriously thinking to make use of In-Memory Computing in near future. It emphasizes on data volume growth which effects operational and analytical applications, evolution of InMemory data management in detail with detailed analysis on Multi core processors, Memory, Parallel and distributed computing. It explains the benefits of merging Analytical and operational applications and also concentrates on benefits and limitations of In-Memory technology. Finally concludes with how SAP has started its journey in In-Memory by the development of proprietary solution SAP HANA for its vast Business Customer base.
Introduction:
For all Computer science Researchers and IT Professionals, by hearing/ seeing word Computing will be lured into the concepts behind it and attracts their utmost attention. With the maturity of Computing Paradigm, in recent times people use Parallel and Distributed Computing, Grid Computing, Mobile Computing, High Performance Computing/High Availability Computing, Cluster Computing, Cloud Computing and InMemory Computing. The technological advances are driving us to get into new realms for better usage of power of Computing such as Mobile, Business Analytics or Cloud environments. The Information technology (IT) in last 40 years has come up with lot of inventions, made lot of progress towards easing the core functionalities of Business Processes in daily operations of the companies. Mostly, running a Business with IT by leveraging ITs Potential to the fullest is being tried by both IT Researchers and Business Leaders by looking into the real time problems and their solutions by working collaboratively. Conjunction of Business and IT gave rich dividends such as avoiding repetitive tasks and visibility of changes in a firm instantaneously to the higher level management. The data in enterprise is widely distributed across the different applications which are used in heterogeneous systems. The expansion of using new applications and adding new landscapes is a continuous process all the time in an Organization which can be analogous to the expansion of city with new buildings, bridges and communities. To cope up with the information needed to make decisions in Business most of the companies are using DSS (Decision Support Systems). From last few years most of the companies/IT experts are using term Business Intelligence which helps the firm to make decisions with the available data. Currently market uses synonymous term Business Analytics more often in place of Business Intelligence. Data is the key for making decisions, due to constraints in DBMS, there are OLTP (On Line Transactional Processing) and OLAP (On Line Analytical Processing) systems. Higher management most of the times needs reports to run the businesses which are coming from BI systems. BI professionals always give the data to run the reports based on yesterdays (previous days) data most of the times, the reason behind it is data needs to be loaded in ware houses where cleansing and aggregation is must before running the required reports. Adhoc reporting and Up-to-current time data is highly impossible because data which is available in OLTP systems need to be transferred to OLAP systems for reporting. New data available in system should be available to user as it is entered and also give a flexibility to analyze it by the user irrespective of the volume and complexity.
To achieve this, concept of In-Memory Computing (IMC) has developed on the basis of In-Memory Database (IMDB).Analyzing the data in blink of an eye is core objective of IMC.
Market Drivers:
Figure 1.0: Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle 2012 Source:Gartner As per Gartner, The rapid maturation of application infrastructure technologies and a continued dramatic decline in the cost of semiconductor technologies are paving the way for mainstream use of in-memory computing (IMC). It is predicted that although the in-memory data grid (IMDG)* market, a key IMC segment, is small, it is likely to grow fast and to reach $1 billion by 2016 - Gartner, Inc, Egham, UK, April 3, 2013 .
Moores Law: Intel Co-founder Gordon E .Moores Law, States that the number of
transistors on a chip will double approximately every two years. Interesting interpretation of the law is, it also holds good for processing power (performance of Central Processing Units (CPUs), in other words apart from transistors the processing power will also be doubled. In recent decades, faster transistors increased processor clock speed, the number of transistors per CPU per square meter are also increased rapidly. A processor with number of transistors now we have when compared with that of 1970s has grown exponentially, the achievement made in this area is, it is the same processor with billions of transistors available with the same price. Front Side Bus (FSB) speed and Clock speed after exponential growth have been stagnated. Refer below figure 1.0 on Clock speed, FSB speed and Transistor development.
Figure 1.1: Clock speed, FSB Speed and Transistor development Source: Plattner/Zeier, In-Memory Data Management In 2005, Multi-Core processors revolution has started, please refer below Figure 1.2 on development of number of cores.
Figure 1.2: Development of Number of cores Source: Plattner/Zeier, In-Memory Data Management Intel has come up with Hyper threading technology in 2002, computations can be done in parallel on the single processor. This can be applicable to both single-core and also to multi-core processors.
Parallel and Distributed Computing: Distributed Computing: Known as Loosely coupled architecture with number of
processors put in a network. The communication between processors is through Message Passing, Every component has its own memory (local memory) and Global memory called Distributed Shared Memory.
Case Study:
a) 90% proportion is parallelized, 10% is sequential, then maximum speed up can be achieved is on 10 processors is 1/ (0.1+ (1-0.1)/10) is 5.26 which is around 5.3.i,e 5.3 x faster than on 10 processors when compared with single processor. b) 90% proportion is parallelized, 10% is sequential, then maximum speed up can be achieved is on 20 processors is 1/ (0.1+ (1-0.1)/20) is 6.89 which is around 6.9.i, e if we double hardware components, we can only increase speedup by 30%. In Hypothetical conditions if we can use 2000 processors in future then c) If 90% proportion is parallelized, 10% is sequential then the maximum speedup on 2000 processors is 1/ (0.1+ (1-0.1)/2000) is 9.95 which is around 10.
No matter how large we use number of processors, we can get maximum speed up factor of 10.So parallel computing can be best suited for small number of processors or high values of proportion of program made parallel.
Cost factors: Mostly it suits for large enterprises where massive data is present, there
is a need of high speed real-time reporting and who can afford proportionate price tag.
HANA can be non disruptively attached to existing ECC, BW and BOBJ systems providing a chance of using its benefits in current landscapes. SAP has also progressed in handling data which comes from Non-SAP systems using HANA. SAP, in SAPPHIRE2013 event has announced about seamless integration of Cloud, Mobility and HANA in its Business Suite used by customers. Applications on HANA is latest term used by Dr. Hasso Plattener in his keynote speech at SAPPHIRE 2013
Conclusion:
Paradigm shift in memory management is one of the key elements of IMC which will set a new trend in enterprise business computing with quick decision making and better productivity to the end user. Large In-memory databases will change present computing power considerably and will also be the foundation for best real time analytics on raw operational data. With IMC technology, Enterprises will get best benefits such as not using Batch programs, latency between OLTP and OLAP systems will be no more, complex computational real-time analysis is done on business in sub-second response time. Single source to the business by combining OLTP and OLAP is remarkable achievement of IMC. IMC can potentially change the enterprise software as a whole. SAP, as ERP market leader has developed its proprietary solution SAP HANA based on In-Memory technology to give maximum benefits to its huge customer base. The number of Implementations of SAP HANA has been increasing steadily from last 2 years. Many applications are developed on HANA, tight integration of Mobility, Cloud and HANA is the current direction of development where SAP is progressing towards.